基于软件构件质量模型的度量及应用

随着软件复用实践的深入,可复用构件数量不断增加,构件库规模也不断扩大。构件的质量将影响到最终的软件质量和CBSD的推广应用,但是目前缺乏对构件质量有效的评价模型。本文基于ISO／IEC9126软件质量度量模型,提出了软件构件质量模型,及专门针对软件构件质量模型的可操作的度量方法,重点描述了构件可复用性的度量,并将该方法实际应用于上海构件库部分构件,本文提出的度量模型和方法可作为构件库管理者和构件用户在管理及使用构件时对构件进行评价参考。     

基于模糊推理的构件度量

高质量的构件是软件高效开发的基本保障。现有构件度量的研究主要针对构件的可信性和复用性等构件外部质量,而针对构件内部质量的度量研究不多,缺少综合评价构件内部质量的方法。本文提出一种基于模糊推理的构件内部质量度量方法,通过模糊化处理构件代码的静态分析结果,以及模拟专家的模糊推理过程,确定构件的综合内部质量。这种方法应用在构件迭代开发过程中,实现构件质量的自动度量,大大提高构件度量的时效性。     

软构件的可复用性度量模型研究

软构件的可复用性是构件区别于其它软件的最大特性,如何用一种较为精确的、基于实践应用的方法来评价构件的复用度,关系到构件质量的提高和构件库的有效性。文章以提高构件质量和可复用性,对软件构件可复用性的度量模型进行了研究。针对构件质量的具体特性进行分析,得到了基于构件复用因素的可复用性度量量化模型,最终给出一套根据用户复用以后的反馈信息对该值进行调整的方法。     

一种基于特定领域的可信构件度量模型

基于构件的软件复用是提高软件生产率和软件质量的有效途径,并在计算机系统中得到了广泛的应用。随着软件质量需求的提高,可信构件的研究也越来越受重视。构件的可信度决定了软件质量的高低,只有高可信度的构件才能够满足高质量软件的需求。因此,本文基于ISO/IEC25010软件质量模型,并结合构件本身的质量特性及其所应用的领域特性,建立一种基于某个特定领域的可信构件度量模型。在此基础上深入探究其度量指标的分析及选择过程,并用形式化的方法描述该模型的可信性。      

软件构件的可复用性质量度量*

依据国家信息产业部有关制定构件质量度量标准的要求,研究并提出了对软件构件可复用性有着直接影响的六个子特性(接口成熟性、独立性、易组装性、通用性、演化兼容性和可复用依从性)以及软件构件可复用性质量度量和构件可信度使用质量度量方案,并给出了它们相应的度量元素和量化方法.     

面向对象软件度量技术

提出了OO度量评价规则和标识一组OO度量套件的方法，一组切实可行的OO度量套件及其形式化描述方法，评价OO关键概念和结构特性。质量度量模型是软件质量评价体系中的关键技术，采用层次结构的度量模型。通过质量度量模型，就建立了软件内部属性和外部属性间的客观的定量的联系。OO软件度量框架用以规范化地帮助评测软件产品质量的过程。     

基于UML的软件构件内聚耦合性度量工具设计与实现

基于构件的软件复用被看成是提高软件生产率和软件质量的有效途径,被称为是有效解决软件危机的方法之一。近几年来,随着基于构件的软件工程的发展,构件的度量方法有了很大的发展。但多是研究可复用性,对构件的内聚耦合研究较少。而有效的系统分解是构件获取的主要手段,它为构件的复用提供了强有力的支持。文章在对系统分解后,以构件的内聚耦合度量为研究重心,利用其度量结果,再对构件可复用性进行研究。文章以有向带权依赖图为基础,运用图的谱分割技术,及结合信息熵技术的构件内聚耦合度量方法,实现对构件的自动聚集和自动度量。实验结果表明,图的谱分割技术能够较合理、有效的分解系统,文章中的度量方法是一种较准确的软件构件度量方法,为权衡构件的设计质量提供了可靠的数据。     

基于构件库管理系统的构件复用度度量模型

构件概念及其理论的发展始终以软件复用为切入点,只有被最大可能地复用,构件才有其存在的意义和经济价值。如何用一种较为精确的、基于实践应用的方法来评价构件的复用度,关系到构件质量的提高和构件库的有效性。该文介绍了构件复用的概念,并结合构件库管理系统,提供了一个对构件复用度的度量模型,分析了度量结果对构件库的反馈作用,能够对构件库管理系统的设计与实现提供参考。     

油气田图形构件质量模型的研究

油气田图形构件研发是油气田业务构件研究的重要内容,易组装性是其主要质量特性。而SJ/T 11374-2007《软件构件 产品质量》中易组装性作为可复用性特性的子特性,无法对油气田图形构件的易组装性特性进行全面度量评价。依据SJ/T 11374-2007《软件构件 产品质量》标准,提出的油气田图形构件质量模型,对原有的可复用性特性内容进行了裁剪,增加了易组装性特性及相关子特性,并提出了相应的度量方法。     

基于信息熵的软件构件度量方法

本文主要是以一种有向带权类依赖图作为面向对象系统的UML类图的抽象表示,结合信息熵技术针对软件构件进行内聚耦合性及独立性度量。通过实验表明,该方法是一种较准确的软件构件度量方法,为权衡构件的设计质量提供了可靠的数据。     

基于UML的构件可重用性度量方法

随着基于构件软件开发实践的深入,构件的质量将影响到最终的软件质量,但目前缺乏对构件在实际应用中有效的评价模型.基于Perry所提出的度量方法,给出了应用在UML中的度量模型,并且设计实现了对应的度量工具,以便构件使用者能够在实际开发应用中找出合适的构件.     

Techniques of Successful Application of Factor Analysis in Software Measurement

Metrics in a software sense can be roughly divided into two groups, internal metrics and external metrics. Internal metrics can be measured directly, while external metrics are predicted using internal metrics. Factor analysis is a statistical technique which can be applied to analyze the structure of internal metrics and form a prediction model for external metrics A prediction model generated by using factor analysis needs further validation since factor analysis has a non-unique solution for the factor-loading matrix. The computational methodology to establish a model is presented as well as the validation process. This is illustrated by an empirical study of design metrics and a prediction model for design quality.     

层次型Java软件质量度量模型研究

软件度量研究方兴未艾,构建软件度量模型是其中一个重要的研究方向。度量模型从本质上说,是一组对软件进行评价的标准。这个标准并不是仅仅为了用来证明软件的好坏优劣,也用来反映不同软件系统或者软件模块的特点,从而为不同的需求服务。计算机科学中没有绝对的概念,它从诞生起就是紧密围绕应用服务的,计算机科学的研究一定要和现实需求相关联,因此作为一种评价标准,度量模型同样是从不同方面来综合评测软件的属性,从而在不同需求面前提供可参考的选择。     

The impact of institutional forces on software metrics programs

Software metrics programs are an important part of a software organization's productivity and quality initiatives as precursors to process-based improvement programs. Like other innovative practices, the implementation of metrics programs is prone to influences from the greater institutional environment the organization exists in. In this paper, we study the influence of both external and internal institutional forces on the assimilation of metrics programs in software organizations. We use previous case-based research in software metrics programs as well as prior work in institutional theory in proposing a model of metrics implementation. The theoretical model is tested on data collected through a survey from 214 metrics managers in defense-related and commercial software organizations. Our results show that external institutions, such as customers and competitors, and internal institutions, such as managers, directly influence the extent to which organizations change their internal work-processes around metrics programs. Additionally, the adaptation of work-processes leads to increased use of metrics programs in decision-making within the organization. Our research informs managers about the importance of management support and institutions in metrics programs adaptation. In addition, managers may note that the continued use of metrics information in decision-making is contingent on adapting the organization's work-processes around the metrics program. Without these investments in metrics program adaptation, the true business value in implementing metrics and software process improvement is not realized.     

Software quality prediction using fuzzy integration: a case study

Given the complexity of many contemporary software systems, it is often difficult to gauge the overall quality of their underlying software components. A potential technique to automatically evaluate such qualitative attributes is to use software metrics as quantitative predictors. In this case study, an aggregation technique based on fuzzy integration is presented that combines the predicted qualitative assessments from multiple classifiers. Multiple linear classifiers are presented with randomly selected subsets of automatically generated software metrics describing components from a sophisticated biomedical data analysis system. The external reference test is a software developer’s thorough assessment of complexity, maintainability, and usability, which is used to assign corresponding quality class labels to each system component. The aggregated qualitative predictions using fuzzy integration are shown to be superior to the predictions from the respective best single classifiers.     

Empirical Analysis of Software Fault Content and Fault Proneness Using Bayesian Methods

We present a methodology for Bayesian analysis of software quality. We cast our research in the broader context of constructing a causal framework that can include process, product, and other diverse sources of information regarding fault introduction during the software development process. In this paper, we discuss the aspect of relating internal product metrics to external quality metrics. Specifically, we build a Bayesian network (BN) model to relate object-oriented software metrics to software fault content and fault proneness. Assuming that the relationship can be described as a generalized linear model, we derive parametric functional forms for the target node conditional distributions in the BN. These functional forms are shown to be able to represent linear, Poisson, and binomial logistic regression. The models are empirically evaluated using a public domain data set from a software subsystem. The results show that our approach produces statistically significant estimations and that our overall modeling method performs no worse than existing techniques.     

青鸟构件库的构件度量

对软件产业发展所需要的软件生产率和软件质量的重视引起了对软件复用技术的研究,同时,有关复用度量的研究和应用也引起了广泛的重视.青鸟构件库系统可以对可复用构件进行描述、管理、存储和检索,用以满足基于“构件-构架”复用的软件开发过程的需要.该文介绍了青鸟构件库中的构件度量模型,并阐述了利用青鸟程序分析系统中的面向对象度量工具和青鸟构件库后期度量系统(包括反馈信息的收集、处理和分析工具)来实现模型的方法.