Thermal relaxation of polyvinyl alcohol fibre

Conclusions 1. The physical, mechanical and physicochemical properties of industrial Vinol yarns, obtained by thermal relaxation with a specified shrinkage, have been studied.2. The nature of the elongation change in yarns during thermal relaxation with a specified degree of shrinkage is explained by the fact that, with an increase in the degree of shrinkage, the order along the axis decreases and across the axis is increased.3. The possibility has been demonstrated of preparing high-strength Vinol yarns with adequate tensile strength and elongation.Leningrad Branch of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Man-Made Fibres. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 51–53, March–April, 1969.     

Thermal and mechanical properties of phosphorylated multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyvinyl chloride composites

The fabrication of carbon nanotube/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites and a study of their thermal and mechanical properties are reported. Phosphorylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (p-MWCNT) and pristine MWCNT were used. The MWCNT were embedded in the polymer matrix through melt mixing. The phosphorylation of the MWCNT and their dispersion in the PVC matrix were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Thermal analysis by thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, showed an increase in glass transition temperature and melting temperature for the composites with respect to pure PVC. The modulus of the MWCNT/PVC composites increased while there was a reduction in their tensile strength, indicating a decrease in polymer toughness.     

Effect of glycerol on thermal and mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol/starch blends

The paper reports the results of studies on the effect of glycerol content on thermal, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties of blends of starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Degree of crystallinity of the starch/PVA blends (4 g/4 g ratio) remains almost constant up to 3.78 g of glycerol as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x‐ray diffraction studies. At higher loading of glycerol the crystallinity decreases. DTG thermograms revealed occurring of one maximum degradation temperature closer to that of starch in blends containing up to 3.78 g of glycerol. At higher glycerol content there gradually occur two distinct peaks of maximum degradation temperature, one occurring close to that of starch and other occurring close to the PVA peak, indicating phase separation of the blend components. Results of stress–strain studies indicate lowering of tensile properties and energy at break particularly at higher glycerol content (beyond 3.78 g). Dynamic mechanical studies reveal a sharp drop in dynamic modulus at higher glycerol content at all temperatures. The blend with low glycerol content shows transitions of starch, while the blend containing high glycerol content beyond 3.78 g display the transitions due to both starch and PVA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Thermal properties of polyvinyl alcohol fibres in the presence of a phosphorus-containing catalyst

The thermal properties of polyvinyl alcohol in the presence of phosphorous-containing and other inorganic compounds were investigated. The catalytic role of a phosphorus-containing fireproofing compound — diammonium phosphate — in thermooxidative decomposition of PVA was revealed. It was found that dehydration of PVA is intensified, the activation energy of decomposition of PVA increases, and its coke-forming power also increases in the presence of (NH ₄)₂HPO₄. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 23–27, January–February, 1997.     

纳米二氧化钛填充橡胶复合材料的分散结构与性能

用粒径为20～40nm的纳米二氧化钛(B—TiO2)填充天然橡胶(NR)和丁腈橡胶(NBR)制备了橡胶复合材料,研究了B—TiO2在橡胶基体中的分散结构、复合材料的力学性能以及抗菌性能,并与德国Degussa公司的催化剂纳米TiO2(D—TiO2)进行了对比。结果表明,B—TiO2在NR和NBR中表现出良好的分散,绝大多数B—TiO2在橡胶中聚集体尺寸小于100nm,特别是在NR中B—TiO2分散颗粒大小与其原生颗粒大小相近,明显优于D—TiO2在NR中的分散;在B—TiO2用量小的情况下,橡胶复合材料的力学性能基本不受B—TiO2的影响。D—TiO2对橡胶复合材料的老化性能也没有影响。橡胶基体中填充B—TiO2后,其抗菌性能明显提高,当用量超过2份(质量)时,其抗菌性能已经达到较高的水平;D—TiO2／NR抗菌效果与B—TiO2／NR的抗菌效果相当,热氧老化不影响橡胶复合材料中TiO2发挥其抗菌特性。     

Enhancing mechanical properties of gel‐spun polyvinyl alcohol fibers by iodine doping

High strength polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers with a conventional degree of polymerization of 1500 were prepared by doping iodine with PVA spinning solution. The iodine‐doped PVA (I‐PVA) aqueous solution was extruded into cold methanol that provides dark purple PVA‐iodine complex gel fibers. Only a small amount of iodine was required to enhance drawability and molecular orientation by reducing the interaction between PVA chains. An increase of ca. 10% in the maximum draw ratio of the doped fibers compared with that of undoped PVA translated into values for the tensile strength, 2.2 Giga‐Pascal (GPa), and initial modulus (47 GPa) that were more than 30% higher than those of the neat PVA fiber. Easier chain slippage of molecules in the amorphous segments of the I‐PVA fiber during drawing leads to increased orientation in these segments, which is believed to be the source of the improvements in mechanical properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers     

聚乙烯醇结构与性能的研究

采用红外光谱(FT-IR)法、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)法、核磁共振碳谱(13C-NMR)法、凝胶色谱(GPC)法、反相HPLC(高效液相色谱)法和广角X射线衍射(XRD)法等对PVA(聚乙烯醇)的分子结构、聚合度大小与分布、醇解度大小与分布、嵌段分布与特征系数、立体结构、聚集态结构与结晶度以及PVA的改性进行了研究。研究结果表明:PVA的分子结构、立体结构和结晶结构等对其性能影响很大,通过控制PVA的结构和改性,可获得满足客户需求的预期性能。     

Structure and properties of polyvinyl alcohol amidoxime chelate fiber

Polyvinyl alcohol amidoxime (PVAAO) chelate fiber prepared in our laboratory is a good adsorbent. Comparing with other adsorbents, it has many advantages, such as higher hydrophilicity, better adsorbability and easier synthesis. In this work, the synthesis course, structure and properties of PVAAO fiber have been studied by the means of FT-IR, SEM, ESR, and TG. The structural changes of the fiber associated with adsorbed copper ions have also been investigated using ESR, FT-IR, and XPS. In addition, chelating mechanisms of the fiber-adsorbing copper ions have been discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Thermal and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) plasticized with glycerol

Thermomechanical behavior of membranes based on blends of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with different weight percentage (wt %) of glycerol has been studied. Solid‐state PVA/Glycerol polymer membranes were prepared by a solution casting method. The films were studied for thermal characteristics by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis and for the mechanical properties including hardness and modulus by nanoindentation method. The dispersion of glycerol within the polymer matrix was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the formation of hydrogen bonding between the plasticizer and PVA in their blends and also to provide information on compatibility and physical interactions between the glycerol and PVA. It was found that the thermal properties particularly the melting point (T_m) for PVA blends exhibit a reduced value proportional to the glycerol content. The hardness and elastic modulus were also found to decrease with an increase in plasticizer content. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Fabrication and properties of keratoses/polyvinyl alcohol blend films

Polymer Bulletin - Blend films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and keratoses (KOx) were prepared using water as a common solvent. Aqueous solution of KOx from wool was extracted via oxidation using...     

聚乙烯醇改性的热塑性淀粉的结构与性能

采用双螺杆挤出法,以甘油为增塑剂,研究了低质量分数的聚乙烯醇对玉米淀粉的改性作用。用扫描电镜观察了淀粉和聚乙烯醇共混物的微观结构,借助差热分析考察了共混物的热性能,拉伸试验测得各种比例共混物的力学性能。研究结果表明,在聚乙烯醇质量分数低于15%时,聚乙烯醇在淀粉中呈均匀分散状态,力学性能接近淀粉的力学行为;在聚乙烯醇质量分数介于15%~25%时,聚乙烯醇与淀粉共混物呈现两相连续状态,淀粉力学性能逐步改善;在聚乙烯醇质量分数大于30%时,聚乙烯醇相趋于呈现连续相分布,力学性能得到明显提高。     

胶原蛋白/聚乙烯醇复合纤维的结构与性能

将水溶性聚乙烯醇与胶原蛋白进行湿法纺丝,初生纤维经过热拉伸、热定型和缩醛化等后处理,制得胶原蛋白/聚乙烯醇复合纤维。结果表明,纺丝过程中固含量为16%的原液纺得的复合纤维的蛋白质存留率可以达到98%以上,原液固含量为18%的蛋白质存留率为40%～50%;扫描电镜观察表明,复合纤维为异形纤维,截面呈菊花状,原液固含量为16%的复合纤维断裂强度、初始模量分别为7．07,108．66 cN/dtex,结晶度为47．16%,复合纤维的上染率可达到95%以上,水中软化点温度为100℃以上。     

Thermal history and mechanical properties

An account is given of three separate experiments in which the creep modulus and the recovery after creep are shown to be strongly affected by the thermal history. The tensile creep modulus of several amorphous plastics in their glassy state increases with storage time; the recovery after creep can be very much worse than normal under some quite ordinary operating conditions; the modulus in flexure of polypropylene at 20°C is remarkably sensitive to minor thermal treatment (e.g. quenching to 0°C after a short period at 40°C). The results, including those on the polypropylene, are all consistent with the concept of slow molecular re-ordering leading to a state of lower free volume. The implications for materials evaluation programmes are discussed.     

Thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites: Preparation,mechanical properties,thermal properties,and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness

This study uses the solution mixing method to combine plasticized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a matrix, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as reinforcement to form PVA/MWCNTs films. The films are then laminated and hot pressed to create PVA/MWCNTs composites. The control group of PVA/MWCNTs composites is made by incorporating the melt compounding method. Diverse properties of PVA/MWCNTs composites are then evaluated. For the experimental group, the incorporation of MWCNTs improves the glass transition temperature (T_g), crystallization temperature, T_c), and thermal stability of the composites. In addition, the test results indicate that composites containing 1.5 wt % of MWCNTs have the maximum tensile strength of 51.1 MPa, whereas composites containing 2 wt % MWCNTs have the optimal electrical conductivity of 2.4 S/cm, and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of ?31.41 dB. This study proves that the solution mixing method outperforms the melt compounding method in terms of mechanical properties, dispersion, melting and crystallization behaviors, thermal stability, and EMI SE. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43474.     

水性硝化纤维/聚乙烯醇复合乳液的制备与性能

将水性硝化纤维(WNC)乳液与聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液共混制备了WNC/PVA复合乳液。用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和透射电镜(TEM)表征了材料的相容性,并通过万能材料试验机、吸水率测试和热重分析等方法研究了PVA含量对复合材料力学性能、耐水性和热性能的影响。实验结果表明:WNC与PVA之间存在分子间氢键作用,两者相容性较好。当PVA含量为15%时,复合乳液具有优异的稳定性,涂膜拉伸强度为4.0 MPa,断裂伸长率为299.0%,吸水率为18.4%。     

海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇溶液的性能及静电纺丝

将质量分数为2%的海藻酸钠(SA)与质量分数为8%的聚乙烯醇(PVA)按一定体积比混合后进 行静电纺丝,研究了SA与PVA溶液的相容性及SA/PVA共混溶液性能.结果表明:SA与PVA溶液相容;随着PVA含量的增加,SA/PVA共混溶液的粘度、表面张力、电导率则降低,共混溶液的可纺性提高;静电纺丝得到的SA/PVA超细...     

Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of bio-based poly(furfuryl alcohol)/sisal whiskers nanocomposites

In this study, bio-based nanocomposites of sisal whiskers-reinforced poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) were prepared using an in situ polymerization method. Furfuryl alcohol (FA), which is a derived renewable monomer, was used to serve first as a solvent to disperse the whiskers and later as a monomeric precursor to produce PFA. Sisal whiskers were prepared via acid hydrolysis, which was followed by freeze-drying and re-dispersion of the dried whiskers in FA by sonication for 20 min. The polymerization process was catalysed using citric acid, which is also a renewable carboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. The effect of increased sisal whiskers loading on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the nanocomposites was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The TGA results showed slightly higher thermal stability for the nanocomposite samples compared to neat PFA. The DMA results showed that the incorporation of sisal whiskers imparts significant enhancement in the storage modulus of the PFA matrix. Moreover, the intensity of the tan δ peak at ~75 °C for the nanocomposites was remarkably reduced compared to that of neat PFA.     

Thermal and surface characterization of plasticized starch polyvinyl alcohol blends crosslinked with epichlorohydrin

Starch‐polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blends in 2:8 wt % were prepared with various plasticizers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG‐200, PEG‐400) and glycerol. The crosslinking of starch‐PVA blends by epichlorohydrin was carried out in the presence of a plasticizer in situ. The obtained films were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical and thermal analysis (DMTA), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and remarkable changes in thermal stability and glass‐transition temperature have been observed on plasticizing and crosslinking in different concentrations. Different kinetic models such as Coats–Redfern, Broido, Friedman, and Chang were used to calculate the kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition. The results suggest that the thermal stability and activation energy of thermal decomposition passes through maxima at a critical concentration of plasticizer and increases with increasing crosslinker concentration. High‐resolution C 1s XPS analysis was used to provide a method of differentiating the presence of various carbons associated with different environment in the films. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 25–34, 2006     

淀粉/聚乙烯醇全降解缓释塑料薄膜的制备与性能研究

聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶解后与淀粉(St)共混,同时加入增塑剂丙三醇、交联剂甲醛,反应结束后将包膜液流延成膜。考察了m(St)∶m(PVA)、反应温度、丙三醇用量、甲醛加入方式、甲醛用量、反应时间对薄膜性能的影响,并表征了薄膜的结构。结果表明:当m((St)∶m(PVA)=7∶3、反应温度为90℃、w(丙三醇)=3%(占St、PVA、纯水质量之和的质量分数)、甲醛一次性加入、w(甲醛)=2%、反应时间为1 h时,制得的塑料薄膜拉伸强度、断裂伸长率较大,吸水率和透NH4+率均较低,共混体系的相容性好。