酰化皮明胶表面活性的研究

本文研究了以不同分子量的皮明胶和月桂酰氯为原料的酰化反应,并从产物的氨基取代度及其溶液的表面张力、起泡力、乳化力和去污力等性能,考察了反应原料配比对产物表面性能的影响。     

关于明胶冻力测定方法的讨论

<正> 1 冻力测定方法与冻力指标的演变 国内生产明胶的历史不长,先是上海明胶厂生产皮制明胶,从20世纪60年代中期才开始有骨制明胶厂的建立和生产,产品的档次也不高,标准也不太统一。80年代初才有了较为一致的质量标准。到目前为止,作为胶囊明胶、食用明胶和药用明胶的质量标准共计5个。这5个标准是在不同的历史阶段制定的,具有当时的时代特征。使用冻力仪测定明胶的冻力在国内起步于70年代,以前因为没有冻力仪,用凝冻浓度指标代替冻力指标,以后     

油脂对明胶生产的危害及骨粒脱脂方法

<正>在明胶生产过程中,油脂对明胶产品质量 的影响是众所周知的。它不但降低明胶产品 的透过率,造成产品色泽欠佳,更严重的是影 响了产品的冻力和粘度等重要质量指标,使产 品的档次大为下降。究其原因是: 1.由于油脂的存在,明胶溶液在加药处理     

快速冻力测试试验

<正> 冻力是决定商品明胶价格的主要物理性能,商品价格随明胶冻力 Bloom 克值的增大而提高。我厂出口的 FA 型药用(食用)明胶就是按冻力 Bloom 克高低定价的。按 AOAC 检验明胶的冻力 Bloom 克,要求胶样在温度10±0.1℃条件下成熟16～18小时,然后用 Stevens 冻力仪测试 Bloom 克。在生产过程中,受混合机数量的限制,明胶     

明胶的冻力

<正> 冻力是明胶多项理化指标中的一项重要指标。早在20世纪70年代初期,国内明胶用户从应用明胶的实践中,觉察到明胶冻力在应用中的重要作用,因此向明胶厂提出,要求生产供应高冻力明胶,价格可以从优。明胶厂为了满足用户的需求,将“高冻力明胶”作为科研课题列入工作日程。随着我国的改革开放,国     

明胶生产中控公式

本文不仅论述了明胶溶液的密度、波美度、折光度间的互换公式,以及它们与明胶含量的关系,而且还推导了三种恩氏粘度、两种勃氏粘度,以及厘斯粘度间的互换公式。同时也推导了两种冻力、凝冻浓度间的互换公式,以及透明度、色泽与透过率间的互换公式。     

明胶冻力测定及影响因素的探讨

<正> 一、前言冻力是表征明胶物理性能的重要指标,所以为国内外明胶界所注目。由于明胶有良好的冻力特征,在涂布的低温条件下能快速凝冻定型成膜,为感光材料高速、薄层、多层一次挤压涂布创造良好的条件。倘若再加坚膜效果的改进,通过高温快速显影加工后,就能获得满意的画面。目前的冻力测试仪器和方法是1925年由勃卢姆发明的(1)。仪器的设计和制作不断改进,并在世界各国已成为明胶冻力的标准检测仪器。尽管仪器的先进性不断得到改进,但基本方法仍是将明胶配制成6.67％浓度,在10℃恒温条件下恒温16～18小时后,立即在冻力仪上测定表面直径为1/2″的柱塞     

关于明胶冻力的测定

<正> 明胶的冻力是明胶各项质量指标中最重要的、也是最具特色的一项指标,特别是在标定明胶商品的价格时,都以冻力作为定价的依据,所以冻力测定的准确与否是至关重要的。 上海明胶厂前身炽昌牛皮胶厂的创办人吴蕴初曾于1933年从美国带回一台Bloom冻力仪,接着又从德国买回一台恩氏粘度计,以此来鉴定产品质量。后来由于抗日战争迁     

明胶食品烹调艺术

<正> 一、明胶的应用技术 1.明胶的溶解 (1) 量取一定量的热水倒入杯中; (2) 将一定量的明胶倒入热水中; (3) 用一只叉子快速剧烈地搅拌,使明胶全部溶化为止。 2.明胶溶液的准备明胶溶液在使用前必须彻底搅拌,使溶液处于均匀状态。如果溶液中明胶含量太大,在应用前可加热水稀释,使溶液浓淡恰当,凝冻后冻力适宜。 3.明胶溶液状态的保持将盛明胶溶液的容器放在热水中保温,使保持溶液状态;如已凝冻,同样可以用热水加温融化。 4.大量明胶的溶化应先将明胶用冷水溶胀,然后再加热溶     

冻力与粘度对皮冻出率的影响

本文以仪器代替手感,论证了皮冻的出率只与明胶的冻力有关而与明胶的粘度无关。     

An Investigation of the Effect of Plasma Treatment on the Surface Properties and Adhesion in Sheet Molded Composite (SMC) Material

Sheet molded composite was treated with different plasmas (oxygen, dry air, nitrogen, and argon). Plasma treatment of SMC alters the surface properties in a manner dependent on the type of plasma used and the time of treatment. The surface properties were evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectros-copy (FTIR). A two-part urethane adhesive was used to prepare lap shear specimens. Untreated SMC, plasma-treated SMC, and primer-treated SMC were prepared, bonded and tested. The surface properties of the failed specimens were measured. The adhesion characteristics of SMC and the surface properties of the failed specimens were correlated with the type of treatment and the surface properties of treated SMC. Comparison of the surface and adhesive properties of plasma-treated samples with those for untreated samples indicates a) an increase in roughness, b) an increase in the level of SMC surface oxidation, and c) an increase in the failure force for lap shear tests.     

An Investigation of the Effect of Plasma Treatment on the Surface Properties and Adhesion in Sheet Molded Composite (SMC) Material

Sheet molded composite was treated with different plasmas (oxygen, dry air, nitrogen, and argon). Plasma treatment of SMC alters the surface properties in a manner dependent on the type of plasma used and the time of treatment. The surface properties were evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectros-copy (FTIR). A two-part urethane adhesive was used to prepare lap shear specimens. Untreated SMC, plasma-treated SMC, and primer-treated SMC were prepared, bonded and tested. The surface properties of the failed specimens were measured. The adhesion characteristics of SMC and the surface properties of the failed specimens were correlated with the type of treatment and the surface properties of treated SMC. Comparison of the surface and adhesive properties of plasma-treated samples with those for untreated samples indicates a) an increase in roughness, b) an increase in the level of SMC surface oxidation, and c) an increase in the failure force for lap shear tests.     

纳米氧化锌表面修饰及其应用研究进展

纳米氧化锌（ZnO）是一种广泛使用的多功能材料。本文介绍了ZnO的性质和应用,并阐述了表面修饰的重要性。表面修饰会引起ZnO粒径、缺陷和表面化学性质变化。在对表面修饰方法作简单分类后,结合应用综述了表面修饰对ZnO光学性质、抗菌性、生物毒性以及对ZnO/聚合物纳米复合材料性质的影响,并从不同角度分析其原因。适当的表面修饰可提高ZnO的稳定性和分散性,增强其抗紫外、光催化、光致发光和抗菌性质,降低其毒性,并能调控和协调其性质,而不当的表面修饰会导致ZnO性质劣化。然而,要全面和准确地预测并实现表面修饰的优势效果仍面临较大挑战。在表面修饰剂和表面修饰方法的选择、表面修饰剂体系的建立、表面修饰机理及性能优化等方面还需要更深入系统的研究。     

纳米二氧化钛的性质及应用进展

纳米二氧化钛微粒具有大的比表面积,其表面原子数、表面能和表面张力随粒径的下降急剧增加,由于其尺寸的细微化,表现出来独特的物理和化学特性,导致纳米二氧化钛微粒的热、光、敏感特性和表面稳定性等方面不同于常规粒子,这就使得它在环境、信息、材料、能源、医疗与卫生等领域有着广阔的应用前景。综述了纳米二氧化钛的性质,并介绍了近年来纳米二氧化钛的应用研究发展动态。     

铝酸酯偶联剂改性纳米碳酸钙效果研究

研究了铝酸酯偶联剂对纳米碳酸钙湿法表面改性的工艺过程,通过沉降速度表征确定了最佳改性条件,通过BET和吸油值等表面物化性能评价了纳米碳酸钙的改性效果．同时将粉体添加到有机硅密封胶中测定对流变性能的影响。实验结果表明：改性纳米碳酸钙粉体表面性质发生了明显的变化．比表面积增大．亲油性和在有机相中的分散性明显提高,增强了有机硅密封胶的流变性能。     

有色织物在红外辐射下的温升性能研究

采用不同颜色的活性染料对纯棉织物进行染色,比较了在红外辐射下,同一色系颜色深浅与织物表面温升性能的关系,并研究了不同颜色织物在红外辐射下的温升性能。结果表明:在红外辐射下,深颜色的织物表面温度高于浅颜色织物;对于同一色系织物,颜色的深浅对织物表面温度影响不大。     

非离子表面活性剂的表面膨胀性质研究

用毛细波 -纵向波技术研究了非离子表面活性剂octaethyleneglycolmonododecylether(C12 E8)的表面膨胀性质。利用毛细波 -纵向波的波数和衰减系数探索了非离子表面活性剂溶液的表面膨胀模量、表面膨胀弹性、表面膨胀粘度、静态膨胀弹性、表面粘度相角与浓度和表面变形频率的关系。还通过表面膨胀性质和Frumkin表面状态方程的研究 ,探讨了非离子表面活性剂溶液的表面吸附动力学性质     

Surface Properties of an Alcohol Alkoxylate in the Presence of a Cationic Surfactant

Alcohol alkoxylate was prepared via propoxylation of an industrial alcohol ethoxylate. The chemical structure of the prepared compound was confirmed using FT-IR and the physical properties were evaluated by the usual methods according to ASTM. The surface properties of the aqueous solution of alcohol alkoxylate were determined with or without addition of a cationic surfactant in comparison to the corresponding alcohol ethoxylate. The measured parameters were surface tension, CMC, maximum surface excess, minimum surface area and the interaction parameter (β). These data indicate that surface properties changed due to the attractive complex formation in the mixed system.     

Reinigbarkeit von Oberflächen in der Lebensmittelindustrie durch Flüssigkeitsstrahlen

The influence of properties of product contact surfaces on cleanability is widely discussed in the food processing and pharmaceutical industry. In the present work stainless steel surfaces of different surface roughness, surface energy and electrokinetic properties were subject to organic soiling in order to study the influence of surface properties on cleanability. As food model test soils gelatinized starch and whey protein were chosen. The cleaning was realized by means of water jets from a flat fan nozzle.     

Surface coating properties of different shape and size pigment blends

The effect of different shape and size of pigments in blends on latex coating surface properties was investigated. Two pigment blends were compared. Both blends were made of plate-like kaolin pigment but with different size prismatic precipitated calcium carbonate at different volume ratios. All coatings were applied on absorbent as well as non-absorbent substrates. Surface coating properties investigated include surface morphology, surface chemistry and surface energy. Surface morphology was characterized by measuring gloss and roughness, surface chemistry was characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and surface energy was estimated by Kaelable approach.