基于示踪气体浓度值的圆形喷口非等温冷射流卷吸运动实验研究

利用示踪气体浓度值分析圆形喷口非等温冷射流对周边环境空气的卷吸运动。利用恒温恒湿实验室进行喷口射流模型实验。对比了传统方法和示踪气体法卷吸量测量结果,并对喷口射流沿程卷吸量与卷吸系数的变化规律进行分析。实验数据表明:利用示踪气体浓度值沿程变化测量射流卷吸量的方法是可行的。在惯性力起主导作用的射流运动中,雷诺数Re是影响射流卷吸效应强弱的主要准则,随着出口Re数增大,卷吸量逐渐增加;当出口雷诺数Re>15000时,流量增大系数几乎不变。     

在流动水体中周边射流的稀释

本文提出用带活动盖板的喷口形式防止海水与泥沙入侵甚至破坏水下放流系统,并增加污水出口初始稀释度。应用自相似假说分析得到了这种喷口形成的水平周边射流的最大速度衰减率为r~(-1.5),由此根据运动叠加原理推导了在流动水体中近区污水场形状和稀释度的计算公式。同时从紊动混合的机理出发推导了污水场后续扩散与稀释的计算公式。实验证明水平周边射流比垂直自由射流初始稀释度大很多,且污水出露点大为远移。     

射流冲刷平衡深度研究

本文通过水槽实验和理论分析,研究了在水流速度低、泥沙易淤积的区域引入平面冲击射流对消除泥沙淤积的影响。实验观测了射流局部达到冲刷平衡时,最大冲刷深度随射流喷口高度、喷口宽度、喷口流速、横流流速及泥沙特性变化的规律。由泥沙起动理论和平面射流运动规律,建立了射流冲刷平衡深度计算式。用不同性质的泥沙和采用不同射流喷口宽度、不同喷口高度的射流冲刷实验资料对建立的计算公式进行了验证,计算结果与实验资料吻合良好。     

自由面流的速度分布理论分析

针对自由面流剪切层区的水流特征,利用射流分析的类似方法,并适当的简化控制方程,从理论上探讨了剪切层区的时均速度分布规律,其结果与前人的实验资料较为吻合。     

淹没紊动射流三维流场特性的数值模拟

采用RNGk-ε紊流模型对有限空间的单孔、双孔紊动射流的流场进行了三维数值模拟研究。研究结果表明:无论入流条件如何变化,经无量纲处理后的轴线流速分布曲线几乎都落在同一条无量纲速度分布曲线上,说明流动存在相似性。双孔射流时,流场存在分区结构,在不同的喷嘴间距下,射流的卷吸程度不同,S/D越大,射流之间的卷吸掺混作用越弱。     

波浪环境中圆形垂向射流的试验研究

使用粒子图像测速技术PIV(particle image velocimetry)对有限水深规则波浪环境下圆形垂直射流进行了试验研究。应用相位分析法从测量结果中分离出时间平均的速度值。试验中用5种不同周期的波浪研究波周期对射流的影响,分析了射流核长度与射流比、射流出口速度与波浪速度之比和波陡的关系,以及一定区域内射流喷口轴线上垂向平均速度的衰减规律和射流宽度的发展规律。结果表明波周期对射流的流场特性有显著影响。     

动水环境中有限宽窄缝湍射流的水力特性研究

本文采用粒子图像测速(PIV)系统，在分析了水中粒子跟随性的基础上，对动水环境中多种喷口长度和流速比情况下的有限宽窄缝湍射流近区流场进行测试，并结合数值模拟结果分析讨论了动水环境中有限宽窄缝湍射流的近场三维流动特性。在实验观测的流速比范围内，射流势流核长度随着流速比的增加而增大并逐渐趋近于平面自由湍射流的势流核长度，雷诺数对射流的发展轨迹影响很小，射流发展主要由流速比控制。同时，给出了射流背流面逆流区长度与流速比、喷口形状因子之间的关系。     

横流中有限宽窄缝射流的旋涡结构

本文应用PIV流动显示技术详细测量了有限宽度窄缝射流从底部射入横流的流场结构。在此基础上采用湍流数学模型及相应的混合有限分析方法，得到横流中有限宽窄缝射流的时均及瞬态流场、涡量场，以此来分析流场、涡量场特性，揭示各种具有拟序结构性质的复杂涡系的产生、发展及演化过程。实验观察到射流迎、背流剪切涡层卷起形成类开尔文涡列。本文还探讨了横流绕流分离旋涡的生成机理及其转向。另外，观测到射流喷口上游的马蹄涡系以及射流逆流区下游尾迹区旋涡的层状结构形式。通过拓扑分析的方法，给出了横流中有限宽窄缝射流旋涡近区流场的拓扑性质。     

弱环境流速水域内陆核电厂液态流出物排放设计优化研究

理论和实践经验均表明,内陆核电厂采用多孔扩散器有利于加快近排放口区域液态流出物的掺混稀释。基于美国环保署推荐的近区模拟工具——CORMIX专家系统,对低环境流速水文条件下的内陆核电厂的多孔扩散器开展了研究。分析表明:对于近岸布置的多孔扩散器,在低环境流速、相对较强射流以及水深较深条件下,(1)扩散器主管长度Ln与排放口下游断面的最小相对稀释比例H呈正相关,喷口直径D与H呈负相关,喷口水深HD与H呈正相关;在排热量相同的情况下,流量Q与H呈正相关。(2)对于排放口下游1 000 m断面处的最小相对稀释比例H1 000 m,各几何参数灵敏度由高到低排序为,喷口直径D、喷口数量n、主管长度Ln。研究结论可供内陆核电厂液态流出物排放工程的设计及优化参考。     

过渡区内喷泉流动的直接数值模拟与分析

对于具有中等数值的Fr和Re值的处于从层流向湍流过渡的过渡区内的喷泉流动而言,了解其流动机理,尤其是卷吸和湍流开始出现时的流动机理,将有助于我们掌握湍流在负浮力射流中的形成机制以及湍流与负浮力射流之间的相互作用.本文对处于过渡区内(1(Fr(10, 100(Re(1000)的负浮力射流进行了直接数值模拟.结果表明,当Re(200时,在上升流动与回落流动、回落流动与环境流体之间的交界面上均只有微弱的卷吸现象出现,甚至当Fr较大时(如Fr=8)也是如此.但当Re>200时,在上述交界面上不但出现了卷吸现象,并且其程度随Re的增大而增大,尤其在Re(400时,回落流动与环境流体之间的卷吸现象变得很强烈.这些结果表明卷吸的产生主要是由于Re的影响,而相比之下Fr对于卷吸的产生的影响就要小得多.结果还表明,由于卷吸的作用,喷泉的最大穿透高度即使在喷泉流动达到稳态时仍然有上下波动,其平均值在1相似文献   

LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL VORTICAL STRUCTURES FOR AN IMPINGING TRANSVERSE JET IN THE NEAR REGION

The three-dimensional vortical structures for an impinging transverse jet in the near region were numerically investigated by means of Large-Eddy Simulation (LES). The LES results reproduced the skewed jet shear layer vortices close to the jet nozzle and the scarf vortex in the near-wall zone, in good agreement with the experimental observations. Different vortical modes in the skewed jet shear layer close to the jet nozzle were identified depending upon the velocity ratio between jet and crossflow, namely changing from an approximately axisymmetric mode to a helical one with the velocity ratios varying from 20 to 8. Moreover, the scarf vortex wrapped around the impinging jet in the near-wall zone showed distinct asymmetry with regard to its bilateral spiral legs within the near region. And the entrainment of the ambient crossflow fluids by the scarf vortex in the near-wall zone was appreciably influenced by its asymmetry and in a large part occurred on the surface of the spiral roller structures in the course of spreading downstream.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE VORTEX FORMATION AND ENTRAINMENT CHARACTERISTICS FOR A ROUND TRANSVERSE JET IN SHALLOW WATER

The vortex formation and entrainment characteristics for a round transverse jet in shallow water were experimentally investigated by means of a combination of LIF flow visualization and PIV measurement. A scarf vortex wrapped around the main body of the jet is formed in the near-wall region due to the interaction between the resulting wall jet and sufficiently shallow crossflow, with some more or less unsteady flow properties and with spreading ranges as functions of both the velocity ratio and the water depth within the near field. The entrainment of the ambient crossflow fluid into the jet main body is closely associated with the time-evolving features of the shear layer between the jet and surrounding fluid as well as the induced vortical structures near the wall. In the case of slight impingement upon the wall, the interaction between the jet shear layer and the weak, unstable scarf vortex gives rise to an appreciable local entrainment enhancement, confined in the near-wall region in the vicinity of the stagnation point. While in the case of intense impingement upon the wall, the well-organized and stable scarf vortex gives rise to a greatly enhanced entrainment and a greatly increased lateral spreading rate nearly throughout the overall near field as compared to the conventional wall jet. In addition, the entrainment of the ambient crossflow fluid by the scarf vortex in this case occurs largely on the surface of the unique spiral roller structure by itself due to the presence of smaller and unorganized eddies, and accordingly the scarf vortex is likely to keep its spiral roller structure steadily to a relatively great downstream distance within the near field.     

基于液态缩尺模型的大空间下送中回分层空调回风汇流速度场研究

选择某大空间实型建筑,根据相似理论建立液态模型实验台,研究大空间下送中回分层空调回风流场的汇流特性。论文利用二维微元汇流叠加方法获得汇流速度理论公式,利用粒子图像测速技术PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)拍摄回水流场,获得其速度矢量信息;实验发现计算得到回风流场的理论速度值与实验速度值存在较大的偏差,对二维汇流速度理论公式修正后,平均相对误差减少到8.5%。论文最后通过相似比例提出大空间下送中回分层空调回风二维汇流速度半经验公式,这为大空间建筑下送中回热环境研究提供了理论参考。     

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF ENTRAINED AND TRANSPORTED CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBMERGED JET

This paper presents entrainment mechanism, and transported and diffusion characteristics at the point of entry of submerged jet. The profiles of both velocity and concentration within the air water mixing layer were theoretically deduced. And the comparisons between theoretical values and measured data were made. Results show that the velocity profile within the air water mixing layer exhibits a form of error function. The concentrations of air entrainment in the internal and external regions of ai~water mixing layer correspond to Gaussian distribution.     

挑坎掺气槽过流空腔区掺气特性的研究

本文探讨了挑坎掺气槽过游空腔区的掺气特性。对掺气机理、临界掺气所条件、所泡上浮特性、紊动扩散系数、断面含气液度和通气量进行了较详细的理论分析。主要结果得到实测资料的验证。     

掺气槽上射流挟气量的数学模型

本文分析了掺气槽空腔区射流底缘气水界面上空气掺入水体过程的作用因素及受力情况，认为掺气是由于气水界面紊动涡体的脉动作用造成自由表面局部凹曲率超过临界值而发生的；建立了临界掺气流速和射流挟气量的理论表达式，它反映了影响射流掺气特性的各种因素及其相互关系，提出的射流挟气量公式得到部分原模型资料的验证，研究表明，射流挟气量受多种因素的影响，其中来流的紊动是影响掺气的重要因素，研究初步揭示出模型和原型通气     

同轴套管间涡旋流动及强化传热数值模拟

相对旋转两同轴套管间的涡旋流动,能够带来二次流强化传热传质作用,在航空、水处理、生态保护、生物工程和膜分离等领域都具有广泛的应用价值。本文使用Fluent软件,对同轴套管间涡旋流动及传热特性进行数值模拟,考察了内管转速、内外管壁面温差等操作参数变化对同轴套管间流体传热性能的影响,分析了涡旋流动与传热效率之间的关联关系。模拟结果表明:内管转速增加在流场中形成泰勒涡,涡流扰动增大了高温壁面与流体间的热流密度,增强了流体传热效率。增大内外管壁面温差,也可加强流体传热性能,但其强化作用不及内管转速的强化作用显著。受流场中泰勒涡影响,流体速度、温度及热流密度沿轴向的分布都呈正弦状周期性波动,在相邻两涡交界面处,流体传热性能最好,在涡中心处的传热性能最差。     

多孔射流扩散器在宽浅型江河中排放特性研究

多孔射流扩散器排放城市污水是充分利用天然水体环境容量和自净能力的有效途径，本文以水槽试验资料为基础，分析了流动水体中多孔射流扩散器排污下游流场和浓度场的主要影响参数，根据多孔射流与环境水体的掺混稀释特性，采用虚拟扰动源的处理方法，给出了描述扩散器排放下游流速与浓度的分布公式，该公布公式的计算结果与实测值吻合较好。     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MEAN AND TURBULENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IMPINGING DENSITY JET IN A CONFINED CROSSFLOW IN NEAR FIELD

The three-dimensional mean and turbulence characteristics of an impinging density jet in a confined crossflow were numerically investigated using the RNG turbulence model. The comparison of the subregion structures and gross features between the numerical results and the experimental data show good agreement. The velocity, Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) and concentration distributions of the impinging jet in near field were obtained and analyzed. The results indicate that the flow and concentration fields of the impinging jet in the crossflow exhibit distinguished three-dimensionality in the near field. There exist upstream wall vortices and downstream wall jet zones in the impinging region, and the TKE and concentration decays are asymmetrical in relation to the stagnation point. The lateral concentration distributionrange in the impinging region spreads considerably. The enhanced entrainment and mixing of the impinging jet in the confined crossflow are mostly associated with the impinging action and lateral expansion in the impinging region. The presence of the bottom wall restrains the formation of the spanwise rollers in the transverse jet region and vertical entrainment and mixing in the impinging region and the transition region.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF AIR ENTRAINMENT ON A PLANE JET DIFFUSION IN A PLUNGE POOL

l'mTRODUrmNThisworkwasmotivatedbythepotentialapplicationOftheerosionofplungepoolsdownstreamofdamscausedbysubmergedwaterjets.TheerosionorscourofplungepoolsoccursatthePointofajetimpact.Thescourprocesshasbeeninvestigatedformanyyears.Thescourdepthestimatedfromformulasdevelopedoveryears,however,indicatesawidevariation(MasonandArumugam,l985)-Mostoftheseformulasinvolveanexpressioninwhichscourdepthisafunctionofthedischargeperunitwidth,theheaddropandthechar-acteristicsizeofthebedmaterial.Arecentin…