薄层层析法测定高级醇环氧乙烷加成物的组成分布

高级醇环氧乙烷加成物是一类重要的非离子表面活性剂。它是以憎水性原料高级醇同亲水性原料环氧乙烷进行加成反应而制成的。由于环氧乙烷的平均加成数((?))及其加成物的分布不同,对表面活性剂的亲憎平衡值有较大的影响。因此,生产上需要建立一种简便、快速的测定方法。本文用薄层层析法测定高级醇环氧乙烷加成物的组成分布,并研究了展开方法、展开剂、显色方法等条件对测定结果的影响。     

仲醇环氧乙烷加成物的合成

仲醇环氧乙烷加成物的合成０引言仲醇的环氧乙烷加成物是１９６４美国Ｕ－ｍｉｏｎｃａｒｂｉｄｅ公司以Ｔｅｒｇｉｔｏｌ－１５Ｓ首先工业化的，作为多功能表面活性剂主要用于工业。原料醇是由正构烷烃的液相氧化反应合成，因此与以前的伯醉不同，气味和颜色较差，研究认...     

高级醇环氧乙烷加成物分子量分布和折光指数的关系新解(摘要)

<正> 高级醇环氧乙烷加成物分子中环氧乙烷的平均加成数是生产应用中的关键控制指标。为寻找一种快速方便的分析方法,有人研究了折光指数与加成物平均加成数的关系,发现折光指数虽然也能用来与平均加成数关联,但重现性较差,一般认为这是由于折光指数受起始醇影响较大所引起。本文研究了     

SN－107水处理剂的合成与应用

按特定的配比制备的丙二醇环氧乙烷环氧丙烷加成物，对沉积于管壁的淤渣有很好的去除和分散能力     

聚氧乙烯月桂酰醇胺的研究

本文采用月挂酸与氨气反应,制备月桂酰胺,又应用正交试验法确定了月桂酰胺与环氧乙烷加成的较佳工艺条件,并进行了不同加成数聚氧乙烯月桂酰醇胺的制备。通过测定,找出了环氧乙烷加成数与表面物性间的关系。     

环氧加成物的色谱分析

详细介绍了环加成物中残余物的分析，测试及校正因子 可供加成过程中作中间生产控制的参考。     

桐酸甲酯酚类加成物的合成及表征

研究了桐酸甲酯和酚类的加成反应，研究表明，桐酸甲酯和酚类加成可得桐酸甲酯酚加成物。对该反应中的催化剂种类和用量、反应时间、反应温度、反应原料选择和配比作了系统的分析，找出了理想的反应条件。ＨＰＬ－ＭＳ分析表明，桐酸甲酯和酚以等摩尔加成物为主要产物，ＩＲ分析表明，桐酸甲酯加成至苯酚的对位。     

环氧树脂胺加成物的合成及其固化性能研究

研究了环氧树脂二乙撑三胺加成物的合成、性能，结果表明合成温度宜为75－85℃，在控制反应热释放的条件下可向胺中直接加入环氧树脂。加成物能在室温快速固化E51环氧树脂并得到综合性能良好的固化产物，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对固化反应活性的影响有化学控制与扩散控制2个方面。     

本体法合成HDI-TMP加成物工艺

本体法合成了六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)与三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)的加成物作为聚氨酯胶粘剂的固化剂。通过对反应产物-NCO含量和粘度的测定,考察了反应温度、催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)用量、HDI与TMP物质的量比对加成产物性能的影响,并由凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和红外光谱(FT-IR)表征了产物组成和结构特征,获得本体法合成物HDI-TMP加成较佳工艺:n(HDI)∶n(TMP)=9∶1(即n(-NCO)∶n(-OH)=6∶1),催化剂DBTDL用量为0.05%(按TMP质量计),反应温度80℃,反应时间3h,即可制备出HDI-TMP理想加成物含量占总加成物52.66%的低粘度产物。     

HDI-TMP加成物的合成

研究了耐候性聚氨酯涂料固化剂六亚甲基二异氰酸酯-三羟甲基丙烷(HDI-TMP)加成物的合成工艺。通过对反应产物NCO含量和粘度的测定,考察了TMP中水分含量、反应温度、反应时间、HDI与TMP摩尔比、催化剂对加成产物的影响。实验表明,TMP中水分对加成产物粘度影响很大,因此TMP需进行脱水处理;HDI-TMP加成物合成最佳工艺条件为:催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)用量0.05%,HDI与TMP的摩尔比≥3.15,反应温度80℃,反应时间3h,可获得低粘度HDI-TMP加成物。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.