基于FPGA的在线重构设计方法

为了解决SRAM型FPGA和配置存储器中存在的单粒子反转现象导致的FPGA工作异常和配置失败问题,同时满足FPGA类产品在总装后可以通过和地面通信接口实现远程更新的需求,提出了三种基于Xilinx FPGA的软件重构方法。对于7 系列以下FPGA,采用ASIC在线重构技术,通过JTAG和SPI接口控制配置存储器读写实现在线重构,该方法简单,适用于多板卡应用场景;对于7系列FPGA,采用MultiBoot多镜像技术实现多镜像启动,通过直接更新M镜像的方式实现在线重构功能,该方法不需要外部控制芯片,电路简单,设计方便,适用于单芯片控制场合;针对ZYNQ类芯片,利用其内部的BootROM和FSBL功能,在配置存储器中通过多镜像方式实现在线重构设计,适用于高性能应用场景。三种方法保证了FPGA可靠启动,同时具备在线更新功能,可以保证在更新失败的情况下,依然可以运行旧版本或可以重新对其进行配置,增强了系统的安全性和可靠性。     

基于GoAhead与JTAG的FPGA/CPLD/PROM远程配置方法

提出了一种基于GoAhead嵌入式web服务器和JTAG总线的FPGA/CPLD/PROM器件远程配置方法.设计使用GoAhead嵌入式服务器接收来自以太网的XSVF文件,再由CPU解析并通过JTAG协议对FPGA/CPLD/PROM进行配置文件更新,技术人员可以通过局域网中的任意PC机对目标设备进行远程操作,避免了繁琐而不安全的设备开箱.本方法占用系统硬件资源极少,效果稳定可靠,可作为各类通信设备中FPGA/CPLD/PROM器件的ISP方案,也可方便的用在旧设备的升级改造中.     

基于网络的FPGA测试服务系统的设计

主要介绍了一种新型的基于网络的FPGA远程测试服务系统的原理及其实现方法。该系统建立在以逻辑分析仪及动态探头的综合应用为核心的仪器测控网络的基础上,实现了较为完善的FPGA远程测试功能。该系统的应用,可以使用户通过网络远程对被测的FPGA设备进行数据测试、数据分析及更新程序重新装载,从而实现远程快速FPGA程序的验证及修正工作。     

内置Crossbar软核的多FPGA系统通用远程更新

针对多FPGA远程更新系统中上位机接口单一,以及多个副板卡FPGA接口单一且不一致导致的FPGA远程更新复杂问题,提出了基于Crossbar的多系统FPGA通用远程更新设计,以主板卡FPGA内置的Crossbar总线交互结构为基础,搭建了以UART、Eth100和USB2.0作为上位机接口,UART、SRIO和Aurora作为主副板卡之间接口的远程更新系统。通过上位机进行Crossbar寄存器配置,使得任意输入端接口均可连接至某一输出端接口,即上位机可通过任意接口类型对某一副板卡FPGA进行远程更新,且可以同时操作。测试结果表明,该系统通用性和实用性强、便于移植,且可同步更新多个FPGA,在工程应用中起到了重要作用。     

一种全新的FPGA多版本程序加载方法

针对机载平台小型化设计带来的FPGA多版本程序加载问题，提出了一种全新的FPGA多版本程序加载方法。基于“MCU+CPLD+FPGA”的硬件架构，采用在线更新+连续存储的方式进行多版本程序固化，采用ICAP3软复位启动引导方式实现任意地址段FPGA版本程序的启动。通过多重握手机制确保了程序加载的可靠性。该方案硬件实现简单，相比传统方式，可存储的FPGA程序版本有了大幅提升，且已在多个工程中成功应用。     

基于以太网的FPGA远程调试系统设计

基于FPGA主控制器的系统，由于其高度定制化的特点，程序版本一旦固定，后期维护调试极其困难。系统采用FPGA MicroBlaze软核处理器实现TCP/IP协议栈，通过以太网传输升级文件，实现FPGA模块的实时在线更新，完成远程调试所需的远程指令注入和数据远程上传。该系统通过以太网方式，能够脱离传统的调试方法，在设备现场人工不参与的情况下实现远程设备调试，减少了维护成本。采用该方法的系统具有可靠、配置速度快、无需重启等特点，也可用于云计算、实时仿真等其他方向。     

基于C8051Fxxx单片机在线编程技术的设计与实现

C8051Fxxx单片机仅支持JTAG编程方式,在系统状态下进行模块的软件升级比较困难。通过利用该芯片程序存储器(片内FLASH)支持在系统写操作的特性,设计了一种在线编程的方法,使其通过RS232总线即可在系统外部实现模块软件的更新升级。     

一种基于PCIe总线的SPIFlash内FPGA程序在线更新方法

本文针对SPIFlash内FPGA程序更新的问题,设计了一种不需要拆机,不需要增加额外硬件电路,上位机CPU模块通过PCIe总线即可实现SPIFlash内FPGA程序的在线更新方法。本方法通过设置FPGA程序的生成方式,生成一个固定版本和一个升级版本,并将两个版本程序合并成一个烧录文件烧录到FLASH中,在线更新仅对SPIFlash中的升级版本进行更新,FPGA上电配置时默认从升级版本加载程序,若升级版本更新失败或数据有误,FPGA的配置机制会自动加载固定版本的程序,不影响设备正常工作,并且通过设计在线更新界面,可实现在线一键更新FLASH内的FPGA程序,操作简单,高效快捷。     

利用PowerPC对多片FPGA并行配置的设计与实现

为了克服JTAG等常用FPGA配置方式存在的下载速度慢等缺点,设计了一种利用PowerPC对多片FPGA进行并行配置的方案。借助PowerPC通用输入/输出口产生控制逻辑,利用其本地总线并行下载配置数据。该方案可以选择8 bit、16 bit以及32 bit位宽下载方式,依次实现对多片FPGA的并行配置。经实测,利用JTAG口对XC6VSX475T芯片进行配置需要48 s,而采用本方案可将配置时间缩短至1 s左右,大大缩短了配置时间。     

使用DS89C450对Xilinx PROM的在系统编程设计

使用DS89C450型单片机的I/O口实现JTAG通信协议,再用部分I/O口构造片选逻辑,来对一个系统中多片Xilinx Platform Flash PROM进行在系统编程(ISP),以此来更新对应的FPGA的配置数据。同时,DS89C450通过在应用编程(IAP)来更新用户代码。将硬件电路设计在背板上,实现插板式机箱结构,方便系统升级。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.