Critical discharge of a spontaneously evaporating liquid from cylindrical channels

A method is proposed for the calculated determination of the critical pressure in the discharge of a spontaneously evaporating saturated liquid through cylindrical channels. The results of the calculation are compared with experimental data.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 30–33, January, 1977.     

Experimental study of an impulse electric discharge with liquid electrodes

Experimental results are presented on transition of a streamer shape multichannel discharge into a multichannel spark discharge. We present current–voltage characteristics of a multichannel streamer discharge at atmospheric and reduced pressures as well as temperature distribution between a plate-like copper electrode and technical water.     

氦气氛高低温环境模拟系统及初调实验

为满足比常规热真空罐快得多的升降温要求,设计和制造了高变温速率的高低温空间环境模拟系统,其特点为舱内非高真空环境,而是充注绝对压力90 kPa氦气,工作温度范围为68-373K.除了有与热真空罐相同的辐射传热,更重要的是允许舱内有自然对流甚至强制对流传热,从而大大加快传热速度,特别是在接近目标温度时明显减少对被测物的冷却或加热时间.这一特性使得该新型高低温系统在结构上存在与常规热真空罐本质的区别.其优点除了升降温速率大外,内部温度均匀性也得到提升.     

Steady-state temperature field of a wall with cylindrical cooling channels

The Bubnov-Galerkin method is combined with the structural method worked out by Rvachev to solve the problem of the steady-state temperature field of a wall with cylindrical cooling channels in a two-row arrangement.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 355–359, February, 1976.     

The turbulent diffusion combustion of a gas in a cylindrical chamber

The turbulent diffusion combustion of a gas jet in a surrounding air flow bounded by the walls of a cylindrical chamber is studied theoretically and experimentally. A generalized universal equation is obtained for the coefficient of completeness of burning in the chamber as a function of the parameters of the geometry and modes of operationTranslated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 447–455, September, 1969.     

The ion energy distributions and ion flux composition from a high power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge

The energy distribution of sputtered and ionized metal atoms as well as ions from the sputtering gas is reported for a high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) discharge. High power pulses were applied to a conventional planar circular magnetron Ti target. The peak power on the target surface was 1-2 kW/cm² with a duty factor of about 0.5%. Time resolved, and time averaged ion energy distributions were recorded with an energy resolving quadrupole mass spectrometer. The ion energy distributions recorded for the HIPIMS discharge are broader with maximum detected energy of 100 eV and contain a larger fraction of highly energetic ions (about 50% with E_i > 20 eV) as compared to a conventional direct current magnetron sputtering discharge. The composition of the ion flux was also determined, and reveals a high metal fraction. During the most intense moment of the discharge, the ionic flux consisted of approximately 50% Ti¹⁺, 24% Ti²⁺, 23% Ar¹⁺, and 3% Ar²⁺ ions.     

无机膜在高温气体除尘中的试验研究

用α-Al2O3无机膜,研制了无机膜高温气体除尘的实验装置,并进行了有关的数据测试.结果表明,无机膜分离技术用于高温气体除尘领域是可行的,其总除尘效率大于99.7%,对0.1μm以上粉尘的分级除尘效率为100%.为该领域的深入研究提供了有价值的参考.     

Experimental and calculated study of laminar flow of a compressible gas in short channels with cooled walls

The method and results are presented for an experimental determination of the pressure distribution in short cylindrical and conical channels with cooled walls during the laminar flow of a compressible gas. A calculation of this flow is made using the simplified Navier-Stokes equations and the experimental and calculated pressure distributions are compared.     

Experimental study concerning the kinetics of water vapor condensation on a cylindrical surface in a rarefied gas

Results are shown of a study concerning the distribution of solid condensate on a cold cylinder surface under a vapor-gas pressure within the 10 < p_s < 10³ N/m² range.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 42–50, July, 1972.     

The two-dimensional structure of the Penning discharge in a cylindrical chamber with axial magnetic field at a pressure of about 1 Torr

The stationary Penning discharge has been numerically simulated using the diffusion–drift model in the pressure range p = 0.5–5 Torr at emf E of 100 and 200 V. The two-dimensional electrodynamic-discharge structure has been investigated in the calculation region between a cylindrical anode and two flat disk cathodes. Configurations of the discharge plasma and averaged azimuthal motion rates of electrons and ions have been obtained. The evolution of the plasma configuration at a change in pressure, emf, and magneticfield induction is discussed.     

Experimental study of diffuser channels with a near-separating turbulent boundary layer

Results of experimental studies are shown concerning the aerodynamic characteristics of diffusers with the transition profile designed for a near-separating turbulent boundary layer. The test results are shown to agree closely with calculations.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 518–523, September, 1971.The author thanks A. S. Ginevskii for assistance in carrying out this work.     

A model of nonlinear ion drift spectrometry for gas detectors with separating chamber of cylindrical geometry

A model of nonlinear ion drift spectrometry for modern gas analyzers with separating chamber of cylindrical geometry is developed. In this case, a peak in the ionogram corresponds to the appearance of a limit cycle in the space of trajectories of the dynamical system. The experimentally observed ion beam focusing is theoretically calculated. For the separating voltage described by a piecewise constant function and the nonlinear mobility component described by a simple model, the shape of ionograms is determined and an analytical expression for the compensating voltage as a function of the separating field is obtained.     

Influence of the blowoff of boundary gas from the discharge chamber of a plasmatron on the parameters of the jet

The results of an experimental investigation of the parameters of an argon jet heated in a plasmatron with an anode permitting the removal of part of the cool gas from the discharge chamber are presented.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol.52, No. 1, pp. 141–148, January, 1987.     

盘管式冷冻柜压缩机排气温度过高问题的分析及试验研究

盘管式冷冻柜因结构限制,在蒸发器盘管设计要求较长的情况下,会直接造成蒸发温度下降,压缩机吸气压力降低,最终导致压缩终点排气温度升高。针对压缩机排气温度过高问题进行理论分析,并进行验证,提出最终解决方案,从而对该制冷系统进行优化设计。     

Experimental study on the performance of a vapor injection high temperature heat pump

In this study, a vapor injection technique was applied in a high temperature heat pump (HTHP) for providing hot water at temperatures up to 88 °C. A prototype HTHP system with economizer vapor injection was developed and its performance was experimentally investigated under various operating conditions. Results showed that the vapor injection pressure had a large effect on heating capacity and on refrigerant temperature at the inlet of the electronic expansion valve (EEV). As the injection pressure increased from 0.82 to 0.98 MPa, the vapor injection flow ratio increased from 7.3% to 22.61% and the heating capacity increased by 7%. The system COP did not show significant change although the COP trend showed an optimal value for the injection pressure. The refrigerant temperature at the EEV inlet showed a subcooling of more than 16 °C under all studied conditions, which improved the EEV operating reliability.     

Experimental verification of a Monte-Carlo simulation of the gas density in a vacuum chamber

An investigation was performed to check the results of a Monte-Carlo simulation of the gas density variations inside a vacuum chamber used for calibration purposes. The simulations revealed variations of up to 0.33% between gas densities at different calibration gauge ports. In total seven spinning rotor gauges were used to detect the differences experimentally. The mean values of the differences that could be determined with an uncertainty of 0.1% of the mean gas density only are consistent with the results of the Monte-Carlo simulation and give confidence in the simulation overall.     

Experimental study of a heterogeneous plasma flow in a reactor with a multijet mixing chamber

Results of opticospectroscopic measurements of a plasma flow containing particles of different materials (Al₂O₃₃, SiO₂, kaolin, phosphorite, and chamotte sand) at the outlet of the mixing chamber of a plasma reactor are reported.     

Experimental study of heat transfer in an electric arc gas heater with vortex stabilization of the discharge

The results of an experimental investigation into heat transfer in the discharge chamber of an electric-arc gas heater are presented. For the anode the resultant data are expressed in the form of generalized relationships q_an=f(I, d), St=f(l/d, Re, N/GH₀). The energy losses in the basic arc spot are estimated.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 76–81, January, 1971.     

Experimental study of temperature fields and heat fluxes in the chamber of an electric arc heater

An experimental study is made of the distribution of temperatures and heat fluxes in the wall of the outer electrode of an electric arc gas heater with coaxially located electrodes.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 122–128, January, 1974.