一种基于高维混沌系统的彩色图像加密新算法

根据高维混沌系统具有更高安全性的特点,提出一种基于统一混沌系统和广义猫映射的彩色图像加密新算法。该算法先利用广义猫映射分别实现空域彩色图像三基色置乱变换,然后由统一混沌系统输出的三维混沌序列分别实现空域彩色图像三基色逐像素替代变换。研究结果表明,该算法具有良好的像素值混淆、扩散性能和较大的抵抗强力攻击的密钥空间,加密图像像素值具有类随机均匀分布特性,且相邻像素的值具有零相关特性,证明了所提出方案具有较高的安全性。     

基于多维混沌系统组合的图像加密新算法

提出了基于多维混沌系统同时对图像像素位置置乱和像素值加密的新算法。利用广义Arnold映射对图像像素位置进行置乱;利用三维Liu混沌系统产生的混沌序列得到整数密钥序列,对置乱图像像素值逐个进行加密。实验表明这种加密算法具有密钥空间大、安全性高的优越性,加密图像像素值具有类随机均匀分布特性,相邻像素具有零相关特性。     

一种基于统一混沌系统的图像加密新算法

提出了一种新的基于统一混沌系统的图像加密新算法。首先,利用统一混沌系统的二维序列排序后的位置编号置乱图像像素位置。然后引进三个辅助密钥,将统一混沌系统输出的三维混沌序列两两异或后得到的混沌密钥序列对置乱图像进行逐像素加密。实验和分析结果表明：算法具有良好的像素值混淆和扩散性能,具有抵抗强力攻击的足够大密钥空间,加密图像像素值具有类随机均匀分布特性,且相邻像素具有零相关特性。这些结果表明了所提出方案的安全性很高。     

基于多混沌的彩色图像加密算法研究

针对混沌系统产生的混沌序列具有遍历性、伪随机性、对初始条件（值）和系统参数敏感以及具有类似白噪声等特点,提出了一种利用多个混沌系统结合的方法对彩色图像进行加密的算法。首先利用Arnold变换对图像进行像素置换,然后利用统一混沌系统对图像像素加密处理,在加密的过程中利用Logistic混沌系统对统一混沌系统序列进行乱序处理。仿真结果证明,该图像加密算法具有密钥空间大,保密性好,加密速度快和加密强度高等优点。     

基于高维混沌系统组合的图像加密新算法

提出了一种基于高维混沌系统组合的图像加密算法。该算法首先利用广义猫映射对图像进行置乱,然后利用Lorenz系统对置乱后的图像进行替代变换。研究结果表明,该算法具有良好的像素值混淆、扩散性能和较大抵抗强力攻击的密钥空间,加密图像像素值具有类随机均匀分布特性,且相邻像素的值具有零相关特性。这些结果表明所提出的方案具有较高安全性。     

一种新的基于双混沌系统的图像加密方案

提出了一种新的基于双混沌系统的图像加密方案。把Chen’s系统和Logistic映射结合起来产生随机性更加良好的三维混沌密钥序列,并从密钥序列中通过采样提取出新的用于加密的序列。提出了图像置乱算法和替代加密算法,利用Logistic映射产生的一维混沌序列来实现像素位置的置乱,像素值加密算法采用按分组进行加密和二次加密来对像素值进行加密。通过实验测试表明：算法具有良好的像素值混淆和扩散性能,有较强的抗统计攻击的能力和足够大的密钥空间,加密图像像素值具有类随机均匀分布特性,且相邻像素具有零相关特性。这些结果表明了所提出方案有很高的安全性。     

一种带有随机扰动的混沌系统对彩图的加密方案

基于矩阵变换的图像加密方案,提出一种对混沌系统进行扰动的彩色图像加密新方法,并对该加密方案进行了统计分析,密钥空间和敏感性分析,序列随机性分析。实验结果表明加密图像像素值具有类随机均匀分布特性,算法具有强大的可抵抗攻击的密钥空间,安全性高。     

一种基于Logistic混沌系统的图像加密新算法

文章提出了一种新的基于混沌映射的加密算法，将图像的像素值换算为二进制，然后利用混沌序列对其某几位变换来实现加密。该方法不需要对轨道分布的先验知识，不只适用于Logistic混沌系统，而且很好地利用了混沌的特性。实验结果表明，该算法密钥敏感、密钥空间大，可有效保障加密图像的安全。同时研究了加密图像直方图的安全性。     

结合小波变换与混沌键控的视频加密算法

针对视频加密难以平衡安全性和实时性需求的问题,提出小波变换与混沌键控相结合的视频加密算法。该算法选取三维细胞神经网络系统、三维罗斯勒系统和三维陈系统作为密钥源;混沌系统的初始值、密钥的选取和密文的像素值均与明文视频有关。在置乱加密过程中采用小波变换技术,使每一帧的数据处理量减少了75%。经实验表明,该算法的密钥敏感性和明文敏感性强,密钥空间大,统计特性完全被打破,信息熵接近于理想值,具有良好的通用性、并行性、抗噪性和抗剪裁性。小波变换和混沌键控加密技术,以及"扩散"和"一次一密"加密思想的运用,有效地平衡了加密算法安全性和实时性的关系,具有一定的实用价值。     

基于小波变换的抗退化混沌图像加密算法

针对图像加密普遍存在高复杂度和安全性差的问题,结合抗退化混沌系统和小波变换,设计一种图像加密算法。利用Lorenz混沌系统,进行抗退化处理,生成混沌序列;使用小波变换,通过混沌序列对各子带系数进行置乱处理,同时对低频子带系数做扩散处理,小波逆变换后得到初始加密图像;对初始加密图像进行像素值的扩散和像素间耦合加密得到最终加密图像。仿真结果表明,该算法的密钥空间大,密钥敏感性强,可以抵抗各种攻击,具有较高的安全性和实用性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.