双F-P型高温/应变复合光纤传感器

针对机电设备多状态监测的需求,提出了一种新双F-P腔光纤温度/应变复合传感模型。该光纤复合传感器采用纯石英光纤作为材料,通过化学腐蚀法及使用准直毛细管制作了双F-P腔,分别用以温度和应变测量,并对制作的传感器进行了传感性能的模拟仿真和实验验证。实验结果表明:该双F-P腔光纤复合传感器测量的最高温度为1 000℃,温度灵敏度为10.998 pm/℃,满量程温度测量误差小于2%;该双F-P腔光纤复合传感器测量的最大应变为10 000με,应变灵敏度为3.268μm/με,应变测量误差小于2%。所提出的双F-P腔温度/应变光纤复合传感器实现了温度和应变的同时测量,可用于机电装备同一位置的温度、应变测量。     

用于低温环境的铂电阻温度微传感器

目前,铂电阻温度传感器主要应用于73 K(-200℃)以上环境的温度检测。设计了可用于10 K(-263℃)～200 K(-73℃)低温区的铂电阻温度微传感器。铂电阻温度微传感器采用对称的折回型结构,这种结构有效地降低了交流感抗的影响。传感器的敏感薄膜是一层采用磁控直流溅射沉积厚度为200 nm的铂薄膜。采用QD PPMS仪器测试传感器的电阻与温度的变化关系,得出传感器的电阻温度系数(TCR):研制的温度传感器的电阻温度系数在温度高于30K(-243℃)时可达到9980×10-6/K,同时在低于30K(-243℃)的深低温区域TCR也可达到3730×10-6/K。     

MEMS光纤法珀压力传感器的设计及解调方法实现

基于外界压力引起敏感膜片形变导致腔长变化来实现压力信号传感的原理,提出了一种MEMS光纤法珀压力传感器的设计,建立了传感器敏感膜片的挠度变化与膜厚、半径及施加压力的关系理论模型,并在此基础上进行了膜片的MATLAB二维数值仿真和Comsol Multiphysics三维数值仿真,并完成了FP压力敏感头的制作,进而设计了能够应用于光纤传感的解调方法,搭建了光纤传感的压力测试系统并进行了相关实验,利用所设计的解调方法对实验数据进行处理,进而对压力传感器的性能及特性进行了测试和验证。实验结果表明,传感器测试曲线线性度良好,与数值仿真结果基本一致,在100 kPa的量程范围内其灵敏度可达62.3 nm/kPa,温度敏感系数为0.023μm/℃,测量精度3.93%,且最小压强分辨率为1.29 kPa,证实了该MEMS光纤法珀压力传感系统具有一定的可行性。     

一类耐高压电涡流位移传感器的温度补偿研究

电涡流传感器的温度漂移制约了其测试精度,因此需要给以温度补偿;理论分析出导致传感器温度漂移的主要原因在于线圈电阻的温度系数过大,因此提出采用无感线圈进行补偿的方法,并给出了设计实例;实验表明该方法在20～90℃温度范围内补偿效果良好,温度稳定性达到0.7%;该方法简单、有效且成本低,可扩展应用于其他类型电涡流传感器.     

用铈锆固溶体制备新型氧浓差型氧传感器

利用氧化铈—氧化锆固溶体储氧材料的储氧特性,使其作为固态氧分压参考层,制备了一种新型的用于监测汽车尾气排放的氧浓差型氧传感器,克服了传统浓差型氧传感器制作工艺复杂、成本高、不便于微型化的缺点。该传感器结构由钇稳定的氧化锆电解质、氧化铈—氧化锆固溶体氧分压固态参考层和铂电极组成。利用N2和O2的混合气体来模拟尾气对其分别在工作温度350,400,450℃进行测试,发现在空燃比为1附近电势发生突变,突变电势范围为520~-100mV。     

炭黑/硅橡胶导电复合薄膜传感特性研究

利用溶剂法工艺成功制作了炭黑/硅橡胶导电复合薄膜(厚度约0.1mm),对其进行了拉伸、压缩及温度敏感性试验。测试结果表明,试样具有优良的拉-敏传感特性,随着拉伸变形的增大(应变达到25%)试样电阻不断增大,且电阻-应变之间具有较好的线性关系。压缩过程中,随着压力的增大(压力达到30MPa)试样电阻增大,两者同样具有较好的线性关系。温敏试验表明,试样电阻随温度的下降而降低,且趋势相似。研究结果表明,薄膜结构的炭黑/硅橡胶导电复合材料具有优良的传感特性。     

用于脉搏波检测的背接触式触觉传感阵列单元

触觉传感器在脉搏波测量、仿生机器人等领域有重要应用。该方案制作背接触式传感器,并通过转移工艺实现芯片加工和圆片级芯片尺寸封装一体化,用组装工艺低成本实现大面积柔性触觉阵列,采用模块化设计,正压力与剪切力传感单元的尺寸和布线相同,制作可组装的标准单元,在传感器转移工艺中,采用无电极化学腐蚀自停止工艺,提高成品率。传感单元尺寸仅为300μｍ×300μｍ,与人类触觉传感的极限可比拟,灵敏度为2mV/10kPa,量程为150kPa,已用于研制新型脉诊仪的柔性传感阵列?实现了脉搏波的实时测量。     

压阻式高温压力传感器温度补偿与信号调理设计与测试

设计制作了一种集成信号调理电路的高温压阻式压力传感器,包含倒装式的压敏敏片、无源电阻温度补偿电路和信号调理电路组成;压敏芯片的制作采用SOI材料和MEMS标准工艺,温度补偿和信号调理电路采用高温电子元件;试验表明,无源电阻温度补偿具有显著的效果;此外,采用了高温信号调理电路来提高传感器的输出灵敏度,通过温度补偿来降低输出灵敏度;与传统的经验算法相比,所提出的无源电阻温度补偿技术具有更小的温度漂移,在220℃条件下传感器输出灵敏度为4.93 mV/100 kPa,传感器灵敏度为总体测量精度为±2%FS;此外,由于柔性传感器的输出电压可调,因此不需要使用一般的电压转换器随动压力变送器,这大大降低了测试系统的成本,有望在恶劣环境下的压力测量中得到高度应用。     

氮化硅薄膜传感器的平面加工工艺研究

介绍一种以氮化硅薄膜为压力敏感膜、多晶硅为电阻应变计的压力传感器。该压力传感器先后采用2种不同的平面加工工艺进行加工,实际结果表明:改进后的工艺比较好。通过采用对称分布在一个敏感膜上的4只多晶硅电阻应变计串联组成惠斯通电桥的一个桥臂,减少桥臂电阻的制作误差。制作传感器样品并对传感器的电压输出特性进行了测试。测试结果表明:恒流激励的传感器的电压输出特性非常好,传感器具有过载保护功能。     

LC谐振式压力传感器的高温关键参数研究

无线无源高温压力传感器在高温、高压等恶劣环境中应用日益广泛,其耐高温性能已成为衡量传感器的一项最基本且重要的指标。利用低温共烧陶瓷LTCC(Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic)技术,分别设计和制作了陶瓷基片上电感及电容器件,并进行高温特性测试,通过讨论和分析确定了造成电感和电容随温度变化的原因。测试结果表明:在100℃~500℃温度范围内,电感L基本保持不变,等效串联电阻R增大了2.7倍,电容C增大了5.3%,从而LC谐振传感器的品质因数Q减小了72.8%。该测试及分析对高温环境下基于LC谐振式压力传感器的优化设计具有重要的指导意义。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.