共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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ABSTRACT The Southeastern Anatolia Project-GAP is an integrated regional development project implemented in southeast Turkey. The project cows all development-related sectors such as agriculture, industry, health care, education. tourism, transportation, and telecommunications. Water resources development is one most important component of the project. Rational use of water is the goal in every aspect of development, be it hydropower, irrigation, or flood control. To complement the efforts to optimize water use in irrigated agriculture, a project has been carried out in regard to on-farm equipment and management of water. This paper describes several equipment and management combinations, applied to a very large irrigation area. ranging from gravity to sprinkler irrigation, and from upstream to downstream control of water. Five different applications are analyzed in this study along with their technical, economic, and operational merits and disadvantages. The project area is selected in the Sanliurfa-Harran Plains, the largest one-piece scheme to be opened to irrigation in GAP It is owned and cultivated by private farmers, and as such, it is expected to act as a large-scale, real-world laboratory to test different irrigation practices in actual conditions. 相似文献
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如何将农业耕作措施的改进同节水灌溉结合起来,使有限的水资源发挥更大的潜力,在一定土地面积上生产更多更好的农产品,满足人民群众日益增长的物质需要,合理的种植模式和先进的耕种方法显得尤为重要。通过对汾河灌区传统模式和耕作习惯利弊的分析研究,提出采用科学的耕作模型和节水灌溉方法,以保证农业和水资源的可持续利用。 相似文献
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Mohamed Hakim Kharrou Michel Le Page Ahmed Chehbouni Vincent Simonneaux Salah Er-Raki Lionel Jarlan Lahcen Ouzine Said Khabba Ghani Chehbouni 《Water Resources Management》2013,27(13):4697-4714
The irrigation performance criteria of equity and adequacy are of primary concern for irrigation managers. The input data required at various scales to assess irrigation performance, often not available, need costly intensive field campaigns. Remote sensing techniques, used to directly estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc), became recently an attractive option to assess irrigation performance from individual fields to irrigation scheme or river basin scale. In this study, ETc maps were obtained by combining the FAO-56 dual approach with relationships between crop biophysical variables and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), using high spatial resolution time series of SPOT and Landsat images. This approach was applied for 2002/2003 growing season in Haouz plain, Morocco. Remote sensing-based indicators, reflecting equity and adequacy of the irrigation water delivery were estimated. Adequacy was determined according to Relative Irrigation supply (RIS), Depleted Fraction (DF) and Relative Evapotranspiration (RET) and equity according to the coefficient of variation of ETc. The analysis of these indicators exhibits a great variability among fields. Variability in irrigation performance at all levels, associated factors and possible improvements are discussed. This study demonstrates how remote sensing-based estimates of water consumption provide better estimates of irrigation performance at different scales than the traditional field survey methods. 相似文献
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在阐述EM的功效、我国污水处理和污水灌溉中存在的主要问题以及EM处理有机污水机理的基础上 ,对我国应用EM处理有机废水和污水灌溉作了展望 .提出今后要在进一步弄清EM污水处理机理、规范其有效使用方法的前提下 ,扩大EM技术在污水处理、污水农业灌溉等方面的推广应用 ,创造出符合中国国情的EM应用技术及工艺 相似文献
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Jin F. Wang Guo D. Cheng Yi G. Gao Ai H. Long Zhong M. Xu Xin Li Hongyan Chen Tom Barker 《Water Resources Management》2008,22(2):239-258
Areas of water shortage comprise many smaller sub-areas into which water is transported from external sources. Fairness and
efficiency of distribution are overriding principles. Each local area requires adequate water for community and ecological
purposes as well as a supply sufficient to maximise economic growth. Within arid and semi-arid areas, there are conflicts
between the sub-areas and between these three types of water use, which can erupt into violent confrontations between different
user groups. This study has developed a dynamic model for equitable distribution of water in water-shortage areas and aims
to optimally satisfy the requirements of each locality, given limited supplies, and to maximise the total economic benefit
of the entire area. The Heihe River Basin in northwest China was chosen as the area for the pilot study. 相似文献
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滴灌在高效节水农业工程中的应用设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
滴灌在严重缺水地区应用非常有效,文章以新疆地区昭苏县农业灌溉项目为例,对滴灌设计的各过程进行了详细论述,在进行高新节水技术设计时具有一定的借鉴和参考作用。 相似文献
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M. Dinesh Kumar 《国际水》2013,38(3):341-345
Abstract Situated in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, the Guadalquivir river basin's irrigation systems suffer from frequent water shortage due to the shortfall in this basin's average hydrological balance. Viable solutions are non-existent in the Spanish hydrological planning framework, neither in the Guadalquivir river basin nor in what the National Hydrological Plan (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, 2001) has to offer. Therefore, it is necessary to turn to economic tools in order to find solutions, which will affect the demand or the reallocation of resources. In this study, a method that calculates the water productivity of an irrigation system and compares the result with the water cost paid by farmers is proposed and put into practice. The economic viability of resource reallocation and the application of the cost recovery principle can be studied using this data and can help with the more efficient use of water resources. 相似文献
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宁蒙引黄灌区节水途径初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据宁蒙灌区的自然地理条件、社会经济发展水平和灌区工程等情况,分析了灌区目前存在的主要问题,指出了该区节水灌溉的主要途径:采取以渠系改造为中心的工程技术措施;发展以地面灌溉为中心的先进灌溉技术;积极发展井渠双灌,充分利用当地水源;向多种节水型技术扩展;建立节水示范区等。 相似文献
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Water Resources Management - Aiming at revealing the nonlinear relations between rainfall, crop water requirement and irrigation water in the irrigation district, and improving the accuracy of... 相似文献
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陈丹 《河南水利与南水北调》2022,51(1):22-23
以某地区2007-2016年灌溉用水水利用效率为研究对象,分析其变化规律及提出相应的节水改造对策,主要得到以下成果:2007-2012年,该区域的大型灌区水利用效率呈直线增加,2012-2016年,增加速率较缓;2007-2013年,该区域的中型灌区水利用效率由0.4918增加至0.5320,增加了8.17%,2007-2010年,该区域的小型灌区水利用效率变化较大,2007-2016年,该区域纯井灌区水利用效率逐渐增大;通过有效的管理水资源的利用及对农户的教育可以有效提高灌区水利用效率;建设节水减水工程、改变灌溉方式可以提高水资源的利用效率;通过采用深层耕种、覆膜或秸秆覆盖等方式可以提高土壤的保水能力. 相似文献
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漳河灌区节水灌溉投资效益评价的分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
水利的基础地位、发展需要及根据水利自身的特点发展水利经济的内容,决定水利工程所需的投资及其效益。从保障湖北省漳河灌区节水灌溉投资效益评价的合理化,对漳河灌区节水灌溉投资效益评价进行分析。 相似文献
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The objective of this article is to assess the potential for potable water savings in office buildings located in Florianópolis, southern Brazil. The embodied energy of four alternatives to reduce potable water demand, i.e., rainwater harvesting, greywater reuse, dual-flush toilets and water-saving taps, was also assessed. The analyses took into account the potable water end-uses for ten buildings. The potential for potable water savings by using rainwater, as well as, the rainwater tank sizing were estimated using computer simulation. As for greywater reuse, it was considered that greywater from lavatory taps could be treated and reused to flush toilets. The potential for potable water savings by using water-saving plumbing fixtures was estimated by considering the replacement of toilets and taps. In order to estimate the embodied energy in the main components, each system was dimensioned and embodied energy indices were applied. The main result is that the potential for potable water savings by using dual-flush toilets ranges from 21.6 % to 57.4 %; by reusing greywater, it ranges from 6.8 % to 38.4 %; by using rainwater, it ranges from 6.1 % to 21.2 %; by using water-saving taps it ranges from 2.7 % to 15.4 %. However, by considering the embodied energy, the average for the ten buildings indicates that dual-flush toilets are the best choice as it is possible to obtain water savings of 5.50 m3/month per GJ of embodied energy, followed, respectively, by water-saving taps, greywater reuse and rainwater usage. The main conclusion is that the assessment of embodied energy should be considered when evaluating potable water savings in buildings as it helps to identify the best alternatives to save more water while causing less environmental impact. 相似文献
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张新柳 《水利与建筑工程学报》2009,7(2)
金子山隧道是宜万铁路8座长大一级风险隧道之一,隧址地形、地貌复杂,地质条件多变,施工中不良地质灾害频发,施工难度很大。以金子山隧道穿越F2岩溶富水破碎带施工为工程背景,详细介绍了隧道穿越该断层破碎带的施工方案。为合理评价隧道的稳定性,在现场监测基础上提出了基于承载体变位分析的位移量(率)评价标准,将这一标准运用到金子山隧道穿越岩溶富水破碎带的施工监测中,取得了较好的效果。 相似文献
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李娜 《水科学与工程技术》2014,(6):69-71
通过划分灌溉区监测典型村庄的灌溉面积、亩均灌水量、灌溉次数的典型点法和划分埋深分区测定不同埋深区电水转换系数的电水转换法,分别对试验区沧县2012年农业灌溉用水量进行了计算。分析了两种计量方法的优点与不足,在实际应用中如两种方法能有效结合,即农业灌溉地表水用水量的计量采用典型点法,地下水用水量的计量采用电水转化法,其计量结果更接近实际。 相似文献