毛用酸性蛋白酶的性质及应用

对诱变菌株固态发酵后所得到酸性蛋白酶的一些性质、保存条件进行了研究。相比于市售的酸性蛋白酶,自制酶在羊毛的降解处理中具有较好的效果。该酶的最适作用pH值是3．5,作用温度是40℃。pH值若高于5．0,酶活力急剧下降。温度高于70℃,酶活力基本上完全丧失。和市售的酸性蛋白酶相比,用该酸性蛋白酶处理氧化预处理后的羊毛,可以得到较大的减量率和较好的细度。     

纺织用酸性蛋白酶的性质及其在羊毛处理中的应用

以蛋白酶水解羊毛的能力来衡量自制酸性蛋白酶的活力，对自制酸性蛋白酶的性质及其在羊毛细化处理中的应用进行研究。发现所用酸性蛋白酶最适作用温度为40℃，最适作用pH值为3．0；一些金属离子在一定条件下可提高蛋白酶的活力，促进蛋白酶对羊毛纤维的减量细化．除温度、pH值外，酶用量、浴比、表面活性剂JFC的用量对蛋白酶水解羊毛的效果也有一定的影响。用所制得的酸性蛋白酶处理64支内蒙古羊毛的最佳条件为温度40℃，pH值3．0，酶用量4％，浴比1：25．JFC0．9％。     

TG酶在修复羊毛损伤中的应用

为了减少羊毛蛋白酶防毡缩造成的损伤,应用TG酶对羊毛织物进行整理,研究TG酶对羊毛损伤的修复作用。结果表明：TG 酶可以修复化学预处理和蛋白酶防毡缩处理对羊毛造成的损伤,使羊毛织物强力增加,碱溶度下降。TG酶可以催化羊毛纤维蛋白质分子内的交联。羊毛的蛋白酶/TG酶联合防毡缩的最佳工艺为: 蛋白酶Sav用量1%（o.w.f.）, 蛋白酶Sav作用时间30min,pH值8~9;TG酶用量2%（o.w.f.）,TG酶作用时间50min,pH值6~7;浴比均为20:1,温度均为50℃,该工艺处理后羊毛织物的毡缩率为2.93%, 强力380.4N,强力损伤控制在7.4%。     

枯草芽孢杆菌B.SUBT12酶学性质研究

考察分离得到的一株产中性蛋白酶枯草芽孢杆菌B.SUBT12最适作用温度、pH值以及温度、pH值、金属离子和表面活性剂对酶稳定性的影响。试验研究表明:该酶最适作用温度为55℃,最适作用pH为7.5,酶在55℃反应45min仍有50%的酶活力,热稳定性较好。金属Ca2+和表面活性剂Tween-80对酶有一定的激活作用,但激活作用不显著。     

浓香型大曲中蛋白酶菌株的分离及酶学性质研究

从浓香型大曲中分离得到1株产蛋白酶优势菌株,并将该菌所产蛋白酶经硫酸铵分级沉淀、透析、吸附树脂处理,得到蛋白酶粗酶。对该酶的最适pH值、pH值稳定性、最适温度、温度稳定性、金属离子影响等进行研究。结果表明,该菌株产蛋白酶的最适pH值为7,pH值稳定性较差;最适温度为40℃,热稳定性随温度增加而降低;金属离子Li+和螯合剂EDTA对该酶具有抑制作用,金属离子Mn2+、Fe3+、Cu2+、K+、Zn2+、Mg2+、Ca2+等均对该酶具有激活作用,其中Zn2+对该酶的激活作用最强。     

酒曲中高蛋白酶产生菌筛选及酶学性质研究

利用脱脂牛奶平板法从宋河酒曲中分离得到6株有明显水解圈的蛋白酶产生菌,其中水解圈直径与菌落直径之比最大为8.84,经鉴定为芽孢杆菌。以此菌种通过发酵培养提取出粗酶液,然后对该蛋白酶的酶学性质进行研究。试验表明,该蛋白酶的最适酶活力温度为40℃,在40℃～50℃热稳定性较好;该蛋白酶最适pH值为11.0,在pH值为9.0～11.0稳定性较好,在pH6.0条件下酶活力很快丧失;金属离子Fe2+对该蛋白酶有激活作用,Cu2+、Zn2+和Pb+有抑制作用,Mg2+、Ca2+和Li+对该蛋白酶酶活性影响不大。     

生物技术产物(HFS)对酸性蛋白酶酶活的影响

探讨生物技术产物HFS对537酸性蛋白酶活力的影响,测定了该酶的最适反应条件(最适温度为55℃,最适pH3),较系统考察了HFS对537酸性蛋白酶温度作用曲线和pH作用曲线的影响。试验结果表明,生物技术产物HFS对537酸性蛋白酶具有较好的激活作用,且不改变酶的最适反应条件。     

曲霉型豆豉酿造中米曲霉产蛋白酶作用条件研究

研究曲霉型豆豉酿造用米曲霉沪酿3.042产蛋白酶在其酿造过程中的最适作用条件。利用大豆豆汁培养基对米曲霉沪酿3.042菌株进行培养,并用(NH4)2SO4溶液对所产蛋白酶进行沉淀,脱盐处理后,研究该酶的最适作用pH及pH稳定性、最适作用温度及热稳定性以及Na Cl浓度对酶活力的影响。结果显示:该蛋白酶最适作用pH为6.0,酶活最高为1941U/m L,在pH为6.0~8.0时稳定性较高;最适作用温度为50℃,酶活为2658U/m L,在40℃以下其酶活力较稳定;Na Cl对淀粉酶酶促反应有明显的抑制作用,随着Na Cl浓度的升高,其抑制效果越明显。     

酿造酱油米曲霉产中性蛋白酶提取与酶学性质研究

对米曲霉菌种F-81所产中性蛋白酶的提取及部分性质进行了研究.结果表明硫酸铵分级沉淀的饱和浓度范围为40%～80%;该中性蛋白酶的最适作用温度为 60 ℃,最适pH 值为 7.0.40 ℃下酶稳定性较好,60℃下处理 20 min,粗酶中几乎检测不到酶活力;中性蛋白酶pH 稳定范围为 6.0～8.0.Km值为2.84 mg/mL;最大反应速度Vmax为0.32 mg/(min·mL).Mg2 对酶活有激活作用,Cu2 、Fe3 、Zn2 、Mn2 不同程度抑制酶活性,其中Cu2 、Fe3 强烈抑制酶活性.     

芽孢杆菌NCB-01胞外蛋白酶酶学特性的初步研究

该实验对来自于渤海海域沉积物的芽孢杆菌NCB-01分泌的胞外蛋白酶的酶学特性进行了初步研究。结果表明,该蛋白酶的最适作用温度为60 ℃,最适pH值为8.0,在50 ℃以下及pH值7.0～9.0的范围内酶稳定性良好。该酶具有较好的金属离子耐受能力,Fe2+、K+、Na+、Mn2+、Ca2+、Mg2+对酶活均有不同程度的激活作用。丝氨酸蛋白酶特异性抑制剂（PMSF）能强烈抑制该酶的酶活性,表明该蛋白酶为丝氨酸碱性蛋白酶。非离子型表面活性剂Tween-20、Tween-80及Triton X-100和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）对酶活均有较强的抑制作用。该酶具有良好的耐盐性。其米氏常数（Km）为1.11 mg/mL,最大反应速率（Vmax）为91.74 μg/（min·mL）,说明该碱性蛋白酶与酪蛋白的亲和力好,特异性强。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the