共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
2.
应用电原位拉伸的方法观察了解合金LY12在不同(I+Ⅱ)复合型下裂纹尖端的塑性变形和断裂过程。结果表明,复合载荷作用下裂纹尖端的变形是钝一锐化变形模式。裂纹的断裂发生了钝化区,断裂方位与最大应力三轴性水平的分布方位一致。不同复合型下的断裂遵循等太孔洞损伤机制,最大周向拉应力是铝合金复合型断裂的力学控制因素。随Ⅱ型分量增加,LY12启裂COD值增加。 相似文献
3.
由于材料中存在空洞等缺陷,铝合金厚板在预拉伸过程中易发生断裂,对拉伸设备造成损伤。基于GTN损伤本构方程,建立铝合金板预拉伸断裂模型。基于小试件拉伸断裂试验测试结合数值模拟,确定GTN损伤本构参数,对五种典型厚度铝合金板预拉伸断裂进行研究。计算铝合金板断裂过程中的应力应变及损伤变量的变化规律,并将表面位置和断裂截面位置处的各变量进行对比。结果表明,随着拉伸率的增大,铝合金板由平面应力状态变为应变集中,其部位由正中心位置向边缘偏移,空洞体积分数最大值也由正中心位置转移到应变集中处;随厚度增加断裂应变略有降低,且受初始空洞体积分数的影响较大。通过对不同厚度、不同拉伸率的铝合金板预拉伸分析,得到初始空洞体积分数和初始缺陷尺寸随厚度变化规律。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
对水冷壁管用20G钢在室温至850℃进行了拉伸试验,还在550~850℃同步进行了蠕变(应力为62MPa)及时效(不施加应力)试验,研究了温度对拉伸性能,以及蠕变和时效后的组织和性能演变的影响。结果表明:蠕变及时效后试验钢的显微组织均由铁素体和珠光体组成,应力的施加促进了珠光体的球化;随温度的升高,试验钢的抗拉强度先略有减小后增大随后再快速下降,屈服强度呈近似线性下降趋势,伸长率先降低后增大再波动性下降;随温度的升高,试验钢的蠕变断裂时间先急剧降低后趋于稳定,在550℃下蠕变断裂受晶界蠕变孔洞形核控制,在650℃下则由塑性损伤控制。 相似文献
7.
用实验及有限元方法,对细观多孔性球墨铸铁光棒试件拉伸破坏过程中颈缩截面应力状态变化规律进行分析和研究,获得该截面心部的应力状态参数T随应变的变化曲线.曲线分为T=0.33的定值阶段和T单调增长两个阶段,Tmax=0.68.对T取实验值与取常规定值情况下的材料损伤演化及材料软化进行比较,认为常规采用定值T=0.33低估了光棒试件的细观损伤破坏.单轴拉伸光棒试件中的孔洞损伤演化过程是由孔洞的形状改变为主要过程和断裂前短暂的孔洞体积的加速扩张阶段组成,这一结论与Gurson模型中孔洞长大描述符合很好. 相似文献
8.
利用一种非接触、非破坏的激光衍射谱谱面光强检测方法,对LY12CZ铝合金板材试样进行了拉-拉非对称循环疲劳损伤检测。证明谱面光强对疲劳损伤是敏感的;衍射光强比K随循环次数N的增加单调下降;损伤变量D则随N的增加单调增加,当D达到其临界值Dc时疲劳破坏发生。同时对不同循环次数下试样表面进行电镜扫描分析,对衍射光强比变化的表面细观状态进行探讨。 相似文献
9.
10.
方斌 《机械工人(热加工)》2005,(7):76-77
我公司热电厂使用的磨球是球磨机主要易损件之一,以往先后使用过抗磨锻钢磨球和球墨铸铁磨球。抗磨锻钢磨球具有韧性好,不易破碎的特点,但是硬度偏低,不耐磨,球耗较高,易失圆;球墨铸铁磨球球化率波动较大,要求严格的热处理工艺,同时球的破碎率较高。目前市场上常见的还有高铬铸铁磨球和低铬铸铁磨球,相对高铬铸铁磨球而言, 相似文献
11.
用电子显微断口分析和裂纹扩展途径的金相观察,探讨了不同珠光体和铁素体相对量的球墨铸铁的疲劳断裂机制,特别是疲劳裂纹萌生及早期扩展机制。结果表明:疲劳裂纹容易在石墨球和基体之间的界面萌生和扩展,石墨球边及基体中的次生裂纹对da/dN的影响有两重性。在疲劳裂纹萌生及早期扩展阶段,铁素体基本以周期解理和细条纹为主,珠光体基体为渗碳体解理和铁素体片上的疲劳条纹,80%珠光体球铁为上两种机制的混合。疲劳裂纹早期扩展速度为△K (th)所控制,疲劳裂纹孕育期N 0为σ s和△K (th)所控制。光棒或钝缺口下的N 0主要取决于σ s,尖锐缺口试样的N 0主要取决于△K (th)。在疲劳裂纹稳定扩展阶段,铁素体为疲劳条纹,珠光体为条纹与解理,80%珠光体中牛眼铁素体为条纹和晶间断。疲劳条纹的宽度能反映da/dN的变化,但两者往往不一致。疲劳裂纹快速扩展为条纹与静断特征混合,快速扩展速率受K (1c)的大小所控制。 相似文献
12.
In this study, fatigue tests were performed to examine the effects of micro drill hole on fatigue limit of as cast and austempered ductile cast iron (ADI) using the rotary bending fatigue tester. As results, micro drill holes (diameter≤0.4mm) did not influence the fatigue limit of ADI, compared to annealed ductile cast iron; the critical defect size of crack initiation, in ADI was larger than as cast. If the $\sqrt {area} s$ of micro drill hole and graphite nodule in ADI are comparable, crack initiates at the graphite nodule. When the ruggedness developes through austempering treatment process, microstructure on crack initiation at micro drill hole is tougher than that of as cast ductile cast iron. 相似文献
13.
球墨铸铁疲劳裂纹扩展的微观机制 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了在恒幅拉伸循环载荷作用下球铁的疲劳裂纹扩展的微观机制,分析了石墨形态对铸铁疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展行为的影响。结果表明:铸铁的石墨形态对疲劳裂纹的萌生及扩展有很大影响。灰铁由于在共晶团内石墨片相互连接,疲劳裂纹总是沿着与外应力相垂直的石墨片/基体边界扩展。球铁的疲劳裂纹扩展受基体组织及石墨形态所左右,但在石墨球/基体界面产生的滑移带、塑性区及裂纹尖端钝化区决定着疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展的整个过程。球铁的疲劳裂纹扩展规律是:裂纹连续扩展—急速扩展—裂纹尖端钝化—重新诱发裂纹—连续扩展。 相似文献
14.
Singh Salvinder Abdullah Shahrum Nik Abdullah Nik Mohamed 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2016,30(8):3539-3551
We studied the effect of mean stress correction factor using the Rainflow counting technique to assess the fatigue damage of an automobile crankshaft under service loading by considering the stochastic process of the Markov chain. The failure of the crankshaft will cause serious damage to the engine and also to other connecting subcomponents. The service loading is computationally generated from the Discrete Markov chain model and the fatigue cycle is counted using the Rainflow counting technique with the consideration of the local minima and maxima load. To quantify the fatigue damage, the strain-life curve using the fatigue mean stresses was used to model the fatigue failure of the material used in for the crankshaft at N f = 10 6 . The fatigue mean stresses were used to estimate the effects of the mean stress on the fatigue strength of the component under service loading condition. Statistical verification with the boundary condition of the 90% confidence level was performed to observe the difference between the stochastic algorithms when compared towards the fatigue life behavior of the ductile cast iron material. We concluded that for the practical application, the proposed stochastic model provides a highly accurate assessment of fatigue damage prediction for improving the safety and controlling the risk factors in terms of structural health monitoring. 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
This paper reports a study of the influence of surface oxidation on the wear resistance of ductile iron, grey iron and vermicular iron during dry sliding friction. The mechanisms of wear are also reported. This study shows that the effect of surface oxidation (formed under normal atmospheric conditions) on the wear rate depends on the complex functions of graphite morphology and matrix structure. Generally the presence of surface oxidation decreases the wear rate of grey iron but increases the wear rate of ductile iron and vermicular iron when the cast iron has high hardness. This trend is reversed for low hardness cast iron. 相似文献
18.
19.
利用低温环境轮轨磨损模拟试验装置,研究了高速铁路车轮材料在室温及低温环境下的滚动接触疲劳损伤行为。结果表明:低湿度的低温环境导致车轮材料磨损率、塑性变形及疲劳损伤较室温下明显加重。随试验温度的降低,轮轨摩擦因数、磨损率及表面硬度均呈现先急剧上升后轻微下降趋势。室温工况下磨痕表面有严重的犁沟现象,而低温工况下车轮试样表面以疲劳裂纹及剥落损伤为主。随着温度的降低,磨损形式由氧化磨损、磨粒磨损逐渐向疲劳及粘着磨损转变。车轮材料裂纹主要沿较软的铁素体线扩展,室温下剖面损伤较轻微。低温工况下由于车轮材料发生脆化,珠光体呈现不同于室温下的形貌及分布特性。在低温下,表层裂纹扩展角度及次表层裂纹长度增加,同时表层裂纹易于汇合并产生分支。 相似文献
20.
《Wear》1987,118(3):319-327
A single-pass laser heat treatment was performed on the surfaces of pearlitic gray and ductile cast irons using a 5 kW continuous wave CO2 gas laser. Surface-hardened layers affect solid particle impingement erosion in that, for given abrasive flow conditions, the erosion rate of laser-treated gray iron was five times greater than that of untreated gray iron while the erosion rate of laser-treated ductile iron was 25 times greater than that of untreated ductile iron. The erosion mechanisms of gray iron included micromachining and ploughing in the untreated condition and intergranular cracking in the laser-treated condition. In contrast, ductile iron was eroded by severe plastic deformation and tearing in the untreated condition and by the fatigue mechanism in the laser-treated condition. 相似文献