基于虚拟立体靶标的线阵相机标定与分析

针对线阵相机的特点,论文提出了一种线阵相机标定方法。首先,利用设计的平面靶标与相机多次曝光巧妙地构建了虚拟立体标定靶标,通过分析与数学建模得到靶标上标定特征点空间位置与像点的对应关系;其次,分别使用最小二乘法与迭代求解的方法对多个特征点的线性参数超定方程与镜头的非线性畸变参数进行求解,讨论了标定过程中相机与靶标非严格平行时对标定结果的影响;最后,实验室条件下使用论文设计的靶标与方法对线阵相机标定进行实验验证。理论分析与实验结果表明此线阵相机标定方法简单灵活,标定特征点个数不拘泥于靶标的制作,相机与靶标的位置无需严格平行,标定精度高,且具有较好良好的实用工程应用价值。     

一种基于共线特征点的线阵相机内参标定方法

提出一种利用共线的标定特征点确定线阵相机内参的方法。所有标定特征点均在线阵相机的视平面内。首先,标定过程中对标定特征点逐一成像,直接得到标定特征点和其对应像点,解决了空间标定点与像点的对应问题;其次,通过数学建模得到线阵相机的成像模型,联立多个位置处的成像模型解算出相机内参;最后,对影响线阵相机标定的因素进行分析及实验验证。理论分析和实验结果表明,文中的线阵相机标定方法简单灵活,无需制作精密的靶标,可获得大量标定点,提高了线阵相机标定的准确性和稳定性,实验得到成像特征点重投影像点位置偏差均方根为0.37 pixel。     

一种基于虚拟立体靶标的线阵相机标定方法

针对线阵相机标定的过程中特征点容易丢失的事 实,提出了一种线阵相机标定方 法。首先,利用设计的平面靶标 与相机多次曝光巧妙地构建了虚拟立体标定靶标,通过分析与数学建模得到靶标上标定特征 点空间位置与像点的对应关系; 其次,使用最小均方估计方法对特征像点中心进行亚像素估计,并使用基于最小二乘迭代方 法对多特征点超定方程进行求解, 讨论了标定过程中相机与靶标非平行时对标定结果的影响;最后,使用提出的方法对线 阵相机标定进行实验验证。理论分析 与实验结果表明,本文的线阵相机标定方法简单灵活,标定特征点个数不拘泥于靶标的制 作,相机与靶标的位置无需严格平行,平 均标定精度达0.26pixel,具有较好的实用价值。     

基于激光线阵的线阵相机在线畸变标定和校正

为了提高线阵相机畸变标定和校正的实时性和便捷性,研究并提出了一种基于激光线阵的线阵相机在线畸变标定和校正的方法.以一组相对间隔已知的激光线阵作为基准,根据其相对间隔的变化而实现相机的在线标定和校正,而无需已知相机和成像物体的相对位置,也无需其他设备,操作简单.该方法适用于成像过程中物距不变的情况.经实验证明,当激光线阵...     

基于正交柱面成像相机的大尺寸三维坐标测量

提出了一种基于正交柱面成像相机的大尺寸三维坐标测量方法。正交柱面成像相机由一个正交柱面成像光学系统和两个正交放置的线阵CCD组成,它们分别被用来检测被测点的水平角和垂直角。一个相机决定了两个角度,两个相机交汇,即可实现被测点的三维坐标测量。所提出的方法在精密坐标测量特别是动态位置跟踪方面具有突出的优势。一个灵活的内参标定方法被用来标定正交柱面成像相机,内参标定后相机在水平方向和垂直方向角度测量误差的均值分别为1.85和2.16。另外,双相机的外参标定也被介绍,外参标定后系统的坐标测量精度优于0.52 mm。实验结果表明:所提出的三维坐标测量方法有效,具有良好的测量精度。     

基于2.5D标定扇的线阵相机内参数标定方法

针对工业生产线上或集成设备中线阵相机内参数定期检校困难且成本高的问题,提出一种基于2.5D标定扇的线阵相机内参数标定方法。设计了一款特定的2.5D标定扇,构建包含镜头畸变的线阵相机内参数标定模型,顾及了标靶相对相机的两个姿态角,通过方程线性变换法解算模型参数初值,利用改进的Levenberg-Marquardt (L-M)算法加速优化相机参数的求解过程,给出了详细的解算步骤和数据处理过程,并通过仿真和实测数据验证了方法的可行性。结果表明：该线阵相机标定方法简单灵活,可得到大量分布规律的特征点对,参数标定精度不受相机移动精度和特定移动方向的限制;在扇骨面与靶面间夹角小于10°时,可以获得高精度、高一致性的相机内参数,特征点重投影误差的最大值优于0.28 pixel,平均RMSE为0.11 pixel,标准差仅0.01 pixel。     

基于远心成像的高精度线激光三维测量方法

精密零部件的高精度三维成像是工业制造和检测的关键任务。针对现有的线激光测量系统效率慢、精度低等问题，提出了利用远心成像的线激光三维测量系统，研究了该系统的标定方法。首先，分别采集不同位置的靶标图像和激光线照射下相同位置的靶标图像，通过远心正交成像标定相机内参矩阵系数和外参位姿关系；然后，建立线激光投影平面与标定目标平面之间的几何关系，求解不同目标平面下的激光线方向矢量，进而通过最小二乘法获得光平面方程；最后，在极大似然准则下，利用Levenberg-Marquard非线性优化算法精确地计算标定参数最优解，搭建了测试系统，开发了专用标定程序。实验结果表明：在60 mm×48 mm的视场下，所设计的系统和方法可以实现优于18μm的测量误差，能够快速准确地重建出三维形貌。     

基于多视觉线结构光传感器的大尺度测量方法

为解决现有线结构光大尺度测量标定复杂、精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于多视觉线结构光传感器的大尺度、高精度测量方法。多视觉线结构光传感器含1个激光器和多个等间距并排的相机(一主多从),相互间有1/3左右重叠视场(OFOV),光束覆盖所有相机视宽。传感器标定只需简易的棋盘格靶标,按张氏标定法采集靶标图像、标定传统参数;此外,考虑相机视角的不变性,利用OFOV内标定图像的已知特征角点,经图像配准可预标定相邻相机图像拼接的变换矩阵。变换矩阵的逐步连乘得到任意从相机图像转换到主相机成像平面的透视变换模型(PTM)。该方法通过各相机同步采集大尺度物体的局部光条图像,再利用PTM将所有局部光条快速拼接成完整的光条图像,最终经光条坐标提取、换算得到光条位置的三维坐标。实验结果表明:与已有方法相比,该方法使用简便、精度更高,重构模型平均构造深度与真实模型仅差8.3%。     

基于绝对相位标靶的线阵相机标定方法

针对当前线阵相机几何标靶标定精度不足的问题,提出了一种基于绝对相位标靶的线阵相机标定方法。针对线阵相机成像特点,设计了结合相位与格雷码的绝对相位编码标靶。标定时首先由线阵相机获取标靶图像,计算标靶的绝对相位;然后在空间不同位置处摆放标靶,采用辅助面阵相机获取标靶间的相对位置关系,建立线阵相机图像与空间点的精确对应关系;最后采用两步法标定获取线阵相机内两相机间的坐标变换关系。仿真与实验结果表明：标定的最大重投影误差为0.089 pixel,与现有方法相比降低了79.78%,所提方法具有良好的抗噪、抗离焦性。     

一种线阵CCD检测系统的调整和标定方法

论述了一种线阵CCD扫描检测系统调整和标定方法.建立了检测系统的几何模型;设计了标定靶标;提出了基于靶标图像的视觉系统调整定位方法.采用灰度矩法对边缘点进行了亚像素定位;根据靶标上特征线的实际坐标和图像坐标对系统进行标定,在工方向采用先线性标定再多项式畸变校正的两步法标定横向扫描区域;在y方向采用线性标定法标定扫描行距.实验结果表明,这种调整和标定方法具有较好的效果和较高的标定精度.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks