多相场模拟非共晶成分CBr4-C2Cl6合金层片生长的形貌选择

通过KKSM多相场模型,分别研究了定向凝固条件下亚共晶、过共晶成分的CBr4-C2Cl6合金层片生长形貌选择规律.结果表明,随着初始层片间距的不断增加,亚共晶的形貌选择变化依次为:层片湮没→稳态生长→2λ0不稳定性→层片分叉与形核;而过共晶的形貌选择变化依次为:层片湮没→稳态生长→2λ0不稳定性→T-2λ0不稳定性→Tilt 生长→T-1λ0不稳定性.模拟结果不仅与理论计算的形貌选择图相符,而且与实验结果定性地一致.     

二元共晶定向凝固的多相场法数值模拟

借助于多相场模型,利用移动盒算法模拟了小Peclet数下二元共晶模型合金的定向凝固过程.同时研究了共晶生长层片间距调整机制.模拟结果表明:当初始层片间距小于最小过冷层片间距时,层片调整通过两相的竞争生长与层片湮没进行;相反,当初始层片间距大于最小过冷理论时,层尖的形核分叉生长使层片生长趋于稳定;再现了共晶1λ振荡不稳定性生长,通过分析局部动力学得出1λ振荡不稳定性生长原因为溶质再分配与共晶两相的体积调整.     

粉末床激光重熔条件下Ni-Sn反常共晶微观组织的数值模拟

采用低网格各向异性元胞自动机(cellular automaton,CA)模型研究了激光重熔条件下的反常共晶生长机制。为了验证模型的可靠性,建立了二维层片规则共晶CA模型,针对CBr4-C2Cl6共晶合金,模拟了1l O失稳形态向2l O失稳形态转变过程,计算结果与实验、相场模拟结果吻合。模型通过设定含三相(a、b和液相)的界面元胞,使CA模型中a和b相体积分数能够连续变化,从而更易于捕捉二维层片共晶的失稳过程。与相场模拟结果相比,本工作计算得到1l O-2l O失稳形态,即1l O和2l O失稳的中间状态,并与实验结果吻合。在上述二元共晶CA模型基础上,对Ni-Sn合金粉末床激光重熔条件下,熔池底部出现的从规则层片状向非规则反常共晶组织的转变过程进行模拟研究,发现在初始低冷却速率条件下,细小的层片共晶发生失稳,即b-Ni3Sn相超越a-Ni相,形成b-Ni3Sn单相定向生长,在后续加速冷却过程中,固/液界面前沿液相中a-Ni相形核,并发生b-Ni3Sn相包裹a-Ni相生长形成反常共晶组织。激光重熔过程中,由熔池底部到顶部的凝固过程中确实存在一个由凝固速率为零到接近扫描速率的快速变化过程,因此与CA模拟采用的变抽拉速率的凝固条件吻合。     

共晶变速生长的多相场模拟

利用多相场模型,模拟了CBr4-C2Cl6共晶合金定向凝固稳态生长及非稳态变速生长过程.稳态生长模拟结果与Jackson-Hunt共晶理论描述一致,验证了模型的可靠性.非稳态变速生长模拟表明:阶跃增速或减速时,片层间距的调整分别通过突变分叉、或逐步湮没与合并以及自身相的长大方式进行,两者片层间距的选择过程表现为强烈的非对称性;相对于阶跃时刻,片层间距调整、界面平均生长速率与平均过冷度的变化均具有滞后性.     

定向凝固共晶生长的元胞自动机数值模拟

本文在已有的二元初生相元胞自动机（CA）方法的基础上,针对二元共晶凝固过程提出了改进的元胞自动机（MCA）模型.该模型考虑成分过冷和曲率过冷对界面形态的影响,通过界面溶质浓度守恒来获得共晶α相和β相生长速率,模拟了层片的湮灭、分叉与稳态生长.为了验证模型的可靠性,对常见的CBr₄-C₂Cl₆共晶透明合金进行了模拟,研究了抽拉速率对共晶层片间距大小的影响,模拟结果与文献中的实验结果吻合良好;同时模拟了共晶层片间距调整过程的形貌演化以及层片振荡不稳定性现象.本文将MCA模型扩展到三维定向凝固过程中,研究了共晶形态的层棒状转变机制.     

激光悬浮区熔定向凝固Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2三元过共晶合金的微观组织

利用自行研制的激光悬浮区熔设备制备了Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂三元过共晶自生复合材料.在过共晶成分下获得了不含初生相的全共晶层片状组织.详细分析了固/液界面形貌形成原因,并由界面形貌出发阐述了Al₂O₃/YAG/ZrO₂三元过共晶组织织构化趋势.结果表明,低凝固速率下,三元过共晶成分下层片间距大于三元共晶成分下层片间距,而在高凝固速率下则相反,这主要是由于ZrO₂的加入影响了体系的传热及传质条件,通过经典非规则共晶模型综合分析了传输条件对层片间距的影响.过共晶平均层片间距(λ_av)与凝固速率（V）满足λ_avV^0.5=14.7μm^1.5·s^-0.5,符合JH模型.对于激光加工中经常出现的带状组织形成机理也进行了讨论.     

多相场法研究层片厚度对三维共晶层片生长的影响

利用KKSO多相场模型,研究CBr4-C2Cl6过共晶合金,当层片间距为4.1μm时,层片厚度对三维共晶层片生长过程的影响。研究表明层片厚度对三维共晶层片生长影响显著,厚度效应有可能导致层片取向的垂直偏转和倾斜偏转。层片厚度比较小时,共晶层片以类似于二维的1λ振荡形式生长;当层片厚度大于6.4μm以后,层片开始偏转,并最终在横截面上垂直于初始层片方向;层片厚度在8.6～14.2μm之间取值时,在横截面内层片发生倾斜;之后,出现Z字形分叉,进一步增加层片厚度值至18.2μm时,共晶层片又发生垂直偏转。     

定向凝固Al-12.5Si合金的共晶界面形貌

通过调整合金中Sr和Mg的加入量、温度梯度和凝固速度,对Al-12.5Si合金进行一系列定向凝固试验。结果表明,Sr可以对共晶Si进行变质,得到规则界面,也可以引起界面失稳,因为和Mg一样,其溶质分配系数k01,增加了成分过冷。随Sr或Mg含量增加,共晶界面的演化过程为平界面→胞状晶→树枝晶→等轴晶;随凝固速度增大和温度梯度减小,界面前沿成分过冷变大,界面形貌经历了从失稳到胞晶、树枝晶和等轴晶的转变。     

电磁搅拌对Pb—Sn共晶组织的影响

本文研究了pb—Sn共晶合金定向凝固条件下电磁搅拌对层片组织的影响。结果发现,Pb—Sn合金共晶组织明显粗化,并且层片间距随着半径的增加而增加。通过引进由流动引起的浓度波动项,利用最小过冷度理论推导出了下式:λ~2V=Ao/(1-A~1Guλ~2/D)。式中Gu=0. 25~μ-0.5~ωl- 5~r,Gu为液固界面前的速度梯度。随半径r增加而增加,这就较好地解释了层片间距λ与r的关系。此外,在试棒的外侧还发现了锡富集层。     

自由共晶生长的多相场等温数值模拟

采用Nestler多相场模型，模拟了给定不同数目与形态的核心及随机形核等不同初始条件下的自由共晶生长过程，研究了自由共晶生长机制；由固相体积分数随转变时间的对数关系曲线考察了Avrami指数的变化，证实自由共晶生长过程中存在3种生长机制：扩散控制生长、层片耦合生长及调幅分解生长，并且自由共晶生长过程实际是3种生长机制相互转变的过程。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.