基于FPGA的CCD光积分时间大范围实时自调节系统

为了提高系统的自适应性、探测能力及测量精度,常常需要系统能根据待测光照强度自动实时大范围地调节电荷耦合器件(CCD)光积分时间.在分析了TCD1304AP型线阵CCD的特性、工作过程与驱动时序的基础上,设计了基于现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)控制的CCD光积分时间大范围实时自适应调节系统.研究分析了光积分时间计算算法,选用EP1C20F400C8作为硬件载体,使用Verilog语言对算法及CCD驱动时序进行了硬件描述;采用QuartusII软件对设计进行编译、综合,并用Modelsim进行了前后仿真;用自然光与LED光源对整个设计进行了实际测试.测试结果表明系统光积分时间调节范围在10μs～10 s以上,最小调节时间精度为0.25 μs,完全可以满足光积分时间的大范围实时自动无极调节.     

积分时间和级数分别可调的TDI CCD驱动器

在分析TDI CCD器件驱动时序关系的基础上,设计了积分时间和级数分别可调的驱动时序发生器.作为卫星上的有效载荷,TDI CCD成像系统可以根据不同的光照条件及探测分辨率的需求,选择不同的积分时间和级数,提高成像系统的灵敏度和信噪比.选用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)作为硬件设计平台,使用VHDL语言对驱动时序发生器进行硬件描述,采用QuartusⅡ对所设计的驱动时序发生器进行了仿真.系统测试结果表明,所研制的驱动时序发生器可以满足高分辨率TDI CCD相机的驱动要求.     

基于电子快门自动增益的CCD驱动电路研究

为了满足目前CCD测量领域中高速、高精度的测量要求,设计了TCDl304传感器的专用驱动电路。该驱动电路的一大特性就是电子快门,其将光积分时间缩短了一个数量级,至几个微秒,极大地提高了测量速度;同时,通过对CCD输出信号A／D采样分析,实时调节电子快门时间,实现自动调节控制,提高了测量精度。经实验证明,该测量方法在高速实时在线测量领域有很好的应用前景。     

基于IL-P3的高速CCD驱动电路的设计与实现

对动态目标的CCD探测中,高速CCD驱动电路的设计是CCD相机成功捕获目标的关键技术之一.以DALSA公司近年来推出的高性能CCD芯片IL-P3为例,在分析其驱动时序关系的基础上,设计了一个积分时间可调的高速CCD驱动电路.用VHDL语言对CCD驱动时序发生器进行了硬件描述,在MAX PLUSⅡ开发环境下进行了功能仿真,选用ALTERA公司的CPLD器件EPM7128SLC84-7作为硬件设计平台.测试结果表明,驱动时序发生器产生的各控制信号可以满足CCD驱动要求.     

基于线阵CCD的降水粒子探测高速数据采集系统

针对线阵CCD图像扫描技术探测降水粒子的情况,设计了一种基于高速模数转换器(ADC)、先进先出缓存器(FIFO)和数字信号处处理器(DSP)的线阵CCD数据采集系统。能实现以该线阵CCD驱动时序最高频率16.6 MHz的数据采集,系统运行稳定;数据存储和处理循环进行,保证信号转换的稳定性和避免数据存储丢失;详细描述前端调理电路、数据采集系统的原理、硬件构成和逻辑控制模块,给出了数据处理算法设计和系统试验结果。     

基于ISP技术的线阵CCD光积分时间的主动控制技术

介绍了一种基于ISP技术的线阵CCD的驱动电路及设计方法。并介绍了一种主动控制CCD光积分时间与信号转移的技术。ISP技术的应用极大地简化了CCD的驱动电路。并且，电路可以完全由程序或由外部触发信号主动地控制CCD光积分时间、曝光时间与信号转移的周期，使对CCD光积分时间的控制更加灵活。     

基于线阵CCD的LED光功率及发散角的自动测试

介绍了一种基于线阵电荷耦合器(CCD),利用虚拟仪器自动测试发光二极管(LED)光功率及其发散角的新方法.根据线阵CCD的输出电荷与光功率成线性的关系,对CCD输出电信号曲线进行积分,将积分值三换算成绝对光功率P,并利用同一条光路计算出其发散角.该系统可自动选择适当的CCD积分时间,并通过实验数据利用最小二乘法拟合出在不同CCD积分时间下,P-Σ的线性关系式.该系统自动测试程度较高,操作简便,适用于LED的生产测试和研究试验.     

专利

时间延迟积分型CCD扫描多通道光谱分析法 本专利提出一种用时间延迟积分型CCD光电探测器实现光谱分析方法。这种方法已用于航空侦察成像系统,本发明首次把该种方法用于光谱分析。扫描系统以相同的速度在CCD内部读出扫描方向沿CCD阵列扫描图像(一条光谱线)。内部扫描方式允许     

多片CCD采集系统设计与应用

将12片自主研发的L3072UD型线阵CCD进行拼接,每片CCD的垂直转移脉冲(ΦP)、水平转移脉冲(ΦH1, ΦH2)和复位脉冲(ΦR)的驱动脉冲设计成相同的波形,通过电子快门的开启时间分别控制每片CCD的积分时间,且每3片CCD的驱动脉冲共用一个驱动,实现了一种12片CCD同时工作的光谱采集系统。将该系统应用于火花光谱仪,对样品的铜含量进行检测。实验结果表明,该CCD光谱采集系统能够实现2的铜含量检测精度,检测灵敏度高、通用性强,具有一定的推广应用价值。     

基于USB2．0和线阵CCD的高速数据采集系统设计

为了解决电荷耦合器件(CCD)图像数据高速采集和实时传输处理问题,设计了一种基于USB2.0的高速CCD数据采集系统.系统采用可编程逻辑(CPLD)实现时序控制和逻辑控制,专用视频信号处理芯片XRD4460实现高速A/D转换;为了保证CCD图像数据高速传输,采用先进先出(FIFO)作为CCD数据流与8051单片机之间的缓存区进行数据缓存,采用CY7C68013接口芯片的GPI接口模式完成控制信号的发送以及实现采集系统与计算机之间的数据高速传输.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks