棉籽油酸单乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯醚对琥珀酸酯磺酸钠的增稠性能

主要研究了棉籽油酸单乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯醚(CEEO)与琥珀酸二异辛酯磺酸钠(AOT)体系黏度特性.结果表明:CEEO对AOT体系具有好的增稠效果,随着CEEO量的增加,体系黏度峰值不断增加.与椰子油酸二乙醇酰胺(Ninol)相比,CEEO的增稠效果更好.     

酰胺醚羧酸盐的分离提纯与表征

通过无水乙醇热溶抽滤,石油醚重结晶等工序建立了酰胺醚羧酸盐的提纯方法,考察了溶剂用量、结晶温度、结晶时间等对石油醚重结晶效果的影响。结果表明:采用无水乙醇75℃抽滤可有效去除酰胺,石油醚重结晶可有效去除脂肪酸;在m(石油醚)∶m(月桂酸单乙醇酰胺醚羧酸)=20∶1,结晶时间40 m in条件下,55℃结晶两次所得月桂酸单乙醇酰胺醚羧酸产品中和值为132.78 mg NaOH/g,与理论中和值132.28 mg NaOH/g接近;经液相色谱分析,w(月桂酸单乙醇酰胺醚羧酸)≥99.80%。经工艺优化,对C14、C16、C18酰胺醚羧酸盐进行提纯,产物中和值均与理论中和值接近,液相色谱分析产物纯度分别达到99.5%,99.3%,97.5%;并用红外光谱和核磁共振谱对产物结构进行了确认。     

烷醇酰胺类非离子表面活性剂增稠/稳泡性的比较研究

将本实验室合成的棕榈仁油酸-N-甲基单乙醇酰胺(PNMEA)与市售棕榈仁油酸二乙醇酰胺(PDEA)及棕榈仁油酸单乙醇酰胺(PMEA)进行增稠/稳泡性的比较研究。比较了PNMEA、PDEA和PMEA影响醇醚硫酸钠为主表面活性剂的模拟沐浴露配方的流型、触变性、弹性模量和黏性模量等。研究结果表明:PNMEA自身的表观黏度较低且黏度温敏性较小;用PNMEA、PDEA和PMEA增稠的3种模拟沐浴露均为假塑型非牛顿流体,触变性较弱,在中低角频率和高角频率时分别表现出黏性流体和弹性流体特征,且起泡和稳泡性能相当;PNMEA的增稠效果优于PDEA而与PMEA相当,同时被增稠体系的黏度温敏性比PMEA小,因此PNMEA的增稠性能总体最优秀。综合安全性、增稠性和稳泡性评价结果,PNMEA具有替代PDEA和PMEA成为烷醇酰胺类增稠/稳泡剂主要品种的优势。     

MAP体系洁面乳流变性的研究

本文主要针对以单烷基磷酸酯盐MAP为主表面活性剂的洁面乳体系,研究了主要成分增稠剂、主表面活性剂以及三种辅助表面活性剂对产品粘度的影响,研究结果表明:在单烷基磷酸酯为主表面活性剂的洁面乳体系中,汉生胶有较好的增稠性能,并能赋予产品良好的剪切变稀性能;主表面活性剂MAP明显降低体系的粘度,加入量较大时加大了体系增稠的难度;辅助表面活性剂羟磺甜菜碱和椰油酸单乙醇酰胺都有很好的稳泡、增稠性能;烷基糖苷增稠性能一般,而且不同浓度APG的加入量不会改变产品剪切稀化的趋势.     

不同烷醇酰胺的增稠及泡沫性能

分别以月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和十一烯酸为原料,与二乙醇胺反应,合成１：１型烯醇酰胺。分别以椰子油、橄榄油和蓖麻油为原料,与二乙醇胺反应,合成了１：２型烷醇酰胺。用ＡＥＳ分别与土述烷醇酰胺复配,研究了它们的增稠性能。含有相对短链的脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸合成的烷醇酰胺的体系具有较好的泡沫性能,增稠性能较差。用ＮaＣ１对上述体系增稠时,含碳链相对长的饱和脂肪酸烷醇酰胺的体系具有较好的增稠性     

椰油脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺性能研究

详细介绍了椰油脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺（简称ＦＭＡ，下同）的性能，给出了ＦＭＡ作为增稠剂，增泡稳泡剂在多种体系中粘度，泡沫等性能数据，并与椰油脂肪酸二乙醇酰安（简称６５０１，下同）作了比较，还考察了温度对粘度的影响及硬水硬度对泡沫性能的影响情况，结果表明，ＦＭＡ是一种十分有效的增稠剂，增泡稳定剂，在一般的液洗配方中增稠效果明显优于６５０１。     

大豆油单乙醇酰胺系列乙氧基化合物的性能研究

对实验室合成的大豆油单乙醇酰胺系列乙氧基化合物的表面活性，泡沫性能，乳化性能，去污性能，增稠性能，生物降解性能进行了比较研究。为该系列产品的应用提供必要的基础数据。     

OMSS的增粘功能

脂肪酸酰胺化合物用作液体洗涤剂的增粘剂,椰油酸二乙醇酰胺比油酸二乙醇酰胺脂肪链短,所以水溶性好.但增粘效果不如油酸二乙醇酰胺.脂肪链长相同.单乙醇酰胺比二乙醇酰胺增粘效果好,但融点高、需加热配料.冬季气温下降会使单乙醇酰胺析出,造成产品浑浊沉淀.为改变这一缺陷.有的加成环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷;也有用单异丙醇胺取代单乙醇胺等,结果融点虽下降,但有的增粘效果不理想.在油酸单乙醇酰胺的基础上合成的OMSS,在O℃也能透明溶于水中.增粘效果优于常用的6501.     

十四酸单乙醇酰胺醚磺酸盐与烷醇酰胺的复配性能研究（英文）

以十四酸单乙醇酰胺为原料，通过乙氧基化、磺化反应得到了十四酸单乙醇酰胺醚磺酸盐(C14NE3S)，测定了C14NE3S的溶解性，C14NE3S与C14酸二乙醇酰胺(C14DN)复配体系的表面张力以及与长庆原油的界面张力。实验结果表明，C14NE3S具有良好的耐盐性，C14NE3、C14NE3S在蒸馏水中cmc分别为0.07和0.158 mmol/L。溶液热力学理论研究表明，C14NE3S与C14DN摩尔比为1∶4和2∶3时在形成混合胶束时具有中等程度的相互作用。不同比例的复配体系界面张力为超低时对应的NaCl质量分数不同。随着复配体系中C14NE3S含量的增加，达到低或超低界面张力(10^-2或10^-3 mN/m数量级)的盐质量分数范围及最高无机盐质量分数越来越大。n(C14NE3S)∶n(C14DN)=1∶4达到低界面张力时的盐质量分数为0.3%～1%NaCl,n(C14NE3S)∶n(C14DN)=2∶3和3∶2的复合体系达到超低界面张力时所对应的盐质量分数分别为0.3%～3%NaCl和5%～10%NaCl，体现出表面活性剂极性增强和矿化度...     

棕榈基乙醇酰胺表面活性剂的合成与性能

用工业棕榈油甲酯分别与单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺在氢氧化钾催化下合成棕榈基单乙醇酰胺和棕榈基二乙醇酰胺,其最高产率分别为92.2%和89.0%。与椰油基二乙醇酰胺相比,两者表面张力与乳化力性能相近,但棕榈基二乙醇酰胺泡沫性能较差。添加癸酸二乙醇酰胺可改善棕榈基二乙醇酰胺的泡沫性能,当n(癸酸二乙醇酰胺)∶n(棕榈基二乙醇酰胺)=1∶2.5复配时,泡沫高度提高1倍,与椰油基二乙醇酰胺的泡沫高度相当。     

The fatty acid composition of lipids from muscle and adipose tissues of pigs fed various oil mixtures differing in their ratio between oleic acid and linoleic acid

High concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in meat have detrimental effects on its technical properties. The present study was carried out to investigate whether PUFA levels in pork can be reduced by increasing the concentrations of oleic acid in pig diets. To this end a bifactorial experiment was carried out with 48 female growing finishing pigs. Six different diets were used with two different concentrations of linoleic acid (12 vs. 24 g/kg) and three different concentrations of oleic acid (12 vs. 18 vs. 24 g/kg). The experiment started at a body weight (BW) of 58 kg and continued until 115 kg BW. The fatty acid composition of total lipids of backfat, perirenal fat and musculus (m.) longissimus dorsi was analysed. Concentrations of linoleic acid and total PUFA in backfat and perirenal fat were affected only by the dietary linoleic acid content but not at all by the dietary oleic acid content. Increasing the dietary concentration of oleic acid raised the level of oleic acid in those tissues at the expense of saturated fatty acids, suggesting competition between monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids for incorporation into triglycerides. At the low dietary linoleic acid concentration, the percentages of linoleic acid and total PUFA in total lipids of m. longissimus dorsi were also unaffected by the dietary oleic acid content. In contrast, at the high dietary linoleic acid concentration, percentages of linoleic acid and total PUFA of the m. longissimus dorsi were reduced by increasing the dietary concentration of oleic acid, suggesting that oleic acid and linoleic acid compete for incorporation into muscle lipids. Thus, at high dietary linoleic acid levels the fatty acid composition of the m. longissimus dorsi was favourably affected by high dietary oleic acid concentrations; in backfat and perirenal fat, however, no beneficial effect of high dietary oleic acid levels was seen.     

A Thermally Stable Polyamine/Unsaturated Fatty Acid System: Gelation Behaviors and Application

The gelation behavior of diethylenetriamine (DETA) and oleic acid (OLA) with different molar ratios in water was investigated. The gels, which were composed of lamellar phase and vesicles, were characterized using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy (FF-TEM). The responsive rheological properties were also investigated. Our results show that lamellar gels and rodlike micelles were formed successively with the increase of the DETA/OLA molar ratio. The lamellar gels exhibiting high thermal stability can be obtained in a wide range of polyamine/unsaturated fatty acid molar ratios. The mechanism of lamellar gel formation was explained by the packing parameter and the noncovalent interactions between the building blocks. Moreover, gel–sol transition can be triggered by tuning pH and ionic strength. This system has a good emulsification property, and no obvious nanoemulsion droplet coarsening is observed upon dilution after 30 days.     

Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of oleic acid adsorption on silicic acid

Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to observe adsorption complexes of oleic acid and isopropanol (IPA) on silicic acid in hexane. The spectra provide definite evidence of the molecular nature of the surface interaction. In addition, the effect on oleic acid adsorption of modifying the solvent with IPA, which competes for adsorption sites and modifies the solvent polarity, was studied. Oleic acid adsorption was reduced in the presence of an equimolar IPA concentration in hexane, relative to that from hexane alone. This could be explained by a combination of competitive adsorption of IPA and IPA interacting with oleic acid in solution. IPA, in solution, and silica are probably competing for the lipid. This is additional evidence that suggests that lipid adsorption onto silicic acid is influenced by competitive adsorption. The adsorption of oleic acid and IPA, from a mixture of the two in hexane, was controlled by (i) the equilibrium between surface-bound species and molecules in solution and (ii) the polar interaction between oleic acid and IPA in solution. Thus, washing pre-bound oleic acid with hexane removed only a small amount of oleic acid, while washing with a solution of IPA in hexane removed most of the pre-bound oleic acid.     

海南油棕果肉中脂肪酸的成分分析

用乙醚萃取海南油棕果肉中的油脂,油脂中的脂肪酸采用氢氧化钾-甲醇溶液进行甲酯化后,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC—MS）对其中的脂肪酸成分进行分析。结果分离鉴定出4种脂肪酸成分,它们分别是棕榈酸（45．62％）、油酸（37．70％）、亚油酸（8．39％）、硬脂酸（8．29％）。其中不饱和脂肪酸高达46％以上,有进一步开发利用的潜力。     

Transgenic cotton plants with increased seed oleic acid content

Cottonseed typically contains about 15% oleic acid. Here we report the development of transgenic cotton plants with higher seed oleic acid levels. Plants were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A binary vector was designed to suppress expression of the endogenous cottonseed †-12 desaturase (fad2) by subcloning a mutant allele of a rapeseed fad2 gene downstream from a heterologous, seedspecific promoter (phaseolin). Fatty acid profiles of total seed lipids from 43 independent transgenic lines were analyzed by gas chromatography. Increased seed oleic acid content ranged from 21 to 30% (by weight) of total fatty acid content in 22 of the primary transformants. The increase in oleic acid content was at the expense of linoleic acid, consistent with reduced activity of cottonseed FAD2. Progeny of some lines yielded oleic acid content as high as 47% (three times that of standard cottonseed oil). Molecular analyses of nuclear DNA from transgenics confirmed the integration of the canola transgene into the cotton genome. Collectively, our results extend the metabolic engineering of vegetable oils to cottonseed and should provide the basis for the development of a family of novel cottonseed oils.     

From the synthesis and characterization of methacrylated fatty acid based precursors to shape memory polymers

Fatty acid based precursors were synthesized by a one‐step reaction from oleic or lauric acids and glycidyl methacrylate to be used later in polymer formulations. Different times of reaction, amounts of catalyst and initial ratios of reactants were evaluated, obtaining conversions higher than 0.9 for the best conditions. The monomers obtained are interesting alternatives to synthetics since they combine low cost with environmental advantages (i.e. higher bio‐carbon content). These polymeric precursors were reacted separately in cationic and free radical polymerizations with styrene (50 wt%) to evaluate their potential as greener monomers. The lauric acid precursor and free radical polymerization were the alternatives that produced elastomeric materials with higher glass transition temperatures and storage moduli. These results were related to the lesser plasticizing effect of the shorter fatty acid chain, in comparison with that of the oleic acid based monomer, and to a lower free volume in the formed structure during curing. Moreover, all the obtained polymers exhibited shape memory properties that can be activated by temperature changes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Synthesis of mono- and diglycerides in water-in-oil microemulsions

Enzyme-catalyzed esterification was carried out in single-phase, oil-continuous microemulsions. The lipozyme was solubilized, along with glycerol and water, in the aqueous core of water/diethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate/hydrocarbon microemulsion system. Upon addition of fatty acid, mono- and diglycerides were formed, due to the esterification reaction taking place at the interface of the droplets in the microemulsion. The initial rate of conversion of oleic acid increases with oil chainlength of the continuous phase whereas final conversion is maximum for hexane. The conversion of stearic acid is 30% whereas conversion of oleic acid is 70%. The percent conversion of various fatty acids in the same continuous medium increases with fatty acid chainlength. The oleic acid/glycerol ratio is an important parameter for optimum conversion of oleic acid into glycerides. The yield can be increased by subsequent addition of glycerol after equilibrium is reached. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of samples from microemulsions shows the presence of mono- and diglycerides. Possible mechanisms for the abovementioned effects are discussed.     

Characterization of primary fatty amides produced by lipase-catalyzed amidation of hydroxylated fatty acids

A novel hydroxylated primary fatty amide was produced from lesquerolic acid by direct amidation with ammonia catalyzed by immobilized Pseudozyma (Candida) antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) in organic solvent. The amides of ricinoleic acid and oleic acid were also produced for comparison. The hydroxy FA were transformed at comparable rates to that of oleic acid. The rate of amide formation was greater for the longerchain lesquerolic acid than for ricinoleic acid. All products exhibited characteristic primary-amide mass spectrum peaks with a base peak at m/z 59 and a strong ion fragment at m/z 72. Other peaks present are consistent with cleavage on either side of the hydroxyl position. The mass spectra, together with ¹H and ¹³C NMR data, suggest that the products of lipase-catalyzed direct amidation of ricinoleic acid and lesquerolic acid are 12-hydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenamide and 14-hydroxy-11(Z)-eicosenamide, respectively.     

Differential Regulation of ABCA1 and Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux by Elaidic and Oleic Acids

Trans fatty acid consumption is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. This increased risk has been attributed to decreased levels of HDL cholesterol and increased levels of LDL cholesterol. However, the mechanism by which trans fatty acid modulates cholesterol transit remains poorly defined. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux is the rate-limiting step initiating apolipoprotein A-I lipidation. In this study, elaidic acid, the most abundant trans fatty acid in partially hydrogenated vegetable oil, was shown to stabilize macrophage ABCA1 protein levels in comparison to that of its cis fatty acid isomer, oleic acid. The mechanism responsible for the disparate effects of oleic and elaidic acid on ABCA1 levels was through accelerated ABCA1 protein degradation in cells treated with oleic acid. In contrast, no apparent differences were observed in ABCA1 mRNA levels, and only minor changes were observed in Liver X receptor/Retinoic X receptor promoter activity in cells treated with elaidic and oleic acid. Efflux of both tracers and cholesterol mass revealed that elaidic acid slightly increased ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux, while oleic acid led to decreased ABCA1-mediated efflux. In conclusion, these studies show that cis and trans structural differences in 18 carbon n-9 monoenoic fatty acids variably impact cholesterol efflux through disparate effects on ABCA1 protein degradation.