Fe-Cr-C耐磨堆焊合金磨粒磨损行为

采用埋弧堆焊方法,在Q235钢表面制备Fe-Cr-C耐磨合金,在MLS—225型湿式橡胶轮磨粒磨损试验机上进行磨粒磨损试验,通过对磨损试样表面的扫描电子显微镜观察分析并结合能谱成分分析研究磨损形成机制.结果表明,Fe-Cr-C耐磨堆焊合金在试验的湿石英砂磨料磨损条件下,磨损机制以微裂纹引起的剥落去除机制为主,也存在一定数量的犁沟或犁皱造成的微切削去除机制.剥落的发生与碳化物密切相关,能谱成分分析表明剥落坑内Cr元素含量对应在(Cr,Fe)7C3铬含量范围内,说明剥落坑是碳化物断裂造成的.     

钒对铁基碳化钨耐磨堆焊层组织和性能的影响

在自研制的碳化钨管状药芯焊条中添加不同含量的钒元素（0%~3%）并制备堆焊合金,通过SEM,XRD,EDS等研究分析手段,研究不同钒含量对碳化钨耐磨层组织性能的影响规律.结果表明,钒含量与堆焊层中碳化钨颗粒的溶解程度密切相关,钒优先将碳化钨颗粒分解出的碳原子以碳化钒形式固定,从而抑制了碳化钨颗粒的分解,钒元素含量决定了碳化钨溶解的强弱,含有2%钒元素的堆焊层中生成适量碳化钒有效抑制了碳化钨的溶解.钒元素的加入还能强化碳化钨堆焊层基体金属的硬度,降低堆焊层中碳化钨颗粒剥落的风险,有效提高了堆焊层的耐磨性.     

Application of titanium machining chips in welding consumables for wear-resistant hardfacing

Equipment of sugar cane plants and mineral extraction are submitted to severe abrasive wear conditions. Welded hardfacings are usually applied to repair this kind of damage, where commercial chromium/carbon-rich welding consumables have usually been employed. In the present work we investigated the microstructure of experimental hardfacings made by addition of residues (chips) collected from the machining of ASTM F67 (unalloyed Ti, grade 4) alloy. Mixtures with different carbide-formers (Cr/Nb ferro-alloys) were also tested. Two layers of ‘pure’ chips (Ti), chips plus Fe–Cr (Ti–Cr), and chips plus Fe–Nb (Ti–Nb) were applied on low-carbon steel specimens by the GTAW/TIG process. The microstructure of hardfacing layers was observed by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with EDS microanalysis. The microstructural characterization has determined that carbide distributions change significantly with the chemical nature of the hardfacing. SEM observations coupled with EDS microanalysis have confirmed the formation of complex carbides within the metal weld, whose stoichiometry was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Mixed carbides of MC type and some cementite have been found. As a result it was suggested that use of ASTM F67 chips as carbide formers for composition of welding consumables can contribute to improved wear resistance of hardfacings, if compared with traditional chromium-based hardfacings.     

Fe-C-Mo-V堆焊合金的滚动三体磨粒磨损行为研究

通过熔化极气体保护焊技术制备了Fe-C-Mo-V堆焊合金磨损试样,基于滚动三体磨粒环境下进行了干砂橡胶轮磨损试验,利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析、维氏硬度计等显微分析和性能测试方法,对Fe-C-Mo-V堆焊合金熔敷金属的磨损失重和磨痕形貌进行检测与表征,研究了不同法向载荷条件下该熔敷金属的磨损行为变化规律.结果表明:随法...     

NbC增强Fe-Cr-C耐磨堆焊合金组织与磨粒磨损性能

以H08A为焊芯,在Fe-Cr-C耐磨合金焊条药皮中加入NbC,对堆焊层组织及NbC对堆焊层硬度和耐磨性的影响进行了研究.结果表明,NbC增强Fe-Cr-C耐磨合金的宏观硬度和耐磨性都高于Fe-Cr-C合金,宏观硬度达到61.6 HRC,比Fe-Cr-C耐磨合金提高9.6%;相对耐磨性提高60%.NbC增强Fe-Cr-C耐磨合金中NbC硬质相断面呈不规则形状,分布于M7C3之间,或镶嵌在M7C3中,以菱形或多边形居多,NbC分布不均匀,有局部聚集的区域.与Fe-Cr-C耐磨合金的共晶碳化物比较,Fe-Cr-C-NbC合金的共晶碳化物要粗大,共晶碳化物的间距也较大.     

焊接热输入量对铁基堆焊金属组织与性能的影响

自行配制低合金钢药芯焊丝,并采用不同焊接热输入量制作相应的堆焊试样。采用金相显微镜对堆焊金属的显微组织进行观察;采用X射线衍射仪对堆焊金属的相结构进行分析;采用显微硬度计和砂带式摩擦磨损试验机对堆焊金属的硬度和耐磨性进行检测,并采用扫描电子显微镜观察堆焊金属的磨损表面及冲击断口。结果表明,在满足生产率的条件下,随着焊接热输入的降低,堆焊熔池温度逐渐降低,导致晶粒形核率升高而晶粒长大速度减慢,从而使堆焊金属晶粒逐渐细化。晶粒的细化直接影响到堆焊金属的宏观性能,使其硬度、耐磨性和冲击韧性均有所上升。     

铝含量对高铬合金堆焊层组织与性能的影响

采用焊丝和合金粉块氮气保护明弧堆焊方法制备了不同Al含量的Fe-Cr-C-Al合金堆焊层,利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、洛氏硬度计等分析不同Al含量堆焊层的组织和性能。结果表明,堆焊层焊态组织主要由马氏体、奥氏体和M7C3型碳化物组成,铝含量为2.11%和3.06%的堆焊层中有Al2O3硬质相的存在;随着Al含量的增加,Fe-Cr-C-Al堆焊层的洛氏硬度逐渐增加而磨损量呈依次递减趋势,含3.06%Al堆焊层耐磨性是基体耐磨性的4.2倍,堆焊层硬度值达到45 HRC,磨损量最小。     

抗冲击磨损奥氏体堆焊材料

针对具有冲击磨粒磨损工况条件，成功研制出了一种奥氏体堆焊材料EKCM50。该堆焊材料为Fe-Mn-Cr-Mo-V合金系，通过耐磨性对比试验分析，堆焊合金耐磨性能优于D256焊接材料。经过加工硬化冲击试验，EKCM50焊接材料堆焊层硬度由32HRC升高到45HRC，经过冲击磨损试验，40min后，试验材料堆焊磨损失重几乎不变。通过对该材料的加工硬化和磨损性能的试验研究，探讨了此种奥氏体材料的加工硬化及耐磨机理，以及加入的合金元素对该焊接材料的耐磨性及耐磨机理的影响规律。     

VC-90药芯焊丝堆焊组织性能研究

采用埋弧堆焊技术对药芯焊丝VC-90进行四层堆焊,借助金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、EDS能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、维氏硬度计及磨损试验机等对堆焊合金微观组织及耐磨性能进行测试和分析。结果表明,堆焊合金的基体组织为马氏体和残余奥氏体,基体上分布着初生碳化物和共晶碳化物,碳化物的类型均为M7C3型。初生碳化物主要呈不完整的六边形,中间有空洞。堆焊金属的相结构为C0.055Fe1.945+(Fe,Cr)7C3+CFe15.1。堆焊合金层的耐磨性是Q235钢的27.20倍,抵抗低应力的磨料磨损效果良好。     

Microstructure and wear properties of YT758/CuZnNi hardfacing materials

Hardfacing materials containing YT758 hardmetal particles cemented by Cu-based alloy was deposited on the substrate to produce milling tools by oxy-acetylene flame process. Microstructure and wear properties of the hardfacing layers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and electron dispersion X-ray spectroscopy（EDXS） and wear test. The results show that inter-diffusion zone is found at the interface of YT758/CuZnNi, which promises to improve the bonding strength of YT758/CuZnNi. The wear resistance of YT758/CuZnNi hardfacing layers is higher than that of YG8/CuZnNi hardfacing layers. The working efficiency of the milling tools strengthened by YT758/CuZnNi is approximately 2 - 3 times higher than that strengthened by YG8/CuZnNi.     

Fe-C-Ti-Cr-B系堆焊合金组织及耐磨性能

采用CO2气体保护堆焊方法,在Q235钢表面制备不同硼含量的Fe-C-Ti-Cr-B系堆焊层金属,利用扫描电镜（SEM）对堆焊层的组织进行了观察分析.在MLS-225型湿式橡胶轮磨粒磨损试验机上进行磨粒磨损试验,通过对磨损试样表面扫描电子显微镜观察分析并结合能谱成分分析探讨了磨损机理.结果表明,Fe-C-Ti-Cr-B耐磨堆焊合金中随着硼含量增加,基体组织逐渐细化,TiC颗粒数目增多且分布弥散均匀,但当硼含量增大至1.16%时,磨损面上大量碳化物剥落,抗磨损性能降低;当硼含量为0.55%时合金表现出优良的耐磨损性能,其耐磨性比未加硼的Fe-C-Ti-Cr系堆焊合金提高了3.7倍.     

铁基堆焊耐磨合金的研究现状

概述耐磨堆焊材料、方法的分类及堆焊层合金元素的性质和堆焊层中碳化物形成特点;对铁基堆焊耐磨合金的固溶强化、第二相强化(弥散强化和析出强化)、晶界强化、热处理和定向凝固等强化方法进行了论述.分析合金元素在堆焊层中的作用、磨料磨损的形貌以及铁基耐磨合金的耐磨机理.铁基堆焊具有成本低、品种多,且易于改变堆焊层强度、韧性、耐磨性、抗冲击性等优点.铁基堆焊耐磨合金是当前研究的重要方向之一,应用前景广阔.     

Fe-Cr-C系高碳耐磨堆焊合金组织及性能

研究了Fe Cr C高碳耐磨堆焊合金的显微组织及其性能 ,对含碳量为 3 .3 4 %、4 .1 1 %、5 .1 6 %、6 .5 %的四种耐磨堆焊层微观组织及初生碳化物的形态进行了研究 ,分析了碳对微观组织和力学性能的影响。试验结果表明 ,对Fe Cr C耐磨堆焊合金 ,随含碳量的增加 ,初生碳化物数量越来越多且单个碳化物颗粒的体积也变大 ;堆焊层宏观硬度一直持续增加 ;当含碳量 <5 .1 6 %时 ,耐磨性随碳含量的增加而提高 ,但当含碳量到达一定程度时 ,耐磨性反而降低。碳对耐磨堆焊层的组织及性能起着重要作用 ;从理论上分析了湿砂磨损后耐磨面上的孔洞可能就是初生碳化物上的空洞 -晶体缺陷所在地     

硼化物强化铁基堆焊合金显微组织与耐磨性

为了提高在严峻工况条件下工作的机械零件的耐磨性,采用等离子弧堆焊技术,制备硼化物强化铁基堆焊合金。借助OM,SEM和XRD等分析手段对合金组织和硼化物相形貌进行分析,并与未加入硼的Fe-Cr-C的堆焊合金进行对比。结果表明:堆焊合金中加入w(B)4.5%可改变基体的组织组成及硼化物的数量和分布形态,从而改善耐磨性。硼化物由大量菊花状M23(C,B)6和少量块状M7(C,B)3相组成,BC4与Cr2B的数量较少。耐磨粒磨损试验结果表明:堆焊合金的耐磨性随着硼含量的增加而先增大后下降,加入w(B)4.5%的堆焊层中形成的大量高硬度硼化物分布在具有较高强韧性的马氏体和奥氏体基体上,使其具有最佳的耐磨性,其磨损量仅为未加入硼时的1/6。     

Producing hardfacing composite materials for ecologically safe technologies

The application of hardfacing materials for producing high-strength coatings on components working in abrasive wear conditions is one of the important directions of research into increasing the service life of road construction, agricultural and other types of equipment. However, in producing this equipment, the ecological safety requirements are sometimes ignored and this results in negative effects on the environment and the health of personnel. This article describes the results of scientific and research investigations of the team of authors to develop a cladding powder by the method of chemical gas phase deposition of nickel tetracarbonyl on the surface of aluminium oxide particles and application of the powder for producing wear-resistant coatings. The powder materials are deposited in a closed cycle excluding contact of the personnel with toxic substances and emission of contaminants into the atmosphere, resulting in a safe process. Plasma coatings with the required physical–mechanical properties have been produced. This confirms the efficiency of the approaches used in this case and increases the service life of working sections of machines subjected to abrasive wear.     

D256耐磨堆焊接头组织与性能

采用D256耐磨焊条在Q235A钢基体上进行堆焊,研究不同焊接电流下D256堆焊接头组织和性能的变化。试验结果表明:采用D256耐磨焊条堆焊时,焊缝组织为奥氏体和渗碳体,电流较小时,焊缝组织是过饱和奥氏体,随着电流的增大,奥氏体晶粒增大,合金元素溶入,焊缝的硬度与耐磨性均降低。电流增大到140 A时,焊缝中的奥氏体晶粒最大,合金充分溶入奥氏体中,使得焊缝的硬度和耐磨性最低。电流较小时,焊接接头过热区的组织主要是晶粒较粗大铁素体、珠光体和魏氏组织的混合物,电流增大,晶粒增大,在电流140 A时过热区为粗大且明显的魏氏组织。正火区为比母材细小的铁素体和珠光体,堆焊层未出现裂纹,熔合良好,堆焊接头焊缝与HAZ硬度均高于母材,在100 A电流下得到组织和耐磨性能优良的堆焊层。     

极性对全位置自保护耐磨堆焊药芯焊丝工艺性能的影响

通过采集的焊接电流波形图、焊接电流概率密度分布曲线图和焊接电流变异系数评判了不同极性焊接时的电弧稳定性,结果表明, AP-55焊丝直流正接的电弧稳定性优于直流反接;通过飞溅率测试试验对比了不同极性焊接时的飞溅情况,结果表明,AP-55焊丝直流正接的飞溅小于直流反接,且直流正接的飞溅颗粒较小,容易清理。     

Microstructure and wear property of hardfacing alloy with nitrogen strengthening

The nitrogen-alloying hardfacing alloy of the martensitic stainless steel was deposited on a low carbon steel substrate using hardfacing flux-cored wire. Microstructure and surface hardness of hardfacing alloy were investigated and measured by optical microscope and microhardness tester. Carbonitrides of the hardfacing alloy were observed by electron probe. The wear behaviour of the hardfacing alloy was studied using the belt abrasion test apparatus and the worn surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that carbonitride particles in the hardfacing alloy are complex MX (M:alloy elements; X:C, N) precipitate with fine size. These carbonitride particles distributed homogeneously in the hardfacing alloy and had a good strengthening effect on the wear property. The wear property of the hardfacing alloy with nitrogen was better than the one without nitrogen.     

Fe-Cr-V耐磨堆焊合金

制备了用于埋弧焊药芯焊丝的Fe-Cr-V堆焊合金,其成份(质量分数,%)为c0.9～1.5,Cr 13～15,V 1.0-2.0.借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等手段,研究了其显微组织,并考察V和B4C含量对该堆焊合金性能的影响.Fe-Cr-V堆焊合金的显微组织由铁素体 马氏体 (Cr,Fe)23C6等碳化物组成.电子能谱微区分析显示Cr,V元素晶界含量显著高于晶内,随WC加入量提高,晶界与晶内含量差距增大.由于沿晶界析出碳化钒,这使(Cr,Fe)23C6等晶界碳化物呈条状或断续网状分布,起到耐磨骨架作用,避免了网状形态的强烈脆性.结果表明,其磨粒磨损性能显著优于实心焊丝H25Cr3Mo2MnV堆焊合金.     

铁路关键耐磨零件堆焊修复技术

采用四种不同类型的焊条在铁路关键零件上进行堆焊试验,分析不同堆焊金属的硬度及显微组织,同时测试不同试样的磨损失重量,在体视显微镜下观察了不同试样的磨损形貌.结果表明,高铬铸铁型堆焊合金中含有大量的初生及共晶碳化物,堆焊金属硬度约HRC60,当碳化物分布均匀且密集时,可大大提高堆焊金属的耐磨性.