纳米改性对短纤维橡胶基密封复合材料性能的影响

以碳纤维、短玻纤为增强纤维,采用压延成张工艺制备纳米CaCO3填充改性橡胶基密封复合材料(NAFC材料),以材料的横向抗拉强度、压缩回弹率和应力松弛率为评价指标,试验研究了纳米填充改性对NAFC材料性能的影响.结果表明,纳米填充改性可有效增强纤维、橡胶基体间的界面结合度,使材料的强度、耐温性能以及密封综合性能得到明显的提高,同时,对改善材料加工工艺性也有较好的作用.     

冷却工艺对填充聚四氟乙烯结晶度和性能的影响

分别以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和化学改性聚四氟乙烯(m-PTFE)为基体,以青铜粉为填充剂,通过冷压烧结法制备质量分数40%青铜粉填充的PTFE材料,并考察缓慢冷却、中速冷却和骤冷3种不同冷却工艺对填充PTFE的结晶度、机械和摩擦学性能及密封性能的影响。结果发现:冷却速率对PTFE复合材料的结晶度和性能影响较大;骤冷可以降低PTFE复合材料的结晶度和硬度,提高拉伸强度;与普通的PTFE相比,冷却速率对化学改性的PTFE复合材料的影响更大;采用骤冷的烧结工艺和化学改性的PTFE可以得到硬度较低的PTFE复合材料,从而大大降低泄漏量,提高密封效果。     

PTFE复合材料密封圈摩擦特性的对比研究

为优选摩擦性能优异的密封用PTFE复合材料,搭建往复密封测试台架,对比研究5类填充PTFE密封圈在长期运行工况下的摩擦磨损性能,并对其失效机制进行分析。结果表明:含Cr_2O_3减磨剂的青铜/PTFE复合材料具有优异的低摩擦、耐磨损与抗蠕变性能,泄漏量较少(往复30万次泄漏为10 mL),性能最优;碳粉/石墨填充的PTFE复合材料虽然摩擦因数较低,但其磨损量较大,泄漏量较多;碳纤、玻纤填充的PTFE复合材料摩擦力最大,且抗蠕变性能差,试验过程中密封圈径向尺寸变化明显,泄漏量大。对PTFE往复密封圈而言,填充Cr_2O_3减磨剂的青铜/PTFE复合材料具有较高的实用价值。     

碳纤维/玻璃纤维/石墨协同改性PTFE复合材料力学性能

通过机械混合、冷压和烧结成型制备了碳纤维、玻璃纤维和石墨填充协同改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料。对比分析了不同样品的拉伸、冲击和压缩等力学性能。结果表明:玻纤和碳纤维使复合材料冲击强度下降;玻纤使复合材料拉伸强度下降,碳纤维则使复合材料拉伸强度稍有增强;玻纤和碳纤维均使复合材料压缩强度增加,但碳纤维的增强效果更为明显;石墨、玻纤和碳纤维协同增强PTFE复合材料的拉伸强度较高,弹性模量较大,断裂伸长率较高,抗压缩性能明显提高,且材料拉伸时呈塑性断裂,是综合力学性能较好的高性能润滑密封材料。     

PTFE复合材料高温摩擦磨损性能研究

研究了高温条件下不同填料填充的PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,并与常温下的摩擦磨损性能进行了比较.结果表明青铜粉、纤维填充的复合材料在高温下表现出与常温相反的摩擦磨损规律;碳类填充复合材料在不同温度下则表现出较为稳定的规律;特种塑料改性的PTFE复合材料,具有极好的综合性能.     

臭氧刻蚀改性Nomex/PTFE织物复合材料界面性能及摩擦学性能*

为提高Nomex/PTFE混编织物增强复合材料的界面性能和摩擦学性能,选用臭氧刻蚀改性方法对Nomex纤维和PTFE纤维进行表面改性,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、接触角测定仪和能谱仪（EDS）研究臭氧刻蚀时间下纤维的表面形貌和官能团变化,采用多试件摩擦磨损试验机测试Nomex/PTFE织物复合材料的摩擦学性能,采用SEM和能谱仪（EDS）表征复合材料和对偶的磨损面。结果表明：臭氧刻蚀能够明显改变Nomex纤维和PTFE纤维的表面形貌,提高纤维的亲水性和与树脂的黏接性能,但会降低其力学性能;臭氧刻蚀处理后复合材料的界面性能和耐磨损性能有所提高,最优处理时间为1 h,磨损率可降低16.7%～20%。原因在于纤维表面粗糙度和含氧官能团的增加有利于提高纤维与树脂的界面结合强度,并减少作用力在材料界面上的应力集中效应。     

石墨烯/聚四氟乙烯复合密封材料的制备及性能研究

采用硅烷偶联剂KH550无水乙醇溶液和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)水溶液对石墨烯进行表面活化处理,采用冷压成型烧结工艺制备石墨烯改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合密封材料,研究石墨烯含量及其表面活化处理方法对材料性能的影响。研究表明,SDBS对经双氧水处理的石墨烯进行表面活化可以有效改善石墨烯的团聚现象,其改善效果优于KH550;质量分数为1%左右的石墨烯即能有效提高PTFE的机械强度、硬度、压缩回弹性能、蠕变松弛性能和密封性能,墨烯改性PTFE复合材料具有较好的实际应用价值。     

PTFE基改性复合材料的摩擦磨损性能及其在铁路机械中的应用

概述了聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）基自润滑改性复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究新进展。讨论了纤维增强、无机填充、有机共混和离子注入表面改性复合材料的摩擦学性能以及PTFE基改性复合材料在铁路机械中的应用。     

稀土化合物对PTFE基三层复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

将混合稀土氧化物分别以粉末和卤化物溶液的方式添加到 PTFE 材料中,制备几种含铅和聚酰亚胺（PI）改性无铅 PTFE 基三层复合材料,考察稀土氧化物 PTFE 基三层复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,并分析稀土的作用机制。结果表明：在 PTFE 三层复合材料配方中掺杂稀土元素,可以明显提高复合材料各组分之间的界面结合性能,有利于减少摩擦过程中界面龟纹的产生,保持摩擦表面的光洁平整性;采用稀土卤化物溶液改性 PTFE 材料时,稀土元素在 PT-FE 材料中分布更均匀,对 PTFE 材料的改性效果更明显。     

不同纤维增强和不同固体润滑剂改性PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

以碳纤维或玻璃纤维为增强纤维,二硫化钼(MoS_2)或石墨为固体润滑剂,制备了不同配方的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料;在干摩擦和油润滑条件下对复合材料进行了摩擦磨损试验,观察了其磨损形貌,并分析了不同增强纤维和固体润滑剂对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:在干摩擦条件下,当固体润滑剂相同时,与玻璃纤维增强的相比,碳纤维增强PTFE复合材料的磨痕宽度更小、摩擦因数更大,而当增强纤维相同时,MoS_2改性PTFE复合材料的磨痕宽度比石墨改性的小,摩擦因数比石墨改性的大;在油润滑条件下,当固体润滑剂相同时,碳纤维增强PTFE复合材料的磨痕宽度比玻璃纤维增强的小,摩擦因数比玻璃纤维增强的大,当增强纤维相同时,MoS_2改性PTFE复合材料的磨痕宽度比石墨改性的略低,摩擦因数比石墨改性的大。     

基于斯特封的往复密封摩擦磨损界面性能实验研究

斯特封是常用的往复密封件,其中斯特封的PTFE圈性能及活塞杆表面材料在往复密封过程中起着重要作用。搭建往复密封实验台,取4组添加碳纤维PTFE的密封圈分别与镀Cr膜活塞杆和镀DLC膜活塞杆进行往复密封台架实验,实验后获取使用过的4组密封圈作为实验样本,并取1个全新未使用的添加碳纤维PTFE的密封圈作为参考样本。通过三维白光干涉表面形貌仪、场发射环境扫描电子显微镜和冷场发射高分辨扫描电子显微镜分别对实验样本的密封唇进行表面形貌、表面磨损和磨损表面元素进行测定。通过实验测定,得出镀膜材料脱落形成磨粒导致密封圈表面磨损。还对密封圈的加工方法和活塞杆镀膜材料的选择提出了建议。     

碳纤维表面化学镀铜工艺优化及摩擦性能研究

研究了碳纤维表面预处理和化学镀铜工艺,采用正交设计方法对碳纤维镀铜工艺进行优化,并对制备的镀铜碳纤维进行SEM和XRD微观表征.在镀铜碳纤维中加入PTFE制备固体润滑复合材料,并进行摩擦磨损实验.实验结果表明:碳纤维表面有C= =O及C-O-C等极性基团,能与铜产生较好的机械结合力;经过解胶、还原等表面处理后,碳纤维表面形成凹槽和微孔,便于化学镀时铜附着在其表面;化学镀后铜与碳纤维结合紧密,碳纤维表面镀层光亮、均匀致密、具有较好的结合力;采用化学镀原料配比CuSO4·5H2O 15 g/L,EDTA 25 g/L,NaOH 16 g/L制得的镀铜碳纤维,其镀铜量居中,加入PTFE所制得的固体润滑材料摩擦因数和磨损量较低,且摩擦因数有下降的趋势.     

Effect of Surface Characteristics on Compressive Stress and Leakage Rate in Gasketed Flanged Joints

The effect of surface characteristics on compressive stress and leakage rate in gasketed flanged joints is discussed qualitatively and quantitatively based on experimental verifications. The sensitivity of the sealing phenomenon to the sealing surface characteristics, gas pressure and stress level is presented. Sealing surfaces produced with grinding, turning and milling procedures of different roughness values were the subject of the tests with three types of gasket, namely, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), graphite, and spiral wound. The experimental results indicated that the roughness value Ra (average arithmetic height) has no effect on the sealing performance of the gasket, except for the ground type sealing surfaces. The platen (flange) surface forms were found to be the determining factor on the leakage rate and flow regime for gasketed flanged joints. It is shown that the surface characteristics have no effect on the leakage rate and on the gasket performance for the PTFE gasket at high stress levels. However, at low stress levels the rougher ground and milled sealing surfaces having radial channels on the surface produce larger leakage rates. The effect of surface characteristics, stress level, and gas pressure was more evident on the graphite and spiral wound gasket types, at both low and high stress levels. It is also shown that the leakage rate follows an exponential law as a factor of surface stress and gas pressure, for all sealing surface characteristics and gasket types. While there is little difference in the leakage rate for the PTFE gasket when the gasket stress level is increased by a factor of two, from S3 to S5, a substantial leakage rate reduction by a ratio of 17.5 times was observed for the graphite and spiral wound gaskets for most sealing surfaces. On the other hand, when increasing the helium gas pressure from 200 to 800 p.s.i., the leakage rate increased by 5 times for the PTFE, and up to10 times for the graphite and the spiral wound gaskets. It was determined that while molecular flow regimes can be achieved for the PTFE gasket for all sealing surfaces, the two other gasket types provided laminar flow under the same operating conditions.     

填料对聚四氟乙烯工程塑料改性的影响

研究了MoS2、PbS、石墨、玻璃纤维、碳纤维等填料对聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）工程塑料抗磨损、摩察系数、表面硬度、耐冲击强度等性能的影响。结果表明：填料可将PTFE的磨损量降低2个数量级，石墨和适量硬质填料的协同作用对PTFE的改性效果比较理想，既降低了PTFE的磨损量，增大了表面硬度，又提高了耐冲击强度。对其作用机理进行了分析和探讨，为材料的性能优化提供理论依据。     

基于液压往复密封的聚醚醚酮性能研究及其应用

针对液压往复密封的低摩擦、高耐磨、耐高压抗挤出、耐液压油等独特工况条件,采用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和碳纤维对聚醚醚酮(PEEK)材料进行填充改性,研究改性PEEK材料的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能,并与填料改性PTFE材料进行比较。通过结构设计和有限元仿真分析,对改性PEEK材料与弹性体材料组合的密封件在不同温度下的密封性能进行了模拟和分析,并通过密封功能试验对模拟分析结果进行了验证。结果发现:质量分数20%PTFE填充改性PEEK材料的摩擦因数最低,且其对金属摩擦副无损伤,更适用于液压往复密封;组合密封能有效克服PEEK材料弹性性能差、安装困难的不足。有限元仿真分析结果表明,组合密封在不同温度下能很好适应42 MPa的压力。密封功能试验表明,组合密封比单一PEEK材料密封的启动摩擦力小、泄漏率低,证明改性PEEK材料可替代聚四氟乙烯和尼龙材料应用在液压往复密封领域。     

On the friction and wear behavior of PTFE composite filled with rare earths treated carbon fibers under oil-lubricated condition

Carbon fibers (CF) were surface treated with air-oxidation, air-oxidation followed by rare earths (RE) treatment and RE treatment, respectively. The friction and wear properties of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites filled with differently surface treated carbon fibers, sliding against GCr15 steel under oil lubrication, were investigated on a reciprocating ball-on-disk UMT-2MT tribometer. The worn surfaces of the PTFE composites were examined using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Experimental results revealed that surface treatment of carbon fibers reduced the wear of CF-reinforced PTFE composites. Among all the treatments to carbon fibers, RE treatment was the most effective and lowest friction and wear rate of CF-reinforced PTFE composite was exhibited, owing to the effective improvement of the interfacial adhesion between the carbon fibers and PTFE matrix.     

固体润滑剂对碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

分别制备了PTFE／碳纤维、MoS2／碳纤维混杂增强的尼龙66复合材料,用MM-2000型摩擦磨损试验机评价其摩擦磨损性能,用SEM和XPS分析了磨损表面。结果表明：PTFE／碳纤维混杂增强可以明显改善尼龙复合材料摩擦学性能;MoS2／碳纤维混杂增强没有改善复合材料的摩擦学性能;MoS2在摩擦过程中氧化生成的MoO3充当了摩擦副之间的磨粒,其磨损机理推测为粘着和磨粒磨损的综合作用。     

无油润滑空压机填料密封环的摩擦特性

在往复式无油润滑压缩机装置上,试验研究了普通填充聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、30%碳纤维增强PTFE和C/C+PTFE三种不同材料填料密封环的摩擦力、摩擦功率和摩擦温度。结果表明,普通填充PTFE材料的摩擦力受活塞平均滑行速度的影响最大,其摩擦功率和摩擦温度也最大。虽然C/C+PTFE的摩擦功率略高于30%碳纤维增强PTFE,但其摩擦温度比30%碳纤维增强PTFE低。由于C/C+PTFE具有非常良好的力学性能和较好摩擦特性,它有望成为高压、高速工作条件下的密封环材料。     

PTFE基复合材料海水润滑下的摩擦学性能研究

研究碳纤维/聚四氟乙烯（CF/PTFE）、玻璃纤维/聚四氟乙烯（GF/PTFE）复合材料与氮化硅陶瓷配副在海水环境下的摩擦学性能与润滑机制,分析滑动速度对摩擦副海水润滑性能的影响规律。结果表明：在海水润滑条件下,随着滑动速度的增加,PTFE、CF/PTFE、GF/PTFE材料与Si3N4陶瓷配副时的摩擦学性能均有明显改善,摩擦因数与磨损率均呈显著降低的趋势,其中CF/PTFE复合材料表现出更为优异的摩擦学性能,在1 000 r/min滑动速度下摩擦因数低至0.026。磨损表面表征结果表明,在海水润滑条件下,PTFE基复合材料在摩擦过程中由于摩擦化学反应生成了润滑膜,可为摩擦副提供良好的润滑和减磨作用,从而减少摩擦磨损行为的发生。     

Effect of rare earths on mechanical and tribological properties of carbon fibers reinforced PTFE composite

The effect of a rare earth (RE) surface treatment on the mechanical and tribological properties of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites was experimentally investigated. The tensile properties of the CF reinforced PTFE (CF/PTFE) composites treated with air oxidation and RE modifier were superior to those of untreated CF/PTFE composites, while RE treatment was most effective in promoting the tensile strength and strain at break of the CF/PTFE composite. The bending strength of the RE treated CF/PTFE composite was improved by about 16% compared with that of untreated composites, while 2% improvement was achieved by air oxidation. Under oil-lubricated conditions, RE treatment was more effective than air oxidation to reduce the friction coefficient and wear of PTFE composite. RE treatment effectively improved the interfacial adhesion between CF and PTFE. The strong interfacial coupling of the composite made CF not easy to detach from the PTFE matrix, and prevented the rubbing-off of PTFE, accordingly improved the friction and wear properties of the composite.