中厚板EMAT无损探伤的特点

介绍了基于电磁效应的中厚板EMAT(电磁超声波换能器)探伤装置的基本原理和主要技术特点,并与传统的基于压电效应的PET(压电超声换能器)自动探伤装置进行了比较分析。EMAT自动探伤装置具备检测钢板温度范围广、无需耦合介质、探伤速度快和抗干扰性强等优点,未来在中厚板行业将具有良好发展前景。     

板状结构缺陷电磁超声导波检测技术研究进展

概述了国内外板状结构缺陷电磁超声导波检测技术的研究进展。从激发兰姆波的电磁超声换能器(EMAT)技术、EMAT的优化设计、超声导波聚焦、EMAT接收信号超声波成像技术等方面,对板状结构缺陷无损检测技术取得的突破进行了评述。提出了有待进一步解决的问题。     

基于偏置磁场EMAT表面波换能器效率的分析

为提高常规EMAT(电磁超声)换能器效率,设计一种新型偏置磁场EMAT换能器。利用有限元软件建立EMAT激励表面波的二维仿真模型,对比分析常规和偏置EMAT对激励表面波的影响。最后设计正交试验研究磁铁高度、磁铁宽度、线圈高度、线圈宽度和线圈提离对偏置EMAT激励表面波的影响规律,并通过试验验证了其准确性,此外还研究了偏置磁铁对接收EMAT的影响。结果表明,偏置EMAT换能器激励的表面波幅值比常规EMAT的提高了51%,并且该方法不会在频域信息上发生主频分叉畸变问题,采用偏置EMAT接收的信号幅值比常规EMAT的提高了38%,偏置EMAT能有效提高检测灵敏度。     

电磁超声换能器在残余应力超声测量中的应用

简述电磁超声换能器(EMAT)的基本原理,介绍几种EMAT的结构及其在超声波残余应力测量中的应用.     

基于S构型内检式EMAT的管道裂纹电磁超声螺旋导波定量检测

为了解决传统轴向导波对管道斜向裂纹检测灵敏度低的缺点，基于电磁超声螺旋导波检测机理，提出了一种适用于管道斜向裂纹检测的S构型内检式EMAT(电磁超声换能器)。针对所提换能器，建立金属管道电磁超声螺旋导波检测有限元模型，探究不同螺旋角螺旋导波在管道上的传播过程和回波信号特征。搭建了电磁超声螺旋导波检测试验系统，采用所提EMAT和L(0,2)轴向导波EMAT对斜向裂纹进行检测。试验结果表明，S构型内检式EMAT对于斜向裂纹具有更高的检测灵敏度，对于裂纹的高分辨率检测具有重要意义。     

曲折线圈折线角度对EMAT换能效率的影响

针对曲折线圈型电磁超声换能器的换能效率,分析了不同折线角度曲折线圈对EMAT(电磁超声换能器)换能效率的影响。根据声束指向原理,通过改变载流导线的角度,设计了0°、30°、60°、90°曲折线圈激励产生电磁超声导波,并采用收发分离式换能器结构在钢板上进行检测试验。结果表明,曲折线圈载流导线角度为0°时,EMAT激发的声波能量集中,方向性好,回波信号幅值强,为钢板的长距离检测提供了可能;曲折线圈载流导线角度增加为30°、60°、90°时,EMAT激发的声波信号纯净,简化了模态分析,对工程中钢板检测的信号简化处理具有重要意义。     

电磁超声表面波的铝板检测技术

针对电磁超声换能器激发导波多模态的问题,研究了单极性磁钢作用下具有曲折线圈结构的EMAT在铝板中的工作机理,以及固定激发频率下曲折线圈间距对该EMAT激发导波多模态的影响。利用ANSYS有限元软件对不同线圈间距的电磁超声换能器进行仿真,分析质点所受洛伦兹力。只改变线圈间距的情况下在铝板上对1.5mm、3mm、5mm三种间距的曲折线圈进行对比实验。实验结果表明线圈间距小于1.5mm时,换能器在铝板上激发出的表面波现象增强。     

多通道体导一体电磁超声换能器的优化设计

为了减少多通道电磁超声换能器的磁铁数量,提高检测信号的信噪比,提出了一种组合型磁铁结构EMAT(电磁超声换能器),使用该EMAT可以在一次检测过程中完成超声测厚、轴向导波和周向导波扫查。通过仿真优化了换能器结构设计,分析了其结构参数对磁场强度的影响。设计换能器并搭建试验平台,验证了模型结构的正确性。与传统换能器的励磁效果相比,该换能器在工件近表面产生的磁场强度较大,可以在一次检测中同时完成测厚与轴向和周向两个方向的导波扫查;测厚信号的信噪比提升了2 dB,导波信号的信噪比提升了19.5%,检测效率得到提高。     

点聚焦表面波EMAT声场特性及其试验

针对曲折线圈电磁超声换能器(EMAT)换能效率和信噪比低的问题,建立了点聚焦EMAT的三维声场有限元模型,通过瞬态和稳态分析,分析了激励频率、线圈匝数和导线长度对点聚焦EMAT的声场聚焦特性以及缺陷回波特征的影响规律。搭建了0.5 MHz点聚焦EMAT检测系统,用于铝板中不同直径的圆孔检测,并与传统的曲折线圈EMAT进行对比。结果表明:采用点聚焦表面波EMAT,可以极大程度地提高信噪比和缺陷检测能力。     

ASTM E816-96利用电磁声换能器(EMAT)技术进行超声检查的标准方法

1　范围1 .1　本标准规定了利用电磁声换能器 ( EMAT)进行特定的超声波检测的工艺规程和方法。推荐利用EMAT技术进行表面检测、整体检测和测厚的特定应用。1 .2　本标准方法为利用电磁声换能器能产生和接收超声波信息进行可靠的能再生的超声波整体检测和测厚提供了技术细节和指导方针。在这一点上 ,EMAT技术可以作为一种基础性技术为各种元件的适用性和生产的过程控制提供无损评估办法。1 .3　本标准方法包含了一些非接触性检测方法 ,这些方法是利用电磁场产生连续不断的超声波能量进入到样品中去的方法进行检测的。常用到的波形有表面…     

Optimal design of EMAT transmitters

A three-part finite element model is developed that characterizes the ultrasonic pulse produced by an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT). The model represents several significant improvements over previously published works, as follows: (a) spatial inhomogeneities in the magnetic flux density are calculated and then incorporated in the determination of body forces, (b) an improved model of the electromagnetic induction phenomenon is formulated, allowing a more accurate evaluation of the ultrasonic pulse launched by an EMAT transmitter and (c) results from the model are compared directly with experimental measurements, yielding discrepancies of the order of 15% in the amplitude of the ultrasonic pulse. The new model is used to optimize the design of the EMAT system. In particular, a parametric study was conducted on the effects of varying an EMAT's magnet-to-coil width ratio. For the EMAT configuration considered, significant improvements can be achieved in the ultrasonic beam amplitude and profile by increasing the ratio to about 1.2; further increases in magnet dimensions yield only marginal improvements in the ultrasonic beam, at the cost of excessive EMAT size.     

Enhancement of signal amplitude of surface wave EMATs based on 3-D simulation analysis and orthogonal test method

The amplitude of an ultrasonic signal generated by electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) is typically low when compared to those generated by contacting transducers, which restricts the application of EMATs in the fields of nondestructive testing and nondestructive evaluation. The transmission process of a surface wave EMAT is studied, based on a previously established 3-D model, with the aim of enhancing the amplitude of ultrasonic waves generated by the EMAT. The effect of changing various EMAT parameters on the surface wave is investigated, by utilizing the orthogonal test method. Results indicate that after optimization, the signal amplitude of the EMAT has increased by 25.2%.     

考虑电磁机械耦合效应的电磁超声数值模拟方法

提出了考虑速度效应电磁机械耦合的电磁超声数值模拟方法,并开发了相应的程序。该方法在控制方程中导入了速度诱发电场项,并采用退化向量位法(Ar)进行涡流场数值模拟和采用有限元及逐步积分方法进行超声波计算。数值模拟所得EMAT信号和超声波传播过程均证实了本方法和程序的有效性。为了确定耦合效应的影响,对考虑耦合和忽略耦合两种情况分别在不同条件下进行了数值模拟。通过比较振动幅值和洛伦兹力的模拟结果,证实耦合效应对EMAT数值模拟结果影响并不显著。     

电磁超声高温测厚原理及应用案例

电磁超声是超声波无损检测的一个分支。该技术利用电磁场的相互作用,在被测材料表面产生超声波。因此,电磁超声无损检测过程无需使用耦合剂,并且支持非接触检测。不停工情况下的在役管道以及其他压力容器的剩余壁厚测量是当今无损检测领域的一个研究热点。在常温管道测量方面,使用传统的压电超声可以比较精确地测量管道的剩余壁厚。但是,在高温管道测量方面,目前高温耦合剂还是存在易于挥发、效果不稳定的缺点,而且价格昂贵,不利于实际应用。文章介绍了电磁超声测厚的基本原理、电磁超声厚度测量的仪器设备、探头及其使用范围。结合高温管道测厚的实际应用案例,对电磁超声测厚应用进行了阐述、分析和总结。最后得出,电磁超声由于无需接触、不需要耦合剂等特点,对材料的高温测厚具有独特的优势。     

Evaluation of an EMAT–EC dual probe in sizing extent of wall thinning

An electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT)–eddy current (EC) dual probe is developed to assess wall thinning. With a view to developing compatible EMAT and EC operating modes, probe’s capability to size width and depth of wall thinning is quantitatively evaluated. Experiments carried out on austenitic stainless steel plates with various groove sizes show that the EMAT mode of the dual probe functions best when thinning is shallow but wide, whereas the EC mode functions best when thinning is deep but narrow. Mode complementarity indicates that this dual probe offers greater reliability in wall thinning monitoring.     

Enhancement of ultrasonic signal using a new design of Rayleigh-wave electromagnetic acoustic transducer

The main disadvantage of electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) is their inefficiency in generating ultrasound. A new design of Rayleigh-wave EMAT is proposed with improved ultrasonic generation efficiency on non-ferromagnetic materials. The new EMAT's magnet is narrower than the meander-line coil used in the transducer and the coil itself has an uneven distribution of conductors. The principle of the new design is informed by finite element simulations, which show that the EMAT generates Rayleigh waves more efficiently by taking advantage of both horizontal and vertical magnetic fields of the magnet simultaneously. Experimental measurements verify that the maximum amplitude of the ultrasonic signal generated by the new design of EMAT working under a pulse-echo configuration has been enhanced by 90%, when compared to conventional designs.     

A hybrid nondestructive testing method of pulsed eddy current testing and electromagnetic acoustic transducer techniques for simultaneous surface and volumetric defects inspection

In this paper, a hybrid nondestructive testing (NDT) method combining with the pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) method and the electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) method has been proposed and validated through numerical simulations and experiments. First, a numerical code is developed for the simulation of hybrid EMAT/PECT signals based on the developed EMAT and PECT code. Second, based on the numerical simulation, the influences of the eddy current induced by the excitation coil and the eddy current due to the velocity effect of the ultrasonic wave are compared and analyzed. In addition, the features of the EMAT and the PECT signals are analyzed respectively. Third, several signal separation and extraction methods are proposed on the basis of the spectral analysis and filtering strategies for extracting EMAT and PECT signals from the mixed signals of the hybrid EMAT/PECT method and their validity are evaluated through experiments. Finally, hybrid EMAT/PECT experiments are conducted and three types of defects (surface defects, bottom thinning defects, composite defects) in an aluminum plate and a SUS304 plate are successfully detected at the same time using the proposed hybrid NDT method and the signal feature parameters. Based on the numerical and experimental results, the proposed hybrid PECT/EMAT NDT method is demonstrated both high detectability and high efficiency for detecting surface and volumetric defects at the same time.     

电磁超声换能器的微弱信号检测

电磁超声换能器的换能效率很低,得到的接收信号十分微弱。为了改善接收信号质量,采用了基于谐振理论的选频放大技术、基于互相关理论的锁相放大技术以及平均技术3种方法对电磁超声接收信号进行处理。实验表明,所设计的选频放大电路和锁相放大电路均能将微弱的电磁超声接收信号从强噪声背景中分离,而平均技术则能够有效改善接收信号的信噪比。最后给出了电磁超声系统联调的实验波形,并对3种检测技术的优缺点进行了分析。     

电磁超声传感器检测不同材质钢管的试验研究

通过试验确定了不同材质钢管的磁致伸缩曲线，得到了不同材质钢管缺陷检测的电磁超声传感器（EMAT）直流电磁铁的励磁电流与超声波幅值的关系，确定了最佳励磁电流，并得出其变化规律与磁致伸缩曲线变化趋势一致的结论。为电磁超声传感器设计和开发提供了依据。