环氧油酸新戊二醇酯的制备及应用性能研究

以油酸和新戊二醇为原料,通过酯化反应和环氧化反应制备了新型环保增塑剂环氧油酸新戊二醇酯（ENDO）,采用红外光谱仪（FTIR）和核磁共振仪对ENDO的结构进行了表征,并通过转矩流变仪、超低温脆化试验仪、老化试验机和万能试验机测试对比了ENDO、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）、已二酸二辛酯（DOA）或偏苯三酸三辛酯（TOTM）增塑的聚氯乙烯（PVC）样品的流变性能、低温脆化性能、耐溶剂抽出性能和耐老化性能。结果表明,本实验成功制备了预期增塑剂产品ENDO;增塑PVC混合物料扭矩由大到小对应的增塑剂为TOTM、ENDO、DOP、DOA,能耗由大到小对应的增塑剂为TOTM、ENDO、DOA、DOP;ENDO增塑PVC样品的低温脆化性能可通过-30 ℃测试;当溶剂为正己烷时,DOP、ENDO、DOA和TOTM增塑PVC样品的断裂伸长率残留率依次为88.24 %、87.99 %、1.69 %和0.71 %,当溶剂为无水乙醇时,为79.00 %、96.22 %、72.76 %和74.52 %;ENDO增塑PVC样品老化后的断裂伸长率残留率、拉伸强度变化率及热老化质量损失均小于TOTM增塑的PVC样品。     

生物基增塑剂HM-828性能及其对PVC性能的影响

研究了新型环保生物基增塑剂二乙酰环氧植物油酸甘油酯(HM-828)的结构及主要性能;选用环氧大豆油(ESO)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)、已二酸二辛酯(DOA)、偏苯三酸三辛酯(TOTM)及HM-828为增塑剂分别制备了增塑聚氯乙烯(PVC),对添加40份增塑剂的PVC制品的动态热稳定性、热老化质量损失、拉伸性能、硬度等进行表征。结果表明:六种增塑PVC混合物料中,DOA扭矩最小,加工能耗最低;HM-828的增塑性能与DOP和DINP相近;DOP/DINP/DOA/TOTM四种物料的耐热性不及HM-828和ESO;六种增塑PVC制品的热老化质量损失为DOADOPDINPHM-828TOTMESO;其拉伸强度均大于20 MPa,断裂伸长率均大于270%;以DOP/DINP/DOA增塑PVC制品的邵氏硬度比另外三种高出7度左右。     

增塑剂TP-95用量对丙烯酸酯橡胶性能的影响

研究醚酯类增塑剂TP-95用量对丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)性能的影响,并与增塑剂DOP进行对比.结果表明:增塑剂TP-95的增塑效果优于增塑剂DOP,增塑剂TP-95增塑ACM硫化胶的耐热老化性能较好,耐油性能相当;随着增塑剂TP-95用量的增大,ACM胶料的门尼粘度下降,硫化胶的硬度、100％定伸应力和拉伸强度减小,压缩永久变形无明显变化,耐低温性能和耐油性能显著提高.     

环境友好型增塑剂增塑聚氯乙烯体系的性能表征

以传统增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)为比较对象,研究了对苯二酸二辛酯(DOTP)、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)、己二酸二辛酯(DOA)、癸二酸二辛酯(DOS)4种环境友好型增塑剂对聚氯乙烯(PVC)体系的力学性能和耐油、耐溶剂性能的影响,并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法和差示扫描量热法对试样分子结构进行了表征。结果表明:①ATBC/PVC体系的Tg最高(-22.1℃);DOS/PVC体系的Tg最低(-65.4℃),耐寒性最佳;②ATBC、DOA、DOS增塑PVC的力学性能整体上优于DOP增塑的PVC;③在异辛烷、正己烷和ASTM 1#标准油3种萃取剂中,5种增塑剂在正己烷中的最终抽出率最大;在同一萃取剂中,ATBC的最终抽出率最小;④针对不同使用领域,DOPT、ATBC、DOA、DOS可替代DOP增塑PVC。     

低分子量聚四氢呋喃二苯甲酸酯的增塑性能分析

以传统的邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）和聚醚型二甘醇二苯甲酸酯（DEDB）增塑剂作对比,对聚四氢呋喃二苯甲酸酯（PTMGDB₅₀₀）增塑剂增塑的聚氯乙烯（PVC）材料进行研究。本文对增塑剂增塑的PVC材料进行了FTIR和TG表征,并考察了其力学性能、耐乙醇抽出性及耐迁移性。结果表明,增塑剂PTMGDB₅₀₀增塑的PVC材料在力学性能上介于DOP和DEDB两者之间,而PTMGDB₅₀₀与PVC间的相互作用更强,在耐迁移、耐乙醇抽出、耐热及耐压等性能方面均优于DOP及DEDB,因此PTMGDB₅₀₀可作为部分替代DOP和DEDB的增塑剂。     

环境友好增塑剂在PVC中的应用

选用5种国际公认的非邻苯类环保增塑剂环己烷-1,2-二羧酸二异壬酯(DINCH)、环己烷-1,2-二羧酸二异辛酯(DEHCH)、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)、偏苯三酸三辛酯(TOTM)和聚己二酸丙二醇酯(PPA)增塑PVC,与目前广泛使用的邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)增塑的PVC在力学性能、光学性能、热稳定性、耐溶剂抽出性等方面进行对比。结果表明:TOTM增塑PVC的力学性能最佳,拉伸强度可达24. 33 MPa,断裂伸长率可达340. 29%; TOTM和PPA增塑PVC的热稳定性优于其他增塑剂增塑样品,外延起始温度分别达到了281. 80和282. 88℃; PPA耐溶剂抽出性能最佳,50份PPA增塑PVC的样品分别在去离子水、乙醇和石油醚中浸泡96 h后质量损失基本为0。     

环保增塑剂在丁腈橡胶中的应用

系统研究环保增塑剂TP-95,TP-90B,BXA-R,TOTM和DOTP对丁腈橡胶(NBR)综合性能的影响,并与常用的增塑剂DBP进行对比。结果显示:与增塑剂DBP相比,添加增塑剂TP-95和TP-90B的混炼胶的门尼粘度低,增塑效果最佳,耐低温性能优良;添加增塑剂TOTM的硫化胶的耐热性优良,压缩永久变形和热老化后物理性能变化率较小;添加增塑剂BXA-R的硫化胶的综合性能最佳,既具有良好的耐热性能,又具有较好的耐低温和耐油性能。     

810酯在汽车密封条用PVC软质粒料中的应用

研究了将 810酯和DOP按各种比例混合作主增塑剂 ,用于制作汽车密封条用PVC软质粒料 ;试验了810酯用量比对材料硬度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、回弹性、热失重、熔体流动速率的影响。实验结果表明 ,810酯完全可以替代DOP作为主增塑剂使用 ,它的增塑效率与DOP相当。用它作增塑剂制作的PVC材料 ,其耐寒性、回弹性、耐挥发性均优于用DOP制作的材料 ;虽然材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率略有下降 ,但均能达到和超过汽车密封条用PVC软质粒料质量标准。     

3种增塑剂对氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶性能的影响

研究增塑剂TOTM,TP-95和TP-90B对氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶性能的影响,并与增塑剂DOP进行对比。结果表明:加入增塑剂TP-95和TP-90B的胶料t90缩短,而加入增塑剂TOTM的胶料t90延长;加入增塑剂TP-90B的硫化胶物理性能较好;增塑剂TOTM具有更好的热稳定性;加入增塑剂可提高硫化胶的低温脆性,增塑剂TP-95硫化胶的低温脆性最佳;加入增塑剂会降低硫化胶的阻燃性能,增塑剂TP-90B硫化胶的阻燃性能下降程度最小。     

填充剂、增塑剂对PVC轻型输送带覆盖胶性能的影响

研究了不同填充剂、增塑剂对PVC轻型输送带覆盖胶性能的影响。结果表明：白炭黑对PVC轻型输送带覆盖胶的力学性能、耐磨性能和硬度的影响最大;填充剂用量增加时,拉伸强度逐渐减小,冲击强度、硬度逐渐增大。与DOP,DCP和DOA相比,TXP的增塑效果最好;添加5份增塑剂时有反增塑现象发生．拉仲强度提高。在无毒输送带中应使用环保型环氧大豆油作为增塑剂。     

Effect of ketal group in castor oil acid-based plasticizer on the properties of poly(vinyl chloride)

Two castor oil acid esters containing a ketal or ketone group (KCL or CL), as alternative plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), were prepared. The structures were confirmed by ¹H NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. The effects of the presence of a ketal or ketone group in these compounds on PVC plasticization were examined. The DMA and SEM results showed that both plasticizers were miscible with PVC and exhibited excellent plasticizing properties, compared to those of dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The PVC plasticized by KCL displayed a lower T_g value of 20.6 ° C, which was lower than that of PVC plasticized with DOP (22.3 ° C) and PVC plasticized with CL (40.5 ° C). Tensile tests indicated that PVC plasticized using KCL showed a 37% higher of elongation at break than PVC plasticized by CL and 30% higher than PVC plasticized by DOP. The plasticizing mechanism was also investigated. Moreover, exudation, volatility, and extraction tests, along with TGA indicated that the presence of ketal groups effectively improved the migration resistance of plasticizer and the thermal stability of PVC blends. Taken together, introducing ketal groups into plasticizer might be an effective strategy for improving its plasticizing efficiency.     

增塑剂对PVC电缆料电性能的影响

介绍了DBP、TPP、DOP、TOTM、TCP、DIDP及M－50等增塑剂在不同用量时对PVC电缆科电性能的影响：随着增剂用量的增加,PVC电缆料的电性能一般呈下降趋势。实验发现TOTM和TCP两种增剂的电性能较优,其最佳用量为35－40份。     

增塑剂对氯化聚乙烯防水卷材增塑效果的研究

分析了几种增塑剂[邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯(DIDP)、癸二酸二辛酯(DOS)、偏苯三甲酸三辛酯(TOTM)以及氯化石蜡等]对氯化聚乙烯(CPE)防水卷材的增塑机理。在保持其他条件不变的前提下,选取增塑剂的份数为25份,并在此基础上从力学性能、耐温性能、流变性能以及微观结构四个方面比较各种增塑剂与CPE树脂的相容性,从而比较它们的增塑效果。结果表明:DSC以及电镜结果显示邻苯类增塑剂效果明显优于其他类型增塑剂;其中DOP为主增塑剂的体系综合性能最好;DOS作为主增塑剂时具有良好的耐低温析出性;DIDP作为主增塑剂时具有耐高温析出性;氯化石蜡可作为辅助增塑剂;以上增塑剂可根据各自特点复配使用。     

The UV resistance of adipate based polymeric plasticizers in PVC

DOA, (di-2-ethylhexyl) adipate, is a monomeric ester plasticizer frequently used in PVC compositions to enhance flexibility at low temperatures. DOA has several drawbacks; it lacks permanence in the PVC matrix and it has poorer compatibility than its phthalate homologue (DOP). By reacting adipic acid with polyols, polymer chains of increased molecular weights can be formed. These polyester plasticizers offer increased permanence over DOA. The focus of this paper is to demonstrate how adipate plasticizers, starting with DOA and increasing in molecular weight, affect the performance of flexible vinyl, especially in regard to UV resistance and permanence. The following series of evaluations will show that as the molecular weight of plasticizers increases, the permanence properties (volatility and extraction by various media) increase. The ability to withstand degradation from ultraviolet light also increases with higher molecular weight.     

分子模拟技术应用于增塑PVC结构与性能研究

应用特定的分子模拟计算技术,研究了3种增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、癸二酸二辛酯(DOS)、偏苯三酸三辛酯(TOTM)对聚氯乙烯(PVC)在增塑剂吸收速度、力学性能、硬度和相对电容率等方面的影响.结果表明:分子模拟微观图可在一定程度上解释不同增塑剂在PVC力学及相对电容率等方面性能的差异,并能解释随DOP用量增加,材料力学性能变化的原因.     

Synthesis and application of an environmental epoxy plasticizer with phthalate-like structure based on tung oil and cardanol for poly(vinyl chloride)

An epoxidized cardanol tungoleate (ECT) based on tung oil and cardanol was synthesized through esterification and epoxidation. The chemical structure of the compound was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR). The plasticizing effects of ECT as the main plasticizer in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was studied and compared with the commercial plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The thermal migration stabilities, the thermal degradation process and the mechanical properties of PVC samples and the plasticization mechanism of ECT for PVC were investigated through the use of volatility, extraction, discoloration, and tensile tests as well as thermal gravity analysis (TGA), TGA–FTIR analysis, electronic universal testing machine and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Compared with DOP, the ECT plasticized PVC can exhibits better thermal stability, more excellent tensile strength (17.28 MPa) and higher stretchability (629.41%), which is 1161% higher than DOP (1.37 MPa) plasticized PVC film. In addition, the migration resistance and volatility stability of ECT are much better than DOP. Therefore, this fully bio-based plasticizer based on tung oil and cardanol is a promising alternative plasticizer for PVC and may be an excellent phthalate substitute from the perspective of human health and sustainable development.