面板材料对泡沫铝夹芯梁抗冲击性能的影响

为考查泡沫铝夹芯梁面板材料对其抗冲击性能的影响,运用数值模拟方法计算了相同重量下面板材料分别为304#不锈钢、工业纯铝和HRB335级钢三种泡沫铝夹芯梁在不同冲量作用下的动力响应;分析了面板材料对泡沫铝夹芯梁跨中变形及芯材压缩应变的影响.结果显示,在冲量相同的情况下,面板材料对泡沫铝夹芯梁的抗冲击性能有一定的影响;爆炸...     

面板材料对泡沫铝夹芯梁抗冲击性能的影响

为考查泡沫铝夹芯梁面板材料对其抗冲击性能的影响,运用数值模拟方法计算了相同重量下面板材料分别为304#不锈钢、工业纯铝和HRB335级钢三种泡沫铝夹芯梁在不同冲量作用下的动力响应;分析了面板材料对泡沫铝夹芯梁跨中变形及芯材压缩应变的影响。结果显示,在冲量相同的情况下,面板材料对泡沫铝夹芯梁的抗冲击性能有一定的影响;爆炸荷载冲量越大,芯材的压缩应变越大,而且面板材料对压缩应变的这种影响也相应地增大。在较大的冲量作用下,HRB335级钢面板泡沫铝夹芯梁的跨中位移及芯材压缩应变都是三者中最小的。     

两端固支泡沫铝夹芯梁在冲击荷载作用下的动力响应

提出两端固支泡沫铝夹芯梁在跨中受到冲击荷载作用下动力响应的简化理论计算方法。运用该方法及有限元软件LS-DYNA分别计算了泡沫铝夹芯梁在冲击荷载作用下的动力响应,着重考查了面板材料及芯材厚度对泡沫铝夹芯梁跨中位移的影响情况。并通过试验测量结果对理论计算结果及数值模拟结果进行了验证。研究显示,在不同冲量作用下,泡沫铝夹芯梁跨中位移理论值与实验结果两者符合程度较好,最大误差仅为14%;HRB335级钢面板泡沫铝夹芯梁较304#不锈钢面板泡沫铝夹芯梁在相同冲量作用下具有更小的跨中位移;芯材厚度的增加对提高泡沫铝夹芯梁抵抗冲击荷载的性能也有一定的贡献,夹芯梁芯材厚度由10mm增加至20mm,其跨中位移减小了33%左右。     

泡沫铝夹芯圆筒抗爆性能研究

在验证了所用方法有效性的基础上,采用有限元软件LS-DYNA分析了重量相同、由A3钢和闭孔泡沫铝制成的夹芯圆筒与由A3钢制成的实体圆筒在3种不同爆炸载荷作用下的动力响应,同时分析了5种不同夹芯圆筒的抗爆性能。结果表明,在相同爆炸载荷的条件下,无论是在变形还是在能量吸收方面,夹芯圆筒都优于相同重量的实体圆筒;对于夹芯圆筒,内面板厚度应不大于外面板厚度,这样能在降低夹芯圆筒整体变形的同时发挥泡沫铝芯层的吸能优势。     

固支圆形泡沫铝夹芯板在爆炸作用下变形研究

为研究泡沫铝夹芯板(简称"AFSP")的抗爆特性及其与泡沫铝板或实体金属板抗爆性能差异,对3种固支圆形板在钢管内油气混合物点火产生的爆炸荷载作用下残余变形进行试验研究。主要分析泡沫铝板在爆炸荷载下破坏特点、相同荷载条件下AFSP与实体金属板残余变形大小差异、面板材质与芯材厚度的变化对AFSP残余变形的影响等。试验结果显示:单独泡沫铝板在爆炸荷载作用下易发生整体剪切破坏;与实体板相比,芯材厚度为16 mm的AFSP在质量仅增加25.9%的条件下,残余变形减小48.5%;同载同重的钢面板较不锈钢面板AFSP的残余变形量减小30.7%;AFSP的芯材厚度由8 mm增加至16 mm,在荷载稍有增加时,残余变形反而减少了51.6%。AFSP较相同重量的实体金属板具有更好抵抗爆炸荷载的能力,AFSP的芯材厚度与面板材料是影响其抗爆性能的两个重要因素,AFSP是一种具有较好抗爆性能的复合材料。     

泡沫铝夹芯结构在油气爆炸荷载作用下的抗爆性能试验研究

为研究泡沫铝夹芯结构对油气爆炸冲击波的衰减性能及影响其性能的因素,设计一种试验测试系统。在模拟坑道内,点燃混合均匀的油气混合物获取爆炸荷载,并通过调节油气浓度比例来控制爆炸荷载大小,对油气爆炸荷载作用下泡沫铝夹芯结构的防护性能进行定量分析。结果表明,当泡沫铝芯层厚度≥10 mm时,泡沫铝夹芯结构对油气爆炸冲击波的衰减效果优于实体金属结构;泡沫铝夹芯结构对油气爆炸冲击波的衰减效果随芯层厚度的增加而提升,但衰减效率呈逐渐减小趋势,试验得出的芯层最优厚度下限为16 mm。     

拉胀三明治梁在爆炸载荷作用下的动态力学性能研究

通过数值方法考察了芯层采用负泊松比蜂窝的三明治梁在爆炸载荷作用下的动态力学响应和能量吸收能力。采用在三明治梁面层施加均匀载荷的方式代替爆炸载荷,在相同面密度的前提下,就背板的最大位移和复合梁的能量耗散问题和实体梁进行了对比,并对复合梁的面板和芯层进行了参数化设计。设计参数包括胞壁厚度、前面板的厚度、胞元扩张角。在爆炸载荷作用下,和实体梁相比,复合梁可以降低背板最大位移,延迟背部面板到达最大速度时的时间,吸收更多的能量。     

钢板夹泡沫铝组合板抗爆性能数值模拟

鉴于泡沫铝材料良好的吸能特性和三明治型组合构件在强度、刚度上的优势,通过有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对钢板-泡沫铝-钢板三明治型组合板进行了装药量为10.0kgTNT的非接触爆炸数值模拟,考察组合板在爆炸荷载作用下的动力响应。研究表明:钢板夹泡沫铝组合板承受爆炸冲击波荷载时,响应方式主要为组合板整体弯曲变形和泡沫铝芯层局部压缩变形,芯层压缩变形是组合板吸收耗散能量的主要途径;适当地增加泡沫铝芯层厚度和面板厚度能够提高组合板的抗爆性能,同时使组合板充分发挥耗能作用。     

GFRP复合材料-轻木夹芯梁弯曲疲劳性能试验

为研究真空导入成型的玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料-Balsa轻木（GFRP-Balsa）夹芯梁弯曲疲劳性能,进行了普通无格构、单格构增强、双格构增强三种类型共42根试件在不同荷载等级下的四点弯曲疲劳试验,得到夹芯梁的弯曲疲劳破坏模式、疲劳寿命和损伤演化规律,分析了三种类型夹芯梁在弯曲疲劳载荷下不同的损伤机制。研究结果发现,无格构夹芯梁的失效模式统一为芯材剪切和面板脱粘,格构增强夹芯梁的失效模式随格构设置及载荷等级变化,主要有上面板屈曲或压坏、下面板拉断等;采用指数经验模型拟合夹芯梁的疲劳荷载-寿命（S-N）曲线,得到三种类型夹芯梁的寿命预测公式;夹芯梁的位移演化历经"位移瞬降-平稳演化-损伤萌生至破坏"三个阶段,相对于无格构试件,格构增强试件在疲劳失效前有较明显预兆。     

钢板夹泡沫铝组合板抗爆性能数值模拟

鉴于泡沫铝材料良好的吸能特性和三明治型组合构件在强度、刚度上的优势,通过有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对钢板-泡沫铝-钢板三明治型组合板进行了装药量为10.0kgTNT的非接触爆炸数值模拟,考察组合板在爆炸荷载作用下的动力响应。研究表明:钢板夹泡沫铝组合板承受爆炸冲击波荷载时,响应方式主要为组合板整体弯曲变形和泡沫铝芯层局部压缩变形,芯层压缩变形是组合板吸收耗散能量的主要途径;适当地增加泡沫铝芯层厚度和面板厚度能够提高组合板的抗爆性能,同时使组合板充分发挥耗能作用。     

The response of clamped sandwich beams subjected to shock loading

The dynamic response of monolithic and sandwich beams made from stainless steel is determined by loading the end-clamped beams at mid-span with metal foam projectiles. The sandwich beams comprise stainless-steel pyramidal cores (with no axial stretch resistance), stainless-steel corrugated cores (with a high stretch resistance) and an aluminium alloy metal foam. High-speed photography is used to measure the transient transverse deflection of the beams. The resistance to shock loading is measured by the permanent transverse deflection at the mid-span of the beams for a fixed magnitude of projectile momentum and mass of beam. It is found that the sandwich beam with the pyramidal core was the weakest of the sandwich beams, but all sandwich beams had a higher shock resistance, then the monolithic beam. For each type of beam, the dependence of transverse deflection upon the magnitude of the projectile momentum is measured. A comparison of the measurements is made with analytical predictions for both impulsive and finite pressure loading. It is found that the impulsive loading analysis over-predicts the deflections of both the monolithic and sandwich beams. The finite pressure analysis, which considers the transient nature of the loading pressure provided by the foam projectile, can accurately predict the measured transverse deflection.     

The dynamic response of end-clamped sandwich beams with a Y-frame or corrugated core

The dynamic response of end-clamped monolithic beams and sandwich beams has been measured by loading the beams at mid-span using metal foam projectiles. The AISI 304 stainless-steel sandwich beams comprise two identical face sheets and either prismatic Y-frame or corrugated cores. The resistance to shock loading is quantified by the permanent transverse deflection at mid-span of the beams as a function of projectile momentum. The prismatic cores are aligned either longitudinally along the beam length or transversely. It is found that the sandwich beams with a longitudinal core orientation have a higher shock resistance than the monolithic beams of equal mass. In contrast, the performance of the sandwich beams with a transverse core orientation is very similar to that of the monolithic beams. Three-dimensional finite element (FE) simulations are in good agreement with the measured responses. The FE calculations indicate that strain concentrations in the sandwich beams occur at joints within the cores and between the core and face sheets; the level of maximum strain is similar for the Y-frame and corrugated core beams for a given value of projectile momentum. The experimental and FE results taken together reveal that Y-frame and corrugated core sandwich beams of equal mass have similar dynamic performances in terms of rear-face deflection, degree of core compression and level of strain within the beam.     

The structural response of clamped sandwich beams subjected to impact loading

The structural response of dynamically loaded monolithic and sandwich beams made of aluminum skins with different cores is determined by loading the end-clamped beams at mid-span with metal foam projectiles. The sandwich beams comprise aluminum honeycomb cores and closed-cell aluminum foam cores. Laser displacement transducer was used to measure the permanent transverse deflection of the back face mid-point of the beams. The resistance to shock loading is evaluated by the permanent deflection at the mid-span of the beams for a fixed magnitude of applied impulse and mass of beam. It is found that sandwich beams with two kind cores under impact loading can fail in different modes. Experimental results show the sandwich beams with aluminum honeycomb cores present mainly large global deformation, while the foam core sandwich beams tend to local deformation and failure, but all the sandwich beams had a higher shock resistance, then the monolithic beam. For each type of beams, the dependence of transverse deflection upon the magnitude of the applied impulse is measured. Moreover, the effects of face thickness and core thickness on the failure and deformation modes were discussed. Results indicated that the structural response of sandwich beams is sensitive to applied impulse and structural configuration. The experimental results are of worth to optimum design of cellular metallic sandwich structures.     

Impact response of sandwich plates with a pyramidal lattice core

The ballistic performance edge clamped 304 stainless-steel sandwich panels has been measured by impacting the plates at mid-span with a spherical steel projectile whose impact velocity ranged from 250 to 1300 m s⁻¹. The sandwich plates comprised two identical face sheets and a pyramidal truss core: the diameter of the impacting spherical projectile was approximately half the 25 mm truss core cell size. The ballistic behavior has been compared with monolithic 304 stainless-steel plates of approximately equal areal mass and with high-strength aluminum alloy (6061-T6) sandwich panels of identical geometry. The ballistic performance is quantified in terms of the entry and exit projectile velocities while high-speed photography is used to investigate the dynamic deformation and failure mechanisms. The stainless-steel sandwich panels were found to have a much higher ballistic resistance than the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy panels on a per volume basis but the ballistic energy absorption of the aluminum structures was slightly higher on a per unit mass basis. The ballistic performance of the monolithic and sandwich panels is almost identical though the failure mechanics of these two types of structures are rather different. At high impact velocities, the monolithic plates fail by ductile hole enlargement. By contrast, only the proximal face sheet of the sandwich plate undergoes this type of failure. The distal face sheet fails by a petalling mode over the entire velocity range investigated here. Given the substantially higher blast resistance of sandwich plates compared to monolithic plates of equal mass, we conclude that sandwich plates display a potential to outperform monolithic plates in multi-functional applications that combine blast resistance and ballistic performance.     

An experimental technique for obtaining controlled diagonal tension failure of shear critical reinforced concrete beams

An energy absorbing ‘stiff’ test facility has been developed for obtaining stable and controlled diagonal tension failure in shear-critical reinforced concrete beams. The test facility allows the monitoring of the complete curve of load versus mid-span deflection (including the post-peak region) of the shear-critical beams. For stiffening the existing test facility and to provide the energy absorption capability, two kinds of test set-up have been developed: the parallel steel beam test set-up and the cross steel beam test set-up. The test set-up with a cross steel beam as the stiffening element is much stiffer than the parallel steel beam test set-up and hence more stable for obtaining a controlled and stable failure even for the higher strengh concrete beams. The results indicate the post-peak branch of the load versus mid-span deflection of the shear-critical high strength concrete beams is relatively steeper than that of normal strength concrete beams.     

Free vibration analysis of simply supported sandwich beams with lattice truss core

Free vibration of AISI 304 stainless steel sandwich beams with pyramidal truss core is investigated in the present paper. The lattice truss core is transformed to a continuous homogeneous material. Considering the deformation characteristics of the sandwich beam, the following assumptions are made: (1) the thickness of the sandwich beam remains constant during deformation; (2) for the thin face sheets, only bending deformation is considered, neglecting the effect of transverse shear deformation; (3) for the core, only shear deformation is considered as the core is too weak to provide a significant contribution to the bending stiffness of the sandwich beam. The shear stress is assumed to be constant along the thickness of the core. The governing equation of free vibration is derived from Hamilton's principle, and the natural frequencies are calculated under simply supported boundary conditions. Finally, numerical simulation is carried out to get the mode shapes and natural frequencies. Our results show that the theoretical solutions agree well with the numerical results. It indicates the present method would be useful for free vibration analysis of sandwich beams with lattice truss core.     

Prediction of the dynamic response of composite sandwich beams under shock loading

Finite element calculations are reported for the dynamic shock response of fully clamped monolithic and sandwich beams, with elastic face sheets and a compressible elastic–plastic core. Predictions of the peak mid-span deflections and deflected shapes of the beams are compared with the previously reported measured response of end-clamped sandwich beams, made from face sheets of glass fibre reinforced vinyl ester and a core of PVC foam or balsa wood [1]. Good agreement is observed, and the maximum sustainable impulse is also predicted adequately upon assuming a tensile failure criterion for the face sheets. The finite element calculations can also be used to bound the response by considering the extremes of a fully intact core and a fully damaged core. It is concluded that the shock resistance of a composite sandwich beam is maximised by selecting a composite with fibres of high failure strain.     

Ductile fracture of edge-cracked beam under dynamic electromagnetic bending force

Dynamic and ductile fracture of edge-cracked beam made of Type 304 stainless steel under electromagnetic bending force is studied experimentally as well as theoretically. In the theoretical part, we calculate the extended J-integral with the effect of both electromagnetic force and thermal stress caused by the Joule heating concerning the fracture phenomena due to the electromagnetic force. In the experiments, the edge-cracked beam specimens of Type 304 stainless steel are fractured under the electromagnetic force, measuring the crack initiation time, the crack velocity etc. Finally, the theoretical and the experimental results are compared.     

冷弯薄壁型钢组合楼盖振动性能及静力挠度研究

对冷弯薄壁型钢-压型钢板楼盖和冷弯薄壁型钢—石膏基自流平砂浆组合楼盖足尺模型进行了人行荷载和激励锤冲击下的振动试验以及1 kN集中荷载作用下的静载试验,研究楼面板形式以及钢丝网布置对组合楼盖自振频率、阻尼比以及跨中竖向挠度的影响。研究表明:在压型钢板上浇筑石膏基自流平砂浆会降低组合楼盖的自振频率、阻尼比以及跨中竖向挠度,而在石膏基自流平砂浆中加入钢丝网并不会显著增加楼盖的动力特性以及减小楼盖的竖向挠度。采用ABAQUS有限元软件对试验模型进行模态分析,并对验证后的有限元模型进行了变参数分析,研究表明:增大楼盖梁腹板高度、楼盖梁板厚以及楼盖面板厚度,加强楼盖端部约束会提高冷弯薄壁型钢组合楼盖的基频、减小楼盖跨中挠度。理论计算时,可将楼盖等效为具有均匀质量和刚度的简支梁模型用于预测冷弯薄壁型钢组合楼盖的基频;推荐使用加拿大木楼盖挠度计算公式用于预测冷弯薄壁型钢组合楼盖在1 kN集中荷载作用下的跨中挠度。