缺口拉伸试样断裂应力与温度的相关性

无缺口拉伸试样的断裂应力表现出多种温度相关性。本文揭示了缺口试样拉伸试验中也表现出各种温度相关性。为此在缺口根部半径7．0mm、2．0mm和0．075mm的试样上以-140℃～＋82℃的温度范围进行了拉伸试验。测得的数据显示出7个温度范围，代表断裂应力（和面缩率）的不同温度关系。这些温度特性由7个不同的拟合曲线描述。这些拟合曲线的交点引出过渡温度解理断裂-混合断裂及混合断裂-纤维断裂。就缺口根部半径7．0mm和2．0mm的试样而言，这些试验得出了与无缺口拉伸试样相同的温度特性。而缺口根部半径0．075mm的试样在温度特性方面则表现出一些不同，这在文中将得到详细论述。     

四段燃油加热炉的传热数学模型及其优化

建立了四段燃油式连续加热炉的炉膛化热数学模型及其金属加热数学模型,计算出了炉气温度、炉墙温度、金属温度及金属表面热流密度随炉长的分布曲线。在数数模型基础上,利用启发式优化法和准数参数优化法计算了几种最佳参数,所得结论可行、适用。     

供暖系统热负荷计算及供回水温度曲线的产生

计算了供暖系统热负荷，确定出学院供暖锅炉的吨位，同时推导出供水、回水温室调节曲线，得出了理论计算和实际测量大体一致的结果．对学院供暖系统改造提出方法和设想．     

热处理炉功率-温度-容积关系的公式和曲线的修正

针对砖结构热处理炉的功率-温度-容积关系公式和曲线．提出适于超轻质筑炉材料的采用非稳态有限差分法进行计算的功率修正计算公式和关系掺正曲线。对照实例证明．修正后的公式和曲线基本与实际相符，可用于经验法确定周期和连续作业电阻炉的功率计算。     

Fe-C合金圆形铸坯在凝固和后续冷却过程中的收缩

通过50kg的圆坯的热模拟试验对Fe—C合金圆坯在凝固和后续冷却过程中的收缩进行了研究。由三个电动机驱动的传感器使得在浇注开始数秒后不发生坯壳变形的情况下测量收缩成为可能。温度分布用热模型进行计算，然后，用机械模型计算收缩，发现测量与计算所得的收缩-时间曲线间十分吻合。实验提供了含C量对钢收缩的影响的数据，并验证含C量为0．1％时收缩最大的结论。     

钕铁硼磁体磁性的近似普适规律的研究

为了探讨钕铁硼磁体磁性的近似普适规律,把不同性能钕铁硼磁体在各温度下的退磁曲线加以归一化,这使退磁曲线显示出近似的普适性,而且其内禀矫顽力及剩磁随温度变化的规律也相似,据此导出钕铁硼磁体在各温度下退磁曲线的近似普适数学表达式,由该公式计算得到的各温度下的退磁曲线与实测曲线基本吻合.     

热挤压等径直三通强度分析

采用对称与反对称教学模型，建立了等径直三通管件载荷及强度的分析方法，并编制了有限元计算程序TPW－1．针对各工况，计算了三通管件的应力，确定了三通管件的主要工况、合成工况及其应力分布曲线．实例计算结果与试验数据基本一致．     

合金钢热加工后组织与性能预测

本文利用计算得到的CCT曲线,计算出工件在不同冷却条件下的组织分布,进而预测对性能的影响。     

电磁搅拌制备ZL12Y铝合金流变半固态浆料的实验及模拟研究

对不同温度及不同搅拌工艺下得到的材料的显微组织的比较，确定了合理的半固态温度和搅拌工艺，即半固态温度为590℃，震荡电流为500A。随后对单个线圈电磁搅拌过程进行建模及电磁场和流速场的耦合模拟得到了电磁场和流速场分布，此结果与电磁搅拌的原理及实验结果相一致。计算出在该温度和工艺下熔体内部的平均流动速度为3．2cm／s，将该结果作为能否得到半固态浆料的判据。     

高炉氧煤枪枪体温度场数学模型

根据质量和能量平衡原理，推导出计算氧煤枪温度场的连续方程和能量方程，计算出了不同高炉条件下氧煤内外壁的温度分布及温度最点位置。计算结果与相同条件下的试验结果吻合。用这一数模可对各种条件下的枪体温度场作出预测，因而可为氧煤枪设计提供依据。     

Creep equations for high temperature alloys on the basis of a parametric assessment of multi-heat data

For the design of high temperature components creep equations are necessary. These describe the deformation behaviour of the material type used over its whole application range. The method of developing such an equation is demonstrated for the example of alloy G-NiCo 15 Cr 10 Al 6 TiMo (Alloy 100). As a basic requirement, a multi-heat assessment of time to specific strain is performed with the aid of a time temperature parameter procedure. In this way optimum correlated master curves are generated for the whole range of permanent strain and rupture. From these curves mean creep curves for the material type can be determined by minimal further smoothing. On the basis of these creep curves a modified Garofalo equation with initial plastic strain as well as primary, secondary and tertiary strain can be established to describe the creep behaviour of Alloy 100. Additionally, an equation for the time temperature dependent contraction of this alloy can be developed. These equations form a useful tool for the calculation of high temperature components with the finite element method.     

Determination of the melting and solidification characteristics of solders using differential scanning calorimetry

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used in the present study to determine the onset temperature of phase transformation and the enthalpy of fusion of various solder alloys. The solders studied are Sn-Pb, Sn-Bi, Ag-Sn, In-Ag, and Sn-Pb-Bi alloys. Very notable undercooling, such as 35 °C, is observed in the solidification process; however, a superheating effect is not as significant in the heating process. Besides the direct measurements of reaction temperature and heat of fusion, the fraction solid vs temperature has also been determined using a DSC coupled with a mathematical-model method. The heating and cooling curves of the solders are first determined using DSC. By mathematically modeling the heat transfer of the DSC cells, the heat evolution and absorption can be calculated, and then the melting and solidification curves of the solder alloys are determined. The three ternary alloys, Sn-35 wt pct Pb-10 wt pct Bi, Sn-45 wt pct Pb-10 wt pct Bi, and Sn-55 wt pct Pb-10 wt pct Bi, displayed similar DSC cooling curves, which had three reaction peaks. However, the solid fractions of the three alloys at the same temperature in the semisolid state, which had been determined quantitatively using the DSC coupled with a mathematical method, were different, and their primary solidification phases were also different.     

加热温度对TRIP钢连续冷却转变曲线及室温组织的影响

采用膨胀法在DIL805热膨胀仪上测定了不同加热温度下实验钢的连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析不同加热温度对CCT曲线和冷却试样显微组织的影响.结果表明:当加热温度由完全奥氏体化温度降低到两相区内较高温度时,CCT曲线中铁素体转变区左移;当加热温度处在两相区范围内时,随着加热温度的降低,铁素体转变被推迟,使得CCT曲线右移;新生铁素体外延生长方式和奥氏体中碳富集程度的差异是导致上述变迁的主要因素.     

Modeling charpy impact energy property changes using a bayesian method

Surveillance schemes that monitor the effect of neutron irradiation on reactor pressure vessel materials employ Charpy impact specimens that are periodically withdrawn and tested as a function of test temperature. The resulting Charpy impact absorbed energy curves have been modeled by a three-parameter relationship with the same functional form as the Burr distribution function. The parameters of the Burr distribution function have been represented as a function of irradiation variables: dose and temperature. The method of maximum likelihood estimation has been used to obtain estimates of model parameters together with their standard errors. A method is presented for the evaluation of uncertainties in Charpy impact energy curves and temperature shifts resulting from irradiation damage. A sampling approach, based on Bayesian inference and employing Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation, has been used to quantify the uncertainties. The main idea of MCMC sampling is to generate the distributions of the model parameters by successive random sampling from the multivariate normal distribution. Illustrative results are presented for irradiated submerged arc weld metal.     

86CrMoV7钢的过冷奥氏体转变

利用Ｆｏｒｍａｓｔｅｒ－Ｆ全自动膨胀仪测定８６ＣｒＭｏＶ７钢的过冷奥氏体等温转变曲线（ＴＴＴ图）中续冷却转变曲线（ＣＣＴ图）,结果表明：在ＴＴＴ图中存在珠光体、贝氏体、马工体转变,珠光体、贝氏体转变都呈“Ｃ”型,有两个鼻点,球光体的“鼻点”温度为６２５℃,孕育期为５０ｓ,贝氏体转变的“鼻点”温度为４００℃,孕育期为１２６ｓ。在ＣＣＴ图中,只存在珠光体和马氏体转变。     

TB6钛合金升降温过程温度场的模拟

建立了某规格TB6钛合金坯料升降温过程的数学模型，利用商业有限元软件DEFORM对其升降温过程中的温度场进行有限元数值模拟。得到了TB6钛合金坯料在炉中升温和空冷降温过程中任意一点的温度曲线，进而把该模拟方法应用于不同规格TB6钛合金坯料在升降温过程的温度场模拟。结果表明：模拟的数据与实测数据吻合良好，此模型可用于加工前热处理工艺制定的依据。     

空冷状态下金属相变温度的实测判定

 实测了空冷条件下金属的温度,分析了相变潜热释放引起的温降速度变化规律,并通过冷却速度曲线畸变特征点对实际工况下的金属相变开始温度和结束温度以及相变持续时间进行了判定。结果表明：该判定方法能够准确判断非恒速缓慢冷却时金属的相变特征点,解决了热模拟CCT曲线在实际应用中的局限性,是一种适合于实际生产应用的相变特征点的数值判定方法。     

淬火钢马氏体碳浓度测定方法

用X-射线衍射仪法测定高碳合金钢两相区淬火后的马氏体碳浓度。通过讨论分析,建立了马氏体碳浓度与马氏体{112}晶面族衍射峰双线分离距离之间的关系式。为了简化计算过程,编制了计算程序,使这种方法具有了较强的实用性。用这种方法在86Cr3钢的研究中,较好的测定了淬火温度、保温时间对马氏体碳浓度的影响,并给出了二者的关系曲线。     

船板在线温度测试与分析

利用＂黑匣子＂实时动态测量并记录了船板在加热过程中的温度分布,给出钢坯加热过程中加热炉的上下炉温曲线、钢坯加热温度曲线等重要参数,分析了钢坯在加热炉内各段的温度分布情况。为船板的数学模型控制、故障诊断等方面提供了参考。