蕉门河整治工程国民经济评价

基于施工组织设计和环境保护是建设工程设计文件的重要组成部分,介绍了蕉门河整治工程施工导流设计和环境保护方案,为类似工程积累了经验,对整体优化设计方案具有重要的意义。     

Water quality and pollution loading of a river segment affected by landfill leachate and domestic waste

The Marikina River in the Philippines has been polluted by Payatas landfill leachate, and domestic and agricultural waste. This study monitored the water quality at five stations on the river and two stations on two creeks that discharge to the river to determine the effects of Payatas landfill and to estimate pollution loading. The dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and other water quality parameters were compared with the Philippines Standards for river water classification. It was found that Payatas leachate has a significant influence on the DO and COD levels as well as other water quality parameters. Per capita pollution loading for Quezon City was found to be lower than for Europe and Japan. The effect of leachate is more significant during the dry season. It is recommended that a leachate collection system be established to prevent leachate form entering Payatas creek, and that the Patayas landfill be replaced with a modern landfill site, conforming to current best practice at another location.

List of Abbreviation: BOD= Biological Oxygen Demand COD = Chemical Oxygen Demand DO = Dissolved Oxygen EC = Electrical Conductivity M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 = monitoring stations TDS = Total Dissolved Solids TSS = Total Suspended Solids     

Fenay Beck Flood-Alleviation Scheme

The paper describes flood detention and channel improvement schemes which have been designed to alleviate the flooding of domestic and industrial properties to a 50-year standard of protection. Landscape architects were incorporated into the design teams to cover environmental aspects.
The flood-detention dam would have been constructed mainly of colliery waste, and the design of the concrete horseshoe spillway and stilling basin was checked using a 1 : 40 physical model. River regulation would be by an automatic vertical gate activated by downstream water levels.
Following planning refusal, a channel-improvement scheme was adopted, which is presently under construction. Reduction in valley storage increased downstream flows, necessitating the enlargement of an old brick and concrete culvert within the ICI works to ensure that there were no detrimental effects within their boundary. An increased benefit/cost ratio of 3.46, as compared with 2.55 obtained for the detention scheme, was partly due to the application of new standards.     

The Lower River Roding Regeneration

The Lower River Roding Regeneration (LRRR) project was funded by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) with a contribution from the Environment Agency and was charged with achieving environmental and social gains along the highly urbanised lower 4.4 km of the River Roding. The funding allowed £1.5 million for all elements of work within a 2‐year‐period. Of the four sites constructed, two allowed significant river restoration to be achieved: Creekmouth Open Space and Frogmore Frontage. In the former, an existing flood defence was set back to create a tidal backwater. In the latter, a concrete river wall was demolished and a graded riverbank was created. A total of 1 ha of new saltmarsh was created on these two sites. The project demonstrates how multiple objectives of river restoration, flood defence, habitat creation, improved public amenity and urban regeneration can be achieved in an industrial urban area.     

万家寨引黄入晋总干隧洞防渗施工方法

引黄入晋工程是一项大型跨流域引水工程,6*隧洞由意大利CMC-SELI集团建设,全线通水后隧洞内存在渗漏现象.为保证隧洞通水后长期稳定运行、防止渗漏,研发了有效的防渗堵漏材料,改善了施工方法.经过室内试验,各项技术指标均达到或优于设计标准,并在现场进行了施工.     

隧洞内钢筒预应力混凝土压力管的铺设

结合山西省万家寨引黄工程实例，就PCCP的运输管车的设计、安装过程等进行了介绍，解决了隧洞常规混凝土衬砌与PCCP管质量不匹配的问题，确保了隧洞输水安全，并提出PCCP的广阔应用前景。     

Impacts of River-Engineering Practices on the Conservation Interest and Water Quality in the Land Yeo, England

The environmental quality of many rivers on the Somerset Levels and Moors has been reduced because of past river-engineering practices and changes in land use. A new holistic and restorative approach to river management is now helping to improve the quality of aquatic ecosystems. This paper presents the results of a study which assessed the impact of past river and floodplain management on the Land Yeo, Somerset, with the objective of recommending measures for future management. The main findings are that (a) the ecological interest of the river has been reduced due to channel re-sectioning and flow diversion, and (b) the flow diversion is also causing water-quality problems such as dissolved-oxygen reduction. Most of this degradation could be reversed by the adoption of a number of channel and riparian-enhancement measures and by revising the annual maintenance programme.     

生活垃圾填埋场应急库区工程方案设计研究

随着生态城市的建设对城市环境提出了新的挑战,环境问题与人们的生活密不可分,其中生活垃圾填埋问题不可忽视,现在许多旧的垃圾填埋场服务年限较长,因此填埋场应急库区的新建势在必行,我们以漳州某生活垃圾填埋场为实例,进行生活垃圾填埋场应急库区工程方案设计,根据现有地形地势以及库容的需要,合理设计坝体位置、高度及其他相关参数,防止渗滤液对地下水的污染,有效进行雨污分流,实现与现有填埋场的设计完美结合。     

STRATEGIC AND PROJECT LEVEL RIVER RESTORATION PROTOCOLS — KEY COMPONENTS FOR MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE (WFD)

The number of river restoration projects undertaken in the UK has increased rapidly over the last five years. However, schemes are still largely undertaken on an ad-hoc basis rather than part of a co-ordinated, strategic, catchment restoration strategy. Additionally, project level restoration is rarely initiated through a systematic approach that involves all stages from baseline studies through to design, installation, monitoring and post-project appraisals. The need for both strategic and project levels to be undertaken effectively is necessary if the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) are to be met. This directive has the potential to significantly increase the number of schemes, as restoration of surface water bodies has become a key duty of member states. There exists, therefore, a need for a holistic catchment scale approach to restoration to be adopted to maximise benefit to the fluvial systems and ensure compliance. This paper outlines key components of strategic and project level protocols for river restoration from a UK perspective.     

The Operational Use of River Corridor Surveys in River Management

T he year 1987-88 has been designated as European Year of the Environment (EYE). It is against this background that the paper has been prepared, to illustrate how the differing requirements of the river engineer and the conservationist can be intergrated into a working practice for dredging.
The paper outlines the procedures and practices adopted by the Norwich Division of Anglian Water (AW) in implementing the policy decision of Anglian Water (AW) in implementing the policy decision to undertake River Corridor Surveys (RCSs) prior to all major dredging works.
The requirements for the survey and the methodology are discussed, together with the reports produced and the audits carried out. Their impact and implications on the operational aspect of undertaking the dredging works, and the method used to prepare a working site plan and monitor the site are detailed, and some indication of costs is given.     

Impact on hydrodynamics of the estuarine region of Mahadayi (Mandovi) river due to change in flow pattern

A proposal to construct a dam on the river Mahadayi (Mandovi) for power generation would change the hydrodynamics of the estuarine stretch of the river. Using DYNHYD, the hydrodynamic model of WASP developed by the USEPA, several space and time dependent parameters were estimated in the stretch of approximately 80 km from the mouth of the river close to Panaji City up to the village of Sonali. The model was calibrated through the observed and predicted salinity values at various segments for summer and monsoon flows in the river. The channel flow variations in the river and estuarine zone, as well as flow velocities, effect on salinity have been predicted for pre‐ and post‐project scenarios. The natural variation in the river flow during a year was from 1.3 cum/s to 824 cum/ s. In the post project scenario, the variation ranged from 18.3 cum/s to 724 cum/s, respectively. The results indicated that predicted impact of salinity changes in the estuarine portion of the river Mandovi will be marginal. A stretch of about 12.5 km from Usgaon Pali village to Amone village may change from mesohaline to oligohaline during summer due to the construction of the dam.     

鄂尔多斯盆地安塞地区长6油层沉积相研究

文章选取长6油层组这一典型的曲流河三角洲作为例案,分析该地区发育的微相类型:水上分流河道、分流间沼泽、水下分流河道、河口坝、分流间湾等,其中以三角洲前缘水下分流河道为主。研究表明了相是沉积物形成条件的物质表现。(1)曲流河三角洲平原弯度大的分流河道与平原相近,分流河道许多向外延展;(2)曲流河三角洲前缘水下分流河道河道短,由于水体浅所以导致了大量的堆积物沉积,河口处冲击力变大,水携带者冲积物缓慢运移,多在水下分流河道的两侧堆积成指状;(3)受曲流河三角洲平原的影响,在其末端垂向沉积上,上粗下细在沉积粘土沉积之上,形成河口坝等厚度的砂体富集体。在沉积相砂体展布中体现了砂体长61发育最强,对于长6油层的开发有指示意义。     

南水北调工程供水效益与受水地区经济增长的关系研究

南水北调工程通过对水资源的优化配置,在解决缺水地区用水紧张问题的同时,也保证了城乡之间和区域之间经济和社会的可持续发展。实际上,南水北调工程的供水效益与受水地区的经济增长之间存在着一定关联性,采用灰色系统理论建立灰色关联分析模型,以通榆河北沿送水工程为例,通过处理历史数据,证实其供水效益与受水地区连云港经济增长之间存在较高的关联性。并通过计算各因素关联程度的大小和分析两者具有相关性的原因,为政府制订更加合理的调水工程发展策略提供参考。     

The Use of Audit Surveys in River Maintenance

The use of river corridor surveys (RCS) prior to major river maintenance works is now widely accepted within the water industry as a means of integrating the requirements for nature conservation with river-management practices. This paper outlines the audit procedures introduced by the National Rivers Authority (NRA), Wessex Region.
The introduction of follow-up or audit surveys in 1988 allowed an assessment of the effectiveness of RCS in protecting and enhancing habitats. The method and results of the audit are discussed, confirming the usefulness of audit in ensuring success in the most cost-effective manner. The audit also identified training needs and failures in implementing enhancement recommendations. Audit has led to a more consistent standard of environmentally-sensitive maintenance work. A revised method for audit surveys is detailed.     

天津大沽排污河清淤污泥填埋场设计方案

对大沽河现状水体的监测表明，水体中氨氮和BOD严重超标，重金属不超标；对底泥的检测表明，重金属污泥集中在淤泥层中，而硬泥没有被污染。因此，对淤泥进行清淤将会大大提高河道的水质。根据垃圾填埋场的设计经验和清淤污泥的特性，工程采用提供侧限的堤坝式填埋方式，并且设置了雨水分流系统、渗滤液收集系统、封场处理和填埋气体导排系统。另外，还通过试验预测了污泥渗滤液的水质。     

Water Quality and Management Strategies in London's Docklands

Regeneration and changes in land use in London's Docklands have resulted in new water quality requirements. Areas previously occupied by docks now form part of redevelopment projects which have made a feature of the water.
The paper describes a project to provide water that is aesthetically pleasing and of a quality suitable for water contact recreational activities.
An extensive programme of water sampling and analysis was carried out to gain an understanding of the processes affecting water quality, including the monitoring of algal growth. The river is the main source of nutrients in the docks, which results in large concentrations of algal biomass and bacterial contamination. The principal strategy is to limit light via artificial mixing systems supplemented by limiting the inflow of nutrients from the river.
The results from the water sampling programme have been used to build a 3D computer model with a supporting graphic information system to attain (a) qualitative evaluations of management and development options, and (b) short-term predictions of changes in water quality.     

苏州河防汛墙景观规划研究

防汛墙不仅是保障河流防汛安全的功能性设施,同时也是重要的景观要素。不同的防汛墙形式对城市岸线的构成与滨水景观的形成,将具有完全不同的效果。主要对苏州河沿线防汛墙形式与滨水断面的设计,以及滨水景观的营造进行了研究。     

Landfill Lining for Leachate Containment

There is an increasing need for engineered liners to prevent the escape of leachate and to control the migration of landfill gas. This has been influenced by new European and UK legislation and codes of practice.
General principles of site design are explained, followed by a review of the advantages and disadvantages of different liner systems, including mineral liners (natural clay, mudrocks and soil/bentonite admixtures), geomembranes and composite liners.
The need for conservative factors of safety in site design and high standards of quality control, involving full-time supervision and independent certification of the installation works, are considered essential to ensure the effectiveness of the barrier.
There is no one ideal liner material. Composite mineral/geomembrane liners provide the highest degree of security against leakage and, as such, should be considered as 'the norm'rather than for use only in particularly high-risk situations.     

生物接触氧化法原位修复受污染河水的效果

在滇池北岸典型重污染河道建设了生物接触氧化原位修复示范工程,其采用仿生填料、人工接种菌群和曝气增氧组合技术,共运行两年多,历经了完整的旱季和雨季。对运行效果的跟踪监测显示,示范工程在旱季能够达到稳定、持续的污染物净化效果,能够明显消除黑臭、削减有机物和氮的含量,旱季的平均处理规模为17 000 m3/d,对COD的平均去除率达到40.1%,COD削减量平均为458.6 kg/d,对BOD5的平均去除率为40%,BOD5削减量平均为184.8 kg/d,对总氮的平均去除率达到13.5%,总氮削减量平均为71.5 kg/d,出水透明度可达到1 m以上。在雨季随着降雨量的增大,会影响示范工程的处理效果,但该示范工程并不影响河道的行洪安全,并且雨季过后净化效果能恢复稳定。由此可见,在滇池重污染河道进行生物接触氧化原位修复工程能够有效改善受污染河流水质,减少入湖污染负荷。     

城市河道综合整治规划设计探索

针对城市河道综合整治问题,结合工程实例,阐述了城市滨水区规划的原则、景区性质及发展目标,探讨了城市空间布局、景点设计、植物配植规划、防洪规划、交通规划等规划构思,论述了河道整治和滨水地带规划建设可持续发展的途径.