Nb微合金化高强耐候角钢的变形抗力行为研究

变形抗力是表征金属塑性变形难易程度的指标,其量化研究对于改善加工控制精度和提升加工设备使用寿命具有重要意义。利用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机和光学显微镜对Nb微合金化高强耐候角钢进行连续冷却转变规律和再结晶规律研究,进一步分析不同变形温度、变形速率和变形程度对变形抗力的影响规律。结果表明,当变形温度和变形程度一定时,变形抗力随着变形速率的增加而增大;在高变形温度和低变形速率下,Nb微合金化高强耐候角钢才发生动态再结晶,变形抗力随着变形程度的增加而增大,出现峰值后,变形抗力则逐渐减小;在低变形温度和高变形速率下,变形抗力则随着变形程度的增加不断增大;在低变形温度和低变形速率下或者高变形温度和高变形速率下,变形抗力与变形程度关系较为复杂。     

49MnVS3非调质钢的两种轧制力模型对比

对49MnVS3非调质钢在变形温度750~1 000℃、应变速率0.1~50s~(-1)下进行单道次热压缩试验,根据真应力-真应变曲线得到周纪华-管克智变形抗力模型;分别采用艾克隆德模型和周纪华-管克智变形抗力模型计算49MnVS3非调质钢的平均单位轧制压力,并对计算结果进行了比较。结果表明:随着应变的增加,基于艾克隆德模型和周纪华-管克智变形抗力模型计算得到的平均单位轧制压力均增大;基于艾克隆德模型得到的平均单位轧制压力曲线波动较小,而基于周纪华-管克智变形抗力模型的波动则较大;在低应变速率下,基于艾克隆德模型计算得到的平均单位轧制压力较大,而在高应变速率下,基于周纪华-管克智变形抗力模型计算得到的平均单位轧制压力较大;基于周纪华-管克智变形抗力模型计算轧制力时,需要借助热模拟试验数据,该模型适用于控制模型;艾克隆德模型只需使用化学成分和轧制工艺参数即可计算平均单位轧制压力,应用更广泛,该模型适用于轧制工艺设计。     

40Cr高速冷滚打成形过程模拟分析

为揭示40Cr高速冷滚打成形机理,依据金属材料塑性变形机理,进行高速冷滚打条件下的40Cr击打试验,得到了40Cr在高速、大变形条件下应力应变曲线;基于冷滚打成形高速大变形的塑形变形特点,结合40Cr在高速、大变形下的应力应变曲线,应用Deform仿真软件进行了不同变形区域、不同温度、不同应变速率下高速冷滚打成形的分析,揭示了高速冷滚打成形的应力、应变、温度、金属流动变化规律,进一步解释了冷滚打成形的规律,为深入研究高速冷滚打成形奠定基础。     

模拟7050铝合金轧制过程的研究

通过比较铸态7050铝合金在不同温度和不同变形速率下的拉伸性能,得到伸长率最长、变形抗力最低的拉伸变形速率和拉伸温度,对7050铝合金的生产和使用提供参考。通过对合金的金相显微组织及不同温度和不同应变速率下拉伸后的断口形貌观察,总结铸态7050铝合金的高温塑性变形机制和断裂机理,为该合金的轧制生产提供理论依据。     

40CrNi2MoE钢的高温塑性变形特征

采用Gleeble-3800型热力模拟试验机,在温度为1 123~1 423K、应变速率为0.01~10 s-1的条件下,对40Cr Ni2Mo E钢进行了高温轴向单道次压缩变形试验,根据压缩试验结果绘制了高温塑性流变曲线,并观察了变形后的显微组织。结果表明:该钢的流变应力和峰值应变随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而减小;在真应变为0.9,应变速率为0.01~10 s-1的条件下,随着应变速率的提高,其发生完全动态再结晶的温度也逐渐升高;当应变速率为10 s-1,变形温度高于1 323 K时,该钢才会发生完全动态再结晶;计算得到40Cr Ni2Mo E钢的热变形激活能为333.726 k J·mol-1,并建立了该钢动态再结晶条件下峰值应变与Zener-Hollomon因子的定量关系以及高温塑性变形本构方程。     

集装箱用钢变形抗力的试验研究

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机对集装箱用钢金属塑性变形抗力进行试验研究.实测了不同变形温度、变形速率和变形程度下集装箱用钢的变形抗力,分析了各工艺参数对变形抗力的影响.建立了集装箱用钢的变形抗力数学模型,并对其数学模型进行回归,模型具有良好的曲线拟合特性.试验结果为集装箱用钢轧制工艺参数的制定提供了理论依据.     

TWIP钢变形抗力数学模型及试验研究

以Fe-Mn-C系TWIP钢为例,利用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机对其塑性变形抗力进行试验研究.通过实测数据分析了不同变形温度、变形程度、应变速率与变形抗力的关系,确定了Fe-Mn-C系TWIP钢变形抗力的数学模型,并对数学模型进行回归,模型具有良好的曲线拟合特性.     

40CrNiMo钢的热变形特征及变形抗力模型

采用Gleeble-3500型热模拟试验机对40CrNiMo钢进行了单道次热压缩试验,得到了其在应变速率0.1~50s~(-1)、变形温度800~1 100℃下的应力-应变曲线,观察了变形后的显微组织并分析了热变形特征;建立了该钢的变形抗力模型并进行了试验验证。结果表明:较高的变形温度或较低的应变速率更有利于40CrNiMo钢的完全动态再结晶;变形温度为800℃时,应变速率增大使动态再结晶晶粒增多;应变速率为10s~(-1)条件下,当变形温度由800℃升至900℃时,动态再结晶晶粒增多,变形温度为1 000℃时,40CrNiMo钢发生了完全动态再结晶,变形温度为1 100℃时,动态再结晶晶粒长大;计算得到40CrNiMo钢的动态再结晶激活能为322.53kJ·mol~(-1);由周纪华-管克智模型计算得到的变形抗力与试验值的平均相对误差为4.82%,模拟精度较高。     

核电厂反应堆压力容器O型密封管用GH4169合金的热加工性能及组织演变

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机,研究了高温合金GH4169在温度1 000～1 150℃,应变速率0.01～10 s^-1变形参数下的热加工性能及组织演变规律。获得了合金的真应力-真应变曲线,随后构建了Arrhenius本构方程、加工图与热变形机理图。结果表明,增加应变速率或降低变形温度会导致变形抗力增大,其中1 000℃下的变形抗力可达到400 MPa。合金在峰值应变与稳态应变下的热变形激活能分别为436.469 6,399.20 kJ/mol;失稳加工窗口出现在3～10 s^-1的高应变速率区;而经1 025～1 075℃,0.05～0.6 s^-1变形后,出现晶粒尺寸为10μm的完全动态再结晶组织,因此该参数区间可作为GH4169合金的最佳热加工窗口。     

AZ61镁合金的热压缩变形行为及组织演变

采用Gleeble-1500型热模拟试验机对AZ61镁合金在变形温度为250~400℃、应变速率为0.001~10s-1的条件下进行热压缩模拟试验,研究了合金的热压缩变形行为和组织演变。结果表明:AZ61合金在热压缩变形过程中的流变行为可用Arrhenius关系曲线来表示,合金的应力指数为5.096,热变形激活能为147.262kJ·mol-1;在相同的变形温度下,合金的再结晶程度随应变速率的增加而增大;在低应变速率(0.001~1s-1)下变形时,再结晶主要发生在初始晶界上,在高应变速率(10s-1)下变形时,再结晶同时在初始晶界和孪晶上发生;在相同的应变速率下,再结晶程度和再结晶晶粒尺寸均随变形温度的升高而增大。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.