Mg-Gd系合金等温锻造热成形特征及参数的研究

研究新型变形镁稀土合金等温锻造热模拟过程中的力学行为及组织演变.初步确定该Mg-Gd系合金连续塑性变形过程中变形参数(变形温度、应变速率和变形量等)的范围.结果表明:较高的变形温度和较低的应变速率较易发生动态再结晶;该镁稀土合金的最佳成形条件范围约为:温度T＞573K,且应变速率ε＜1s-1;典型变形参数为:623K,ε=0.01s-1条件下,进行变形量为40%的压缩实验.该变形条件下可得到较为细小均匀的等轴晶粒组织,晶粒尺寸为30.1μm.     

J4节镍奥氏体不锈钢动态再结晶行为的研究

通过在Gleeble- 1500D热模拟试验机上进行等温压缩试验,研究了变形工艺参数对节镍奥氏体不锈钢J4动态再结晶行为的影响.结果表明,应变率越小、变形温度越高、应变量越大,J4钢越易发生动态再结晶.J4钢在(ε)＜0.1s-1、T≥950℃和(ε)=0.1s-1、T＞ 1200℃时,将发生动态再结晶.在(ε)=0....     

基于VIKOR法的7050铝合金锻造工艺参数优化

运用正交试验和VIKOR法相结合,对7050铝合金等温锻造工艺参数进行了多目标优化。以锻造温度、变形程度、锻造速率、固溶时间为优化工艺参数,以成形件的抗拉强度、表面硬度、伸长率、晶粒尺寸为综合工艺优化目标。首先通过正交试验获得数据样本,然后利用VIKOR法实现对工艺参数的优化。优化参数如下:锻造温度为400℃、变形程度为60%、锻造速率为15mm/s、固溶时间为2.5h。     

2618铝合金的热变形和加工图

在Gleeble-1500D热模拟仪上进行热压缩实验,研究了变形温度为573～773 K、应变速率为0.01～10s-1时2618铝合金的热变形行为.热变形过程中的稳态流变应力可用双曲正弦本构关系式来描述,平均激活能为181 kJ/mol,大于其自扩散激活能.根据材料动态模型,计算并分析了2618铝合金的加工图.利用加工图确定了热变形的流变失稳区,并且获得了试验参数范围内的热变形过程的最佳工艺参数,其热加工温度为623～723 K,应变速率为0.01 s-1,温加工温度为573 K左右,应变速率为0.01 s-1.     

LD11铝合金等温变形工艺研究

通过等温拉伸试验和等温压缩试验，研究了ＬＤ１１铝合金等温变形工艺特点，确定了工艺参数，并通过活塞裙的等温成形进行了实例验证。     

预压对大型铝合金壳锻件成形的影响

文章对某大型铝合金XB11壳锻件进行了成形工艺分析,并根据2618铝合金锻造特点,结合生产实际,制定了一套成形工艺方案。基于XB11壳锻件进行CAD参数化实体三维造型,根据有限元法基本原理,利用有限元数值模拟软件DEFORM-3D,对XB11壳锻件热成形工艺过程进行模拟。由初步模拟结果,分析研究了在成形过程中所出现的折叠缺陷产生的原因。通过进一步优化预压坯,获得了能够锻出合格锻件的合理预压形状。优化后的成形工艺方案经试验证明可行,为生产出高质量的大型铝合金壳体锻件提供了科学的依据。     

退火和冷变形工艺对7075T73铝合金线材组织性能的影响

研究了退火和冷变形工艺对7075T73铝合金线材晶粒组织的影响，并探讨晶粒形貌对合金弯曲性能的影响：7075T73铝合金线材制备过程中，增加冷变形前退火工序，有效地提升合金的再结晶程度；增加冷变形量，也提高合金的再结晶程度和细化晶粒尺寸。采用退火+大冷拉拔变形工艺路线，有效地提高合金的再结晶分数和细化晶粒尺寸，提升7075T73铝合金线材的成形性能。7075T73铝合金线材的晶粒形貌对紧固件成形开裂的影响显著，完全再结晶晶粒形貌能有效提高合金的塑性变形能力、降低缺口敏感性，抑制成形过程中的裂纹开裂和扩展。     

基于Simufact数值模拟的2A70铝合金模锻成形及工艺优化

采用Simufact模拟软件对2A70铝合金模锻件成形过程进行模拟以及采用3T模锻锤对该锻件进行生产,研究了该锻件垂直分模面位置等效应变对低倍组织的影响。结果表明:2A70模锻件垂直分模面部位低倍组织晶粒尺寸与Simufact软件进行变形模拟后等效应变具有相同分布特征;2A70铝合金在较大变形和临界变形范围内均产生粗大晶粒,最优变形窗口等效应变为0.2～0.8;采用优化后的坯料尺寸及锻造工艺参数可生产出均匀细小晶粒的2A70铝合金模锻件。     

高硅铝合金标准样品的热变形行为

对高硅铝合金光谱标准样品在应变速率为0.01～1s-1、变形温度为350～500℃条件下的热压缩变形行为进行实验研究。结果表明:高硅铝合金热压缩变形中发生了明显的动态回复与动态再结晶,流变应力随应变速率的增加而增加,随温度的增加而降低;通过线性回归分析计算出高硅铝合金材料的应变硬化指数n以及变形激活能Q,获得了高硅铝合金高温条件下的流变应力本构方程;研究工艺参数(变形温度t、应变速率ε)对晶粒尺寸的影响,确定最佳工艺参数:t=400℃,ε=0.1s-1。     

铝合金杯形件等温挤压成形工艺研究

采用有限元模拟分析技术，验证了理论工艺参数，并对铝合金杯形件等温挤压成形工艺进行了可行性研究，为试验提供了可行性依据。采用近似等温挤压工艺，获得了合格的铝合金杯形件毛坯，提高了生产效率，降低了试验和生产成本。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.