新型高密度DT740合金热变形行为及热加工图

利用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机对新型高密度DT740合金进行轴向热压缩试验,研究该合金在变形温度950～1250℃、应变速率0. 01～1 s~(-1)条件下的热变形行为及组织演变规律,基于双曲正弦本构关系建立其本构方程并依据动态材料模型建立热加工图,分析讨论了不同区域内的高温变形特征,确定该合金最佳的热加工工艺参数。研究结果表明:DT740合金的流变曲线表现出典型的动态再结晶特征,其流变应力随变形温度的降低和应变速率的升高而增加;计算得到该合金的热变形激活能Q为546. 87 k J·mol~(-1);确定了DT740合金最佳的锻造热加工温度范围为1150～1250℃,在此温度范围内合金的热加工性能最佳,可获得均匀、细小的完全动态再结晶组织,能量耗散率η值约为44%。     

Ti-25V-15Cr-0.2Si阻燃钛合金的动态再结晶行为（英文）

对Ti-25V-15Cr-0.2Si阻燃钛合金在温度为950~1100℃,应变速率为0.001~1 s~(-1)条件下进行热压缩试验,研究了该合金在β相区变形时的动态再结晶行为。结果表明,该合金的热变形机制主要是由动态再结晶支配的,而动态再结晶新晶粒主要是通过弓弯形核机制来形成的。当应变速率降低和变形温度升高时动态再结晶易于发生;当应变速率为0.01~0.1 s~(-1),变形温度为950~1050℃时,动态再结晶使晶粒细化;当变形温度高于1100℃,应变速率低于0.001 s~(-1)时,动态再结晶晶粒粗化。为了确定在不同变形条件下的动态再结晶体积分数和动态再结晶晶粒尺寸,分别建立了该合金动态再结晶动力学和动态再结晶晶粒尺寸预测模型。     

Inconel X-750合金的热变形特性

通过热压缩实验,研究了Inconel X-750镍基高温合金在变形温度为950～1200℃,应变速率为0. 1～10 s~(-1),变形量为50%的热变形行为。研究结果表明:变形温度为1100和1200℃,应变速率为0. 1和1 s~(-1)时,合金在热变形过程中可以达到动态平衡,在其余变形条件下,合金在热变形过程中均出现连续的流变软化现象,合金的热变形激活能为377. 12 k J·mol~(-1)。通过建立材料的动态模型,制作了合金的热加工图,发现合金的功耗效率等值线在温度为1075～1085℃时,由于γ'相的溶解而发生转折,结合合金的热变形组织演变过程,确定合金在变形温度为1100～1200℃、应变速率为0. 1 s~(-1)时可以得到均匀细小的再结晶组织。     

铸态C-276镍基高温合金的热变形行为及加工图

采用热压缩试验研究了铸态C-276镍基高温合金在950~1250℃和0.01~10 s~(-1)条件下的热变形行为。结果表明:该合金的热变形流变应力随着变形温度的增加及应变速率的降低而减小;当变形条件为1250℃、0.1 s~(-1)时,合金在热压缩过程中发生了动态应变时效。基于流变应力数据建立了合金的热变形本构方程;基于动态材料模型建立了合金在不同应变下的热加工图。通过加工图和微观组织观察优化了合金的热变形参数。合金的表观激活能为497k J/mol铸态C-276合金适宜的热加工区域为1050~1250℃和应变速率0.1~1.0 s~(-1)。     

特大型支承辊用Cr4合金钢的热变形行为及热加工图

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机在温度为700~1200℃,应变速率为0.002~5 s~(-1)、最大变形量为55%条件下对特大型支承辊Cr4合金钢进行热压缩试验,研究了该合金的热变形行为及热加工特征,建立了Cr4合金钢在试验条件下的热加工图。结果表明:在其他变形参数恒定时,Cr4合金钢的热变形真应力随应变速率的升高而逐渐变大,随变形温度的提高而急剧降低;在变形温度为750~900℃,应变速率为0.002~0.01 s~(-1),变形温度为750~800℃,应变速率为0.049~2.718 s~(-1)和变形温度为800~1050℃、应变速率为0.1~4.482 s~(-1)的3个区域内易产生流变失稳现象;动态再结晶是触发材料流变软化及稳态流变的主要原因,Cr4合金钢的安全热加工区域的变形温度在950~1150℃之间、应变速率在0.018~0.223 s~(-1)之间。     

2050 Al-Li合金的流变曲线修正及加工图（英文）

采用热压缩实验研究2050 Al-Li合金在变形温度为340~500°C、应变速率为0.001~10 s~(-1)范围内的热变形行为。分析摩擦及温度变化对流变应力的影响,并对流变曲线进行修正处理;基于动态材料模型及修正后的真应力数据,获得真应变为0.5条件下合金的加工图;利用金相显微镜对压缩试样显微组织变化进行观察。结果表明,在热变形过程中材料的摩擦及温度变化对流变应力有显著影响;合金合适加工区域位于变形温度为370~430°C、应变速率为0.01~0.001 s~(-1)区域,以及变形温度为440~500°C、应变速率为0.3~0.01 s~(-1)区域内;失稳区位于高应变速率下(3~10 s~(-1))所有温度范围内;动态回复和动态再结晶是2050 Al-Li合金在稳定加工区域内主要变形机理,而在失稳区合金变形机理主要表现为流变集中。     

新型超高强韧钛合金热变形行为研究

采用Gleeble3800热压缩模拟试验机研究了新型超高强韧TB17钛合金775～905℃温度范围内、应变速率0.001～10 s~(-1)条件下的热变形行为。分析了该合金在热变形过程中流变应力软化特点及显微组织演变规律,建立了该合金Arrhenius型本构方程。结果表明:采用不同变形温度,TB17钛合金峰值应力对应变速率敏感程度不同,在相变温度以下变形时,峰值应力对低应变速率敏感;而在相变温度以上变形,峰值应力对高应变速率敏感。应变速率对TB17钛合金显微组织具有重要影响,合金应变速率大于0.1 s~(-1)时,以发生动态回复为主,而应变速率为0.001～0.1 s~(-1)时以发生动态再结晶为主;降低应变速率有利于动态再结晶发生,合金在应变速率0.001 s~(-1)时可获得粒度约25μm的β晶粒。变形温度对动态再结晶具有重要影响,在相变温度以下变形仅发生初生α相再结晶,而在相变温度以上变形则发生β相动态再结晶。TB17钛合金在相变点温度以下的热变形激活能为538.4 kJ/mol,在相变点温度以上的热变形激活能为397.4 kJ/mol,该合金在775～905℃热变形软化机制为晶界滑移机制。     

6061铝合金热变形动态再结晶行为研究

利用Gleeble-3500试验机对6061铝合金进行单道次等温恒应变速率压缩试验,研究合金在应变速率为0.001～1s~(-1),温度为350～500℃热变形条件下的动态再结晶行为。统计试验所得流变应力曲线峰值应力数据,确定合金热变形激活能Q为307.528kJ·mol~(-1),建立合金在不同热变形条件下的流变应力方程,动态再结晶峰值和临界应变模型;依据流变应力曲线特征,计算合金在不同变形条件下的动态再结晶体积分数,据此建立动态再结晶动力学模型。分析流变应力曲线可知铸态6061铝合金在350～500℃下变形,应变速率较低时(0.01s~(-1)),合金组织更容易发生动态再结晶,应力软化现象更明显。     

Cu-Cr-Zr-Ag合金高温热变形及组织演变

对Cu-Cr-Zr-Ag合金在Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机上进行热压缩实验,对合金在应变速率为0.001~10 s-1、变形温度为650~950℃的高温变形过程中的流变应力行为、热变形过程中的组织演变和动态再结晶机制进行了研究。结果表明,流变应力随变形温度升高而减小,随应变速率提高而增大。Cu-Cr-Zr-Ag合金在热变形过程中的动态再结晶机制受变形温度和应变速率控制。当温度达到950℃,应变速率为0.001 s-1时,Cu-Cr-Zr-Ag合金发生完全的动态再结晶。该合金高温热压缩变形时的热变形激活能Q为343.23 k J/mol,同时利用逐步回归法建立了该合金的流变应力方程。     

TC11/Ti-22Al-25Nb双合金的热变形行为（英文）

在温度为900~1060℃和应变速率为0.001~10s~(-1)的条件下,通过热模拟压缩实验研究TC11/Ti-22Al-25Nb双合金电子束焊接件的高温热变形行为。结合实验数据,建立双合金热变形中流变应力随应变速率和变形温度的本构方程。同时对变形过程中的激活能进行计算和分析得出,激活能随着应变的增加而逐渐减小。在应变为0.9时激活能为334kJ/mol。变形过程中耗散率η随着变形参数的变化而变化;当应变速率为0.01、0.1和1s~(-1)时,η随应变的增加而增加;而当应变速率为0.001和10 s~(-1)时,η随应变的增加而减小。通过热加工图分析可知,最大耗散率(η=0.51)出现在1060℃和0.1 s~(-1),在此条件下,可以从焊缝区域组织中观察到明显的动态再结晶现象。而当应变速率降低时,耗散率η急剧下降,在1060℃和0.001s~(-1)的变形条件下,η降低到0.02,变形机制以动态回复为主。当失稳系数ξ(ε)为负时,材料高温变形发生失稳。分析可知,应变速率为0.001~0.6s~(-1),变形温度为900~1060℃是双合金热变形的安全区域。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

正~~     

Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.