Mn对19%Cr节Ni型双相不锈钢800℃时效组织及性能的影响北大核心CSCD

利用OM、SEM、XRD、TEM、冲击力学测试和动电位极化研究了3.6 mass%和8.0 mass%两种Mn含量下19 mass%Cr节Ni型双相不锈钢800℃时效析出相的形成、韧性、耐点蚀性能。结果表明:Mn含量较低时,σ相析出较慢,54 h后呈细小颗粒弥散于铁素体奥氏体相界;由于Mn参与了σ相的形成,Mn含量较高时,σ相析出速度快,54 h后呈层片状覆盖在铁素体上;Mn含量的增加使奥氏体相比例增加,时效初期有助于提高实验钢的冲击性能,但时效后期大量σ相的析出加速了冲击性能的下降;低Mn含量实验钢点蚀电位在时效初期保持350 m V左右,比高Mn含量的电位高出约200 m V,54 h后两者耐点蚀性能均降低。较高的Mn含量在时效初期有助于提高实验钢的再钝化性能,54 h后两者再钝化性能趋于一致。     

Mn对19%Cr节Ni型双相不锈钢800℃时效组织及性能的影响

利用OM、SEM、XRD、TEM、冲击力学测试和动电位极化研究了3.6 mass%和8.0 mass%两种Mn含量下19 mass%Cr节Ni型双相不锈钢800℃时效析出相的形成、韧性、耐点蚀性能。结果表明:Mn含量较低时,σ相析出较慢,54 h后呈细小颗粒弥散于铁素体奥氏体相界;由于Mn参与了σ相的形成,Mn含量较高时,σ相析出速度快,54 h后呈层片状覆盖在铁素体上;Mn含量的增加使奥氏体相比例增加,时效初期有助于提高实验钢的冲击性能,但时效后期大量σ相的析出加速了冲击性能的下降;低Mn含量实验钢点蚀电位在时效初期保持350 m V左右,比高Mn含量的电位高出约200 m V,54 h后两者耐点蚀性能均降低。较高的Mn含量在时效初期有助于提高实验钢的再钝化性能,54 h后两者再钝化性能趋于一致。     

超细层片结构Al-4%Cu合金的点蚀行为

采用室温冷轧方法制备了具有超细层片结构的Al-4%Cu (质量分数)合金,并利用SEM、TEM、显微硬度测试及动电位极化方法对比研究了晶界处元素偏聚及时效析出相对其点蚀行为的影响。结果表明,冷轧后Al-Cu合金平均层片间距159 nm,晶界处存在Cu的偏聚,其点蚀电位与粗晶样品相当。时效后,超细晶Al-Cu点蚀电位因晶界θ相的析出而降低。可见,Cu偏聚对Al-Cu合金的点蚀行为并无明显影响,但形成富Cu相后对点蚀行为影响显著。     

显微组织对铝管腐蚀的影响

发现一些管状铝合金通过机械变形弯曲成U形时更容易在弯曲表面发生腐蚀。建立了管状铝合金的水平和弯曲表面的显微组织与腐蚀的关系。通过对含0.08%及0.22%Mn的两种铝合金弯管弯曲部分的显微组织的观察,及在酸性盐水（SWAAT）中的腐蚀形貌及微观电化学反应的研究,发现高Mn铝管在弯曲表面较易发生点蚀,有较低的击穿电压及较高的阴极电流密度。SEM及TEM观察发现此现象的产生与高Mn铝管弯曲处弥散的粒径小于100nm的富含Mn的合金二次相有关。     

两种铝合金在3%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀特性

采用线性极化法和循环极化法,比较两种铝合金在不同pH值的3%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速度、点蚀敏感性与蚀点发展趋势和它们的腐蚀特性.运用扫描电镜观察了铝合金的显微组织,比较铝合金的组织成分,分析杂质元素对耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,除pH=9.5外,其它试验条件下铝合金ZL102(A)的腐蚀速度均小于铝合金LF6(B);铝合金A的点蚀敏感性较铝合金B小;铝合金B的蚀点发展趋势总体大于铝合金A;铝合金B中含多种杂质元素导致其耐点蚀性能较铝合金A差.     

添加RE和Mn元素对Mg-9Al合金耐蚀性的影响

采用腐蚀失重试验、析氢试验及动电位极化曲线扫描测试手段,研究RE和Mn元素对Mg-9Al镁合金在Mg(OH)2饱和的3.5%NaCl(质量分数)溶液中腐蚀性能的影响,同时利用电子探针(EPMA)研究它们的微结构和组织形貌。研究结果表明:Mn元素的加入能使合金中形成许多易氧化的富Mn析出相,将有害的Fe元素杂质结合到富Mn析出相中,从而显著抑制合金的阴极过程,减少氢的析出,明显提高合金的耐蚀性。在Mg-9Al-RE镁合金中,RE与Mn协同作用形成MgAlMnRE相,降低合金中阴极的阴极活性,进一步提高合金的耐蚀性。     

高强Al-Cu合金2219及其熔敷金属的点蚀行为研究

采用循环极化电化学测试、浸泡实验和表面形貌观察,研究了2219铝合金及其2种焊丝的熔敷金属在3.5%NaCl溶液中的点蚀性能.结果表明,2219铝合金抗点蚀性能优于2种焊丝的熔敷金属,这主要与α固溶体中析出的第二相θ(Al2Cu)颗粒的数量和分布形式有关.     

合金元素Sb和Mn对Zn腐蚀的影响

采用动电位极化、线性极化、扫描电镜和XPS分析研究了合金元素Sb(含1.0 mass%)和Mn(含0.5mass%和1.0 mass%)分别对工业纯Zn(99.95 mass%)在0.1 mol/L NaCI(pH 6)和0.1 mol/L.NaCI 0.1 mol/LNa2SO4 0.01 mol/L NaHCO3(pH 8.4)溶液中腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明,Sb主要以Zn-Sb金属间化合物形式存在于Zn中,而Mn除了形成Zn-Mn金属间化合物外,还有一部分固溶在Zn基体中.在0.1 mol/L NaCI溶液中,富Sb相的电化学活性比Zn低且对阴极氧还原反应没有明显的促进作用.富Mn相对阴极氧还原反应有轻微的促进作用,而固溶在Zn基体中的Mn能适当抑制阴极氧还原反应;添加1%Mn和0.5%Mn均对Zn的阳极溶解没有明显影响.在海洋大气环境的模拟溶液(0.1 mol/L NaCI 0.1 mol/L Na2SO4 0.01 mol/L NaHCO3)中,0.5%Mn能显著提高Zn的耐蚀性能,其主要作用机制是少量的Mn能改变产物膜的致密性并影响离子的传输过程.     

不同热处理7150铝合金的点蚀电位与应力腐蚀敏感性

采用循环极化、U型样法、慢应变速率拉升、金相表征等手段对比研究热处理制度对7150铝合金电化学腐蚀性能和应力腐蚀性能的影响;并从TEM晶界析出相分布、晶界腐蚀形貌、点蚀发生发展机理以及应力腐蚀开裂机制等角度,对电化学参数与应力腐蚀敏感性之间的一致性关系进行理论说明。结果表明:第二点蚀电位(φ_(pit,2))及其相应电位差值(φ_(pit,2)-φ_(corr)、φ_(pit,2)-φ_(rep))随时效的变化趋势与耐应力腐蚀能力随时效的变化趋势完全一致。     

新型高氮低镍奥氏体不锈钢的点蚀性能

设计制备了新型高氮低镍奥氏体不锈钢(高氮钢)。采用阳极动电位极化法测量了此钢在不同浓度和不同pH值的NaCl溶液中的点蚀电位,获得了点蚀电位随溶液浓度及pH值变化的关系曲线,并与800H钢进行了对比。用扫描电镜(SEM)对样品表面进行了形貌观察对点腐蚀坑处进行了线扫描,分析了高氮钢耐点蚀的机理。研究表明在不同浓度和pH值的NaCl溶液中,高氮钢的点蚀电位达到1.2V(va SCE)以上,800H钢的点蚀电位在0.3 V(vs SCE)以下。扫描图显示腐蚀区域内高氮钢的点蚀坑稀少且面积较小,800H钢的点蚀坑密集且面积较大。线扫描表明氮在腐蚀坑内的含量略有下降;氮在钝化膜/金属界面富集,形成NH_4~+,并且抑制侵蚀性Cl~-的吸附是提高高氮钢耐蚀性的原因。     

The potentiodynamic screening of materials for high efficiency gas-fired appliances

As part of an overall programme to select materials for secondary heat exchangers in gas-fired condensing appliances, the corrosion characteristics of a number of commercially available austenitic stainless steels, and wrought and cast aluminium alloys were determined with a potentiostat. Results indicated that austenitic stainless steels performed generally better than the wrought or cast aluminium alloys evaluated. Wrought aluminium alloys showed better corrosion resistance than the various aluminium ‘LM’ casting alloys investigated. Of the stainless steels tested, type 316 showed the best overall characteristics. Amongst the wrought aluminium alloys assessed, AlMgSi showed the most corrosion resistance, closely followed by Al1SiMgMn and Al1Mn. Alloys Al7Si1Mg and Al12Si showed superior corrosion resistance to that of Al5Si3Cu.     

耐地热水防蚀涂层的研究

在实验室工作基础上,研制、优选出耐地热水防蚀涂料,分别用于地热深井泵泵轴及地热换热器的腐蚀防护。结果表明：施以防腐蚀涂层的地热深井泵泵轴,使用寿命延长一倍;采用涂层保护地热换热器,其耐蚀性能及传热性能均达到较满意效果。     

Untersuchungen des Korrosionsverhaltens ausgewählter Wärmeaustauscherwerkstoffe in Natriumacetat‐Trihydrat‐Schmelze für den Anwendungsfall Latentwärmespeichersysteme

Investigations of the corrosion behaviour of special heat exchanging materials in sodium acetate trihydrate melt for the application latent heat storage The development activities in the area of latent heat storage have more and more increased in the last years. The reason is the search for new energy storage systems of higher energy efficiency and the reinforced utilisation of renewable and alternative energies which are often only irregularly available. The special advantage of latent heat storage is the high energy storage density which could be reached at the melting point of selected storage materials and the resulting reduction of required space respectively the nearly constant temperature. An important topic relating to the development of these storage systems was the investigation of the long time stability, especially the corrosion stability. At the same time the heat exchange material has the function to transfer the heat and coldness from a heat transfer medium, e. g. water which has drawn the energy from an external source to the storage material. Among the storage materials the sodium acetate trihydrate (melting point: 58°C) has interesting advantages. In that reason the investigation of the corrosion behaviour and the choose of suitable materials for heat exchangers was an important goal. In the present report important results of the investigation of selected metals at 80°C in sodium acetate trihydrate are described. The corrosion influencing impurities chloride, sulphate and carbonate which could be contained in the much more inexpensive salt hydrate of technical quality were added to the analytically pure sodium acetate trihydrate. Furthermore the addition of graphite (for increasing the heat conductivity) and the contact with air were investigated. Some promising metals of high corrosion resistance are the result of the investigations.     

Behaviour of different bare and anodised aluminium alloys in the atmosphere

Exposure tests in natural atmospheres are an indispensable means for determining the behaviour and durability of metallic materials in the atmosphere. The corrosion behaviour of bare aluminium and anodised aluminium with three different coating thicknesses has been evaluated for two years' exposure in two natural atmospheres of very different corrosivities: one urban and the other marine. Several techniques have been used to evaluate changes in the specimens during exposure, but special attention is paid to the direct measurement of corrosion by gravimetry and its indirect estimation by the comparatively much more sensitive electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. The results show that if no demands are placed on the conservation of its appearance, aluminium may be used without protection even in atmospheres of medium or high corrosivity. The anodising and sealing of aluminium alloys, above an ill-defined minimum thickness threshold, is an appropriate solution to prevent localised corrosion of aluminium and to conserve its appearance, even in aggressive atmospheres.     

Fortschrittliche Korrosionsprüfung von Rohren aus ferromagnetischem Material mit dem Wirbelstrom-Fernfeldverfahren

Modern corrosion inspection for ferromagnetic tube material with remote field eddy current technique Heat exchangers are used in nearly all fields of energy supply, chemistry, petrochemistry and shipping. Unexpected failures of heat exchanger tubing cause inadmissible mixture or discharge of the enclosed media. The aim of modem corrosion inspection is therefore avoiding production disturbances by early detection Of damages. Currently used electromagnetic techniques for inspection of heat exchanger tubing of ferromagnetic materials are presented. The remote field eddy current technique shows advantages compared to the flux leakage technique and the magnetic biased eddy current technique.     

Corrosion properties of laser beam joints of aluminium with zinc-coated steel

This paper presents results of accelerated corrosion tests in a salt spray chamber as well as microelectrochemical measurements of thermally joint steel-aluminium mixed materials. The focus was set on analysing the corrosion behaviour of the different metallic materials (brazed seam, intermetallic phases, aluminium and steel sheet) in or within the vicinity of the brazed seam.Both corrosion tests show that the joining zone has the most negative corrosion potential and is the first to corrode. The degree of corrosive deterioration depends on the cathodic behaviour of the adjacent metal. Next to effective cathodes, such as steel or Fe-containing intermetallics, the attack is the most. However, contact to an aluminium alloy (AA6016) with its insulating oxide layer does not affect the corrosion properties of the respective filler materials.     

Corrosion in solar heating systems. I. Copper behaviour in water/glycol solutions

A research programme has been developed in order to investigate the corrosion behaviour of metallic materials commonly used in solar heating systems. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on copper corrosion resistance in ethylene and propylene glycol/water solutions (1:1 by volume) constituting the most common bases of heat transfer fluids. Long time gravimetric tests were carried out on electrolytic copper at 80°C, even in glycol/water solutions previously degraded at their boiling temperature or polluted with 200 ppm chlorides. Chemical compositions, semiconducting properties and morphological characteristics of all surface products were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, pulse photopotential technique and SEM observations, respectively. Heat transfer effects on copper corrosion and copper/6351 aluminium alloy couple efficiency were evaluated by electrochemical tests. The following results were obtained:

• – Ethylene and propylene glycol/water solutions are low corrosive media. Nevertheless, chloride pollution and/or high temperature degradation of glycols markedly increase their aggressivity. Under all the experimental conditions, copper corrosion rates are higher in ethylene than propylene glycol solutions.
• – In chloride-free solutions, heat transfer stimulates the cathodic reaction of the copper corrosion process.
• – Galvanic contact between copper and aluminium alloy always causes pitting corrosion on aluminium electrodes. The severity of the pitting attack is enhanced by the presence of heat transfer conditions on copper and/or chloride ions in the solutions, particularly in ethylene glycol.

     

钛钢混合结构换热器几例耐腐蚀失效原因评价

对若干钛钢混合结构换热器与冷却器耐腐蚀失效事例进行了讨论,其腐蚀原因应多方面综合考虑,应重视材料选用、结构设计、焊接质量与设备管理等。     

The effect of heat treatment on the corrosion behaviour of 319 aluminium alloy

The effect of various heat treatments on the corrosion behaviour of 319 T1 cast aluminium alloy was investigated. From this alloy, specimens were heat treated in T5, T6 and two steps solution heat treatment T6 conditions and afterwards were subjected to electrochemical corrosion in a 0.1 M NaCl solution (pH = 12). From the above treatments, T5 heat treatment did not improve the corrosion resistance of the as‐received alloy in contrast to T6 heat treatment which improved the corrosion resistance of the same alloy. However, two steps solutionizing T6 treatment showed the best corrosion resistance of the aluminium alloy.     

Corrosion product force measurements in the study of exfoliation and stress corrosion cracking in high strength aluminium alloys

Exfoliation corrosion was assessed in three high strength aluminium alloys by measuring the force generated by voluminous corrosion products and their stress corrosion behaviour was studied in tests on double cantilever specimens. There was an inverse linear relationship between the corrosion product forces and the K_ISCC values for stress corrosion cracking in these materials, providing further evidence for a common corrosion mechanism. Exfoliation and SCC were both dependent on the rate of intergranular corrosion, which is controlled in these alloys by the grain boundary precipitates and the resistance to both forms of corrosion was improved in alloys with an over-aged heat treatment condition.