绿僵菌几丁质酶的分离纯化及性质

从自然罹病死亡的金龟子体内分离到一株金龟子绿僵菌（Metarhizium anisopliae）,它在几丁质的诱导下能产生较高活性的几丁质酶.发酵液经硫酸铵盐析、DEAE纤维素柱层析、Phenyl Sepharose^TM 6 Fast Flow疏水柱层析等方法,得到电泳纯的几丁质酶.用SDS-PAGE测得该酶相对分子质量为61.5 kD,而经质谱分析为57.14 kD.最适反应温度为55 ℃,最适反应pH值为6.0,酶的等电点pI为4.02,其N末端序列为VIGPAAPL,用硫酸-酚法测得其含糖量为56.2%.水解几丁质的K_m为14.5 μmol•L^-1.该酶在45 ℃,pH值3.0～9.5较为稳定.Zn²⁺、Ca²⁺、Ba²⁺和Mn²⁺离子对几丁质酶活性有明显的促进作用,而Hg²⁺、Co²⁺和Fe²⁺离子完全抑制几丁质酶的活性.此酶还可被EDTA所抑制,表明金属离子为其活性所必需.PMSF试剂对几丁质酶的活力影响比较大,丝氨酸可能是酶活力的必需基团.     

金龟子绿僵菌及其杀虫机理

金龟子绿僵菌(Metarhizium anisopliae)属于半知菌亚门绿僵菌属，是一种昆虫内寄生菌物。它对寄主侵染过程包括粘附、孢子萌发、穿透虫体、体内发育和致死。这一过程是附着胞、表皮降解酶和破坏菌素等物质的生理生化作用的综合结果。由于其寄主范围广，致病力强，对人、畜、农作物无毒，无残毒、菌剂易生产，持效期长等优点，具有广阔的应用前景。     

Foam properties and application in dyeing cotton fabrics with reactive dyes

The foam dyeing of cotton fabric with CI Reactive Red 120 has been studied as a low‐add‐on technology. The foamability of different types of foaming agent and the stability of foam stabilisers were compared. Factors influencing foam dyeing, including wet pick‐up, fixation agent, foam stabiliser, and blow ratio, were evaluated by colour strength and dye fixation rate. Wet pick‐up, fixation agent, and foam stabiliser were found to be the main factors in the foam dyeing process. The comparative build‐up properties, dyeing properties, and total consumption between foam dyeing and conventional dyeing were assessed. The results indicate that, in foam dyeing, the dyestuff has a better build‐up property, the dyed fabric has excellent wash and rub fastness, and large amounts of water and energy are saved. Moreover, foam dyeing requires smaller dosages of chemical agents and reduces the difficulty of effluent treatment.     

新型丙烯酸酯类涂料染色粘合剂NZ-7的合成及应用

采用无皂乳液聚合法合成新型丙烯酸酯类涂料染色粘合剂NZ-7。讨论了温度、引发剂、功能单体、交联单体和胶体保护剂的用量及其他因素对该粘合剂性能及染色织物效果的影响。结果表明：该涂料染色粘合剂稳定性良好,染色织物耐摩擦、皂洗等牢度好,织物手感佳。     

金龟子绿僵菌深层培养产几丁质酶的研究

金龟子绿僵菌(Metarhiziumanisopliae)是一种重要的昆虫寄生真菌,从自然罹病死亡的金龟子体内分离到一株金龟子绿僵菌(Metarhiziumanisopliae)M-6。研究了该菌深层培养产几丁质酶的情况,几丁质酶合成的最佳碳源和诱导物为几丁质,在以0.5%(w/v)几丁质为碳源时,其产几丁质酶活达0.126IU?mL?1,在一定范围内增加培养基中几丁质浓度,葡萄糖浓度,微量元素盐浓度和碳氮比都能提高几丁质酶活。胆汁酸和吐温80作为表面活性剂能显著提高几丁质酶活。通过摇瓶试验得到优化培养基和培养条件。根据优化条件在摇瓶和3.7L发酵罐中分别进行产酶试验,实验结果表明,几丁质酶活分别达到0.231IU?mL?1和0.273IU?mL?1。最适反应温度为55℃,最适反应pH6.0,在45℃,pH3.0~9.5较为稳定。Zn2+、Ca2+、Ba2+和Mn2+离子对几丁质酶活性有明显的促进作用,而Hg2+、Co2+和Fe2+离子完全抑制几丁质酶的活性。     

Preparation of fluorescent pigment latex and its application on binder‐free printing of cotton fabrics

The recognized disadvantages of pigment printing are the stiff hand feel owing to the large particle size of the binder and pigments and the crosslinked binder introducing rigidity. In the current study, fluorescent pigment latex (FPL) was prepared via mini‐emulsion polymerization and further applied on cotton fabric printing in the absence of binder. The mini‐emulsions were prepared by dispersing the fluorescein in the monomers methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) with DNS‐86 as emulsifier, hexadecane as co‐emulsifier, and ammonium persulfate as initiator. The Fourier‐transform infrared‐attenuated total refraction, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the fluorescein was successfully encapsulated into P(MMA‐co‐BA) and the polymer content was 91.22%. The surface morphology study revealed that compact and smooth film was formed onto the surface of FPL printings, which resulted in better hand feel and rubbing fastness as compared to the conventional printings with a large amount of binder. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45826.     

Synthesis of triethanolamine trisulphate and its application to cellulosic fabrics

Triethanolamine trisulphate (TES) was synthesised in good yield. The synthesis was monitored by capillary electrophoresis and this technique was also used to follow its hydrolysis and to analyse the residual products formed during its application to cellulose. In the presence of sodium hydroxide, TES was found to react covalently with cotton. Fabrics treated with alkaline TES solutions by a pad–cure method at elevated temperatures gave high wrinkle recovery angles, confirming that crosslinking with the cellulose molecular chains had occurred. Some yellowing was observed but whiteness of the fabric was improved by including a reducing agent. Despite the fact that the latter gave a slight decrease in wrinkle recovery values, it is clear that TES is highly promising as a crosslinking agent in the production of easy care cotton garments. Unlike most other agents used for this purpose, it has the advantage of avoiding the possibility of formaldehyde release.     

Preparation of cationic polyurethane and its application to acrylic fabrics

The cationic aqueous polyurethane (CAPU) coatings were prepared by reacting isophoron diisocyanate with quaternized diethanolamine (DEA) and poly(ethylene glycol) of two different molecular weights (M_n = 600 and 1000 g/mol; CAPU₆₀₀ and CAPU₁₀₀₀). The quaternization of DEA and the formation of cationic polyurethane were investigated by Fourier transform infrared analysis. The pilling resistance and the antimicrobial property of the coated acrylic fabric were also studied. Obtained results showed that the pilling resistance of the treated fabrics increased with the increase in the concentration of the used CAPU. The acrylic fabrics treated with CAPU₁₀₀₀ shows higher value of pilling resistance, even at lower concentration in comparison with CAPU₆₀₀. The higher the curing temperature is, the higher the pilling resistance, fabric roughness, and yellowness of the treated acrylic fabrics are. The untreated fabric showed no antimicrobial property, while the treated fabrics with CAPU showed superior antimicrobial properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

The dyeing and printing of silk fabrics

Wth the recent increase in the printing of natural jibres, silk, the ‘queen of fibres’ is again increasing in popularity. Apart from the traditional indusby of printing scarves, ties and evening gowns there is an increasing trend of more silk in the ‘young’ fashion areas. Dyers and printers of silk have, for obvious reasons, kept their ‘know how’, based on many years of experience, secret and little information on the practical processing of silk has appeared in the technical litemture. The present paper will attempt to reuiew the prepamtion, dyeing and printing of silk based on our experiences in the laboratory, pilot plant and in some cases on practical mill expenience.     

金龟子绿僵菌固态发酵环境变量优化研究

研究了培养温度、光照、培养基初始pH等环境因素对金龟子绿僵菌生长及产孢量的影响,总结了发酵过程培养物含水量的变化及其与产孢量的关系。经过优化,得到金龟子绿僵菌产孢的最佳培养条件为:培养温度27℃、避光培养、培养基初始pH6.0,培养6d孢子产量可达1.21×1010孢子/g干培养基。培养基的湿含量控制应为发酵前期高湿、后期低湿。     

金龟子绿僵菌与联苯菊酯对亚洲小车蝗协同作用的生物测定

测定了低质量浓度的联苯菊酯与会龟子绿僵菌对亚洲小车蝗协同致死作用.结果表明:低质量浓度联苯菊酯与金龟子绿僵菌混合施用时对亚洲小车蜱表现明显的协同作用.混和施用与单独施用联苯菊酯相比对亚洲小车蝗的LT50值分别缩短了约70.62、24.88、10.85 d;混和施用与单独施用金龟子绿僵菌相比对亚洲小车蝗的LT50值也缩短了3.44、3.1、1.83 d.研究表明混合施用质量浓度为联苯菊酯5 mg/L+金龟子绿僵菌107孢子/mL防效比较理想.     

Near room temperature dyeing of m-aramid fabrics

Due to their high crystallinity and inertness, the coloration of meta-aramid fiber has been widely confirmed to be difficult. Though substantial improvements have been achieved, the dyeing of this fiber still requires high temperature and long duration for good color strength and shade. In this article, grafting poly(acrylic acid), a polyelectrolyte, onto meta-aramind fibers followed by dyeing via conventional pad-dry-cure technique resulted in good dyeing and a decrease the dyeing time and temperature. Dyed samples that possess industrially acceptable K/S values were produced in 15 minutes at room temperature (25–27 °C) under neutral pH. Dyed samples had good dry and wet crockfastness. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48190.     

硅藻土脱色机理及其在印染废水中应用的研究

采用染料吸附法研究了次甲基兰在浙江和吉林硅藻土表面的吸附等温线。还研究了浙江土对印染水的处理及ＰＨ对其影响,并筛选出用为渣和硅藻土处理印染废水,效果良好。     

硅氧烷低聚物的合成及其在泡沫染色中的应用

为了通过泡沫染色和光固化改善棉织物的染色性能，合成了一种含有不饱和双键的硅氧烷低聚物，设计了合适的含有聚合型黄色蒽醌染料、硅氧烷低聚物、光引发剂2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基-二苯基氧化膦（TPO）、表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）的泡沫体系对棉织物进行泡沫染色。采用1HNMR和GPC分析了硅氧烷低聚物的化学结构和相对分子质量分布，采用FTIR表征了硅氧烷低聚物和染色棉织物的化学结构，采用SEM观察染色棉织物的表面形态。探讨了硅氧烷低聚物用量、染料用量、SDS质量浓度、TPO用量对泡沫性能和染色性能的影响，分析了硅氧烷低聚物的固色机理。结果表明，染料质量浓度30 g/L、硅氧烷低聚物用量为染料质量的2倍、SDS质量浓度2.0 g/L、TPO用量为染料质量的5%、紫外光照时间5 min时，染色织物染色深度可达5.70，耐皂洗色牢度和干/湿摩擦色牢度均为4～5级，水接触角为110.1°，紫外防护系数>50。硅氧烷低聚物通过侧基上的不饱和双键发生自由基聚合和硅醇基偶合交联实现固色，并赋予织物良好的疏水性能和抗紫外线性能。     

PAMAM改性沸石及其在印染废水处理中的应用研究

介绍了聚酰胺-胺(4.0G PAMAM)树形分子改性沸石的制备,并用制备的改性沸石处理实际印染废水。研究了改性沸石的投加量、作用时间、溶液的酸度、作用温度等对废水CODCr和色度去除率的影响。研究表明在最佳的试验条件下,印染废水的CODCr和色度去除率分别达到86.2%和93.7%。     

Dye distribution in the dyeing of mixed denier polyester fabrics

Microfibre polyester is sometimes blended with higher denier fibres to achieve good aesthetic effects at lower cost. Two polyester yarns of 1.4 and 0.7 denier were dyed singly and together with a range of depths of CI Disperse Blue 79, and the dye distribution over the course of the dyeings was examined. The uptake is initially greater on the microfibre, but as dyeing is continued the distribution becomes more even, and eventually the same concentration of dye is present on both fibres. Based on the common observation that a given concentration of dye produces a lighter shade on a microfibre, the redistribution of dye during the process causes a continuing shade change even though the bath exhaustion is constant. A mixture of three dyes produced a stable hue on a fabric of 1.0 denier polyester after 20 min at a fixed dyeing temperature, but when dyed on a fabric of 1.0 and 0.5 denier yarns, a change in hue continued for more than 60 min.     

The dyeing of cellulosic fabrics by simultaneous application of azoic components and vinylsulphone or monochlorotriazine reactive dyes

The paper reports preliminary work on the dyeing of cellulosic fabrics by applying vinylsulphone or monochlorotriazine reactive dyes simultaneously with an azoic coupling component.     

Novel approach for antisetting of wool fabrics during dyeing

New antisetting agents are proposed for wool fabrics during dyeing at the boil, viz., dithiodipropanoic acid ( DTDPA) and dithiosalicylic acid (DTSA). DTDPA was found to be better than DTSA in the protection of wool during dyeing. The effect of the addition of these reagents to the dyeing bath of wool on some of its inherent mechanical properties was assessed. A proposed mechanism of reaction between the aforementioned dithiols and wool keratin is reported.     

Direct dyeing of cotton fabrics pre-treated with cationising agents

Pre-treatment of cotton fabrics with mono- and bis-reactive cationic agents produces a fibre that may be dyed with direct dyes under neutral conditions in the absence of salt. Fairly high degrees of exhaustion and fixation and improved wet fastness were achieved for all cases of cationised cotton fabrics compared to untreated samples. The results also indicate that cotton pre-treated with the bisreactive cationic agent shows higher degrees of dye exhaustion and fixation relative to cotton pretreated with the mono-reactive agent.     

Low-temperature dyeing of meta-aramid fabrics pretreated with 2-phenoxyethanol

In this study, meta-aramid fibres were pretreated with 2-phenoxyethanol under different conditions to investigate the effect of 2-phenoxyethanol on the dyeing of aramid at low temperature (95 °C). Structural alteration of the pretreated fibres was reflected by thermogravimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, indicating more H-bonds, lower crystallinity, and slightly lower thermal stability. The change in structure showed that 2-phenoxyethanol combined with the fibre macromolecules and resulted in swelling of the fibre. Creation of a biphasic system through the addition of 2-phenoxyethanol to the dyeing solution resulted in the cationic dye being partitioned more towards the 2-phenoxyethanol-rich phase than the aqueous phase. The cross-sections of the dyed fibre suggested that the meta-aramid fibre could be dyed more thoroughly with an appropriate concentration of 2-phenoxyethanol. The colour value of aramid fabric was tested by varying the concentration of 2-phenoxyethanol and the temperature of pretreatment, indicating a dramatic improvement in dyeing performance to aramid after 2-phenoxyethanol pretreatment. 2-Phenoxyethanol pretreatment and low-temperature dyeing can overcome the problems of chemical and energy waste while producing a satisfying colour.