甲壳胺纤维的改性处理

近年来甲壳胺纤维在抗菌纺织品、医用敷料等产品中得到广泛的应用。这些产品利用了甲壳胺纤维的广谱抗菌性能,以及它的吸湿性和促进伤口愈合的性能。由于甲壳胺的分子结构中有反应活性很高的氨基,通过对氨基的化学改性可以得到具有特殊功能的改性甲壳胺纤维。介绍了近年来开发的几种典型的功能性改性甲壳胺纤维。     

甲壳素和甲壳胺纤维质量的影响因素

概述了影响甲壳素和甲壳胺纤维质量的因素,如甲壳素和甲壳胺的品质、纺丝原液的溶剂选择及浓度的确定、凝固浴的确定;简述了通过化学改性来改善甲壳素和甲壳胺纤维性能;介绍了国内外为改善纤维质量所作的最新研究。     

甲壳胺纤维的螯合性能

把甲壳胺纤维与CuSO4和ZnSO4的水溶液处理后,通过控制处理的时间可以使纤维吸附不同含量的金属离子。研究了纤维上的金属离子的含量对纤维的物理机械性能的影响。结果表明,吸附金属离子后,纤维的干强和湿强都有明显的增加。纤维上的金属离子可以被EDTA的水溶液洗去,从而可以使纤维重复地应用于废金属离子的回收利用。把甲壳胺纤维进行乙酰化处理后,纤维可以在固体状态下转化成甲壳素纤维。实验结果表明,乙酰化后的纤维失去了它们对金属离子的螯合性能,从而证明了甲壳胺纤维的螯合性能主要来自于纤维上的自由胺基团。     

直接染料对甲壳胺纤维的染色性能

探讨了中性盐、温度、染料用量对甲壳胺纤维直接染料染色性能的影响，比较了脱脂棉和甲壳胺纤维的染色性能。实验结果表明：中性盐对染料的影响与染料的磺酸基的数目有关，对4～6个磺酸基，中性盐起促染作用．对双磺酸基，起缓染作用：而在70℃时染色的上染速度明显快于40℃，染料浓度在2％时几乎尽染，当上升到8％时上染率仍在70％以上；甲壳胺纤维的上染速度和上染率明显高于棉，其可染性、染色速度、表观染色深度远高于棉易产生染色不匀现象。     

羧甲基甲壳胺纤维对铜离子的吸附性能

为了提高甲壳胺纤维对重金属离子的吸附性能,用氯乙酸对纤维进行改性处理,在纤维的结构中引入羧甲基团后使纤维同时具有能结合重金属离子的胺基和羧酸基团。研究了改性后纤维在不同的改性程度、添加量、时间、温度、pH值等条件下对铜离子的吸附性能。结果表明:羧甲基化改性后的甲壳胺纤维对铜离子有很好的吸附性能。在同样的条件下,未改性的纤维对铜离子的吸附值为41.3mg/g,而改性后的纤维为79.4mg/g。经过羧甲基化改性的甲壳胺纤维对铜离子的饱和吸附容量可以达到148.1mg/g。     

二十一世纪新型保健纺织品——甲壳胺纤维

随着科学技术的进步和人们卫生保健意识的增强，一种极有发展前途的抗菌、防臭、纯生物保健型纺织品——甲壳胺纤维问世。     

酸性染料在纺织用甲壳胺纤维上的吸附

运用三种吸附理论模型,即Langmuir、Freundlich和Redlich-Peterson吸附模型、讨论了酸性染料在纺织用甲壳胺纤维上的吸附机理,并研究了染色温度对吸附参数的影响和硫酸钠在染色中的作用研究结果表明,Langmuir和Redlich-Peterson模型均能很好地描述酸性染料在甲壳胺纤维上的吸附性质,酸性染料以离子键的形式在甲壳胺纤维上发生吸附;酸性橙11在甲壳胺纤维上的吸附是典型的放热过程,Langmuir吸附常数KL随着染色温度的升高而降低,染浴中加入硫酸钠导致了酸性染料吸附量的降低,这意味着硫酸钠在染色中将起缓染作用     

甲壳素与甲壳胺纤维1.纤维的制备

甲壳素和甲壳胺是广泛存在于动物和植物中的天然高分子材料。近年来,这两个高分子的生物相容性、生物可降解性、对伤口愈合的促进性能和其它一些优异性能在科技和工商界引起了广泛的重视。作为一种天然再生资源,它们在许多领域内都有很广的应用和开发潜力。总结了甲壳素和甲壳胺纤维的生产条件。     

我国甲壳胺纤维应用现状及发展前景

简要介绍了甲壳胺纤维在我国纺织工业中的应用现状,分析了我国甲壳胺纤维产业目前存在的问题和不足,对我国未来甲壳胺纤维的发展前景进行了展望。     

甲壳素与甲壳胺纤维4.纤维在生物医药领域中的应用

甲壳素和甲壳胺是广泛存在于动物和植物中的天然高分子材料。近年来,这两个高分子的生物相容性、生物可降解性、对伤口愈合的促进性能和其它一些优异性能在生物医药领域引起了重视。甲壳素和甲壳胺纤维既具有天然高分子的生物活性,又有纤维材料的特性,在手术缝合线、医用敷料、人工皮肤、硬组织修复材料、人工肾膜、抗菌材料、保健内衣面料、药物缓释等材料中得到了广泛的应用。     

壳聚糖/纤维素抗菌纤维的研究与展望

壳聚糖是一种广谱抗菌剂，和纤维素具有相似的分子结构和良好的相容性，可用于改性纤维素纤维研制抗菌纤维。目前，基于纤维素纤维的工业生产方法,这种抗菌纤维的研究开发主要集中在粘胶法上，随着纤维素纤维溶剂法纺丝的出现，抗菌纤维的研究也应该向这种环保，节能，直接的方法转变，本文在对壳聚糖／粘胶纤维的研究工作作了总结之后，对这种抗菌纤维的溶剂法纺丝作了初步探讨和展望。     

Manufacture and properties of chitosan/N,O‐carboxymethylated chitosan/viscose rayon antibacterial fibers

Chitosan/N,O‐carboxymethylated chitosan/viscose rayon antibacterial fibers (CNVFs) were prepared by blending chitosan emulsion, N,O‐carboxymethylated chitosan (N,O‐CMC), and viscose rayon together for spinning. The fibers were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). TEM micrographs showed that chitosan microparticles dispersed uniformly along the oriented direction with the mean size ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 μm. DSC spectra of these fibers showed that no significant change in thermal property was caused by adding chitosan and N,O‐CMC into the viscose rayon. TGA spectra showed that the good moisture retentivity was not affected by the addition of chitosan and N,O‐CMC. Both DSC and TGA suggested that the decomposing tendency of the viscose rayon above 250°C seemed to be weakened by the chitosan. The fibers' mechanical properties and antibacterial activities against Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans were measured. Although the addition of chitosan slightly reduced the mechanical properties, the antibacterial fibers' properties were obtained and were found to meet commercial requirements. CNVF exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The antibacterial activity increased along with the chitosan concentration and was not greatly affected by 15 washings in water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of bacteria cells incubated together with the antibacterial or reference fibers. SEM micrographs demonstrated that greater amounts of bacteria could be adsorbed by the antibacterial fiber than by the reference fiber; these bacteria were overwhelmingly destroyed and killed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2049–2059, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10501     

The absorption and release of silver and zinc ions by chitosan fibers

When chitosan fibers were treated with AgNO₃ and ZnCl₂ solutions, the silver and zinc ions were chelated by chitosan through the amine groups in the fibers. These novel metal ions can be released into the solution when the silver‐ and zinc‐containing fibers are placed in contact with normal saline. Results showed that the silver‐containing chitosan fibers have good antimicrobial properties, while the zinc‐containing fibers can be used to deliver zinc ions in wound care applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 766–771, 2006     

天然抗菌性壳聚糖/粘胶纤维的研究进展

壳聚糖与粘胶纤维共混制成的特性纤维能保持良好的抗菌性。这种纤维可与棉、聚酯、丙烯酸酯等混纺织成抗茼保健纺织品。壳聚粮／粘胶纤维可生物降解,对人的肌体安全、手感柔软,具有广阔的应用领域。     

纺织用甲壳素纤维的研究进展

甲壳素及甲壳胺纤维具有生物可相容性、生物可降解性、无毒性及良好的抗菌性能等特点,已经被应用于纺织服装行业以及医用卫生材料的生产中。介绍了纺织用甲壳素及甲壳胺纤维的制备方法及几个国内外甲壳素纤维品种,分析了甲壳素纤维的应用领域。     

黏胶纤维和Lyocell纤维作为香烟滤嘴材料的应用进展

综述了黏胶纤维和Lyoeell纤维作为香烟滤嘴材料的应用进展,总结出了烟用黏胶纤维在白度、卷曲、弹,I生模量和残硫等方面所应达到的主要技术参数,展望了其未来发展方向.     

Preparation and characterization of silver containing chitosan fibers

Silver containing chitosan fibers were prepared by blending fine particles of a silver sodium hydrogen zirconium phosphate compound into the spinning solution. It was possible to distribute the silver containing particles in the chitosan fiber because of the high viscosity of the spinning solution and the small diameter of the particles. Because the silver ions are imbedded inside the sodium hydrogen zirconium phosphate complex, the chitosan fibers remain white in color without being oxidized by the silver ions. The release of silver ions from the silver containing chitosan fibers were studied by placing the fibers in contact with distilled water, solution A, and aqueous protein solutions. Results showed that the release of silver ions was low in water, while in solution A and protein solutions, the silver ions are activated through ion exchange and chelation. The silver ions can significantly enhance the antimicrobial properties of the chitosan fibers. Experimental results showed that when placed in contact with the silver containing chitosan fibers, the reduction in bacteria count can be more than 98%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 3622–3627, 2007     

Study of phase behavior on chitosan/viscose rayon blend film

A blend of chitosan and viscose rayon was investigated. A film was made from regenerating the blend of chitosan and viscose rayon. The film was characterized by various techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The phase behavior of the blend is influenced by its composition with or without carboxymeth-ylated chitosan (CM-Cs). Characterization of the chitosan/viscose rayon (Cs/VR) blend by DSC and DMA suggests partial compatibility of chitosan with VR and lack of compatibility in the remaining cases. Results of the TEM show that the addition of CM-Cs into the blend can improve the compatibility of Cs with VR. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67:1965–1972, 1998     

Preparation and characterization of chitosan coatings onto regular cellulose fibers with ultrasound technique

Regenerated cellulose fibers—viscose fibers—were coated with chitosan using an ultrasound technique to improve their accessibility, reactivity and sorption properties. The main purpose of our research was to study the modification of viscose fibers and to determine the effect of the application of chitosan onto viscose fibers. Samples were obtained by treating the fibers with chitosan in a dilute acetic acid solution in an ultrasonic bath. The influences of the chitosan coating on the changes in morphology, supramolecular structure, sorption and tensile properties were studied. The spectra (FTIR analysis) of the treated viscose fibers showed changes and new absorption bands that revealed the existence of the chemical interactions with the chitosan. The scanning electron microscope images confirmed that the surface of the fibers was covered with the chitosan. A decrease in the water retention value and increase in the absorption and moisture content with an increasing concentration of chitosan was noted. Furthermore, the differences in tensile behavior were analyzed using an Instron tensile testing machine. The chitosan coating had no effect on the tensile strength of the viscose fibers, but influenced the tensile strain. Some changes, though not significant, were noted in the structure (crystallinity, orientation) of the treated viscose fibers.