Magneto-optical behavior of microstructure spun fibers

The simple design of a microstructured spun fiber with air channels has been developed. For the first time a magneto-optical response of the microstructured spun fiber with high built-in linear birefringence has been experimentally studied. Most valued magneto-optical properties of this fiber to be discovered are high sensitivity resistance at bent deformations and sensitivity value is nearly to a theoretical value. It is showed that such microstructured fiber accumulates effectively Faraday phase shift in magnetic field even when the fiber is coiled into a loop of a very small diameter. For example, a fiber coil of diameter 5 mm with 100 turns has a magneto-optical sensitivity of about 70% of “ideal” value and well agrees with model calculations. Results are of a great significance for a fiber-optic current sensor.     

线双折射对光纤光栅磁场传感器性能影响的理论分析

本文介绍了基于偏振效应的光纤光栅磁场传感器的工作机理。利用光纤光栅的偏振效应测量磁场可以克服以前传统测量磁场使用磁致伸缩材料不适合测量瞬态磁场的缺点,而且在传感头的设计上能够更加灵活。在传感头设计中,由于光纤本身存在的线双折射会对测量结果带来影响,为了明确双折射对光纤光栅磁场性能的影响,提高测量系统的准确爱,文中利用琼斯矩阵对光纤固有线双折射对传感器的测量特性的影响进行了理论推导和仿真分析,分别对稳态磁场和瞬态磁场受双折射的影响进行了仿真分析,为基于偏振效应的光纤光栅磁场传感器下一步实验研究提供了理论参考。     

Mode hopping and polarization switching of mutually coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

We perform a theoretical study on the polarization-resolved compound lasing mode （CLM） of two mutually coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers （VCSELs）. Different solutions of CLMs are derived though stability analysis of the spin-flip model. The dynamical evolvements of CLMs with the existence of polarization degrees of freedom are also charactered. The most stable CLM with the smallest carrier density tend to be excited, since the gain needed for this mode to emit is the lowest. In the given system, varying values of injection rate or birefringence, etc., will change the generation of the preferred CLMs in the two polarization directions, and thus influence the polarization switching （PS） characteristics. Thus, hoppings between CLMs are also companied by PSs. Through mapping of average power in the parameter space, the influences of coupling rate and anisotropy parameters （linear dichroism and linear birefringence） on PS and hopping between CLMs are discussed.     

光学电流传感器系统的线性双折射问题及对策

研究了用于测量电力系统电流的光学电流传感器系统 ,用矩阵光学方法建立了既具有旋光效应又具有线性双折射效应的光学电流传感器系统的数学模型 ,分析了线性双折射效应对光学电流传感器在灵敏度、线性度、稳定性等方面的影响。从而说明 :线性双折射效应是限制光学电流传感器实用化的关键因素。文中提供了一些被证明是行之有效的解决线性双折射问题的方法     

一种利用偏振控制器测量径向受力光纤双折射的方法

该文提出了一种基于偏振态检测技术的利用偏振控制器和光纤偏振器测量径向受力光纤双折射的方法,起偏器和检偏器本身不用旋转而依靠光纤在偏振控制器绕制的半波片使光纤中的偏振态旋转,从而达到在线测量受力光纤双折射的目的。     

一种基于雪粒径演化过程的积雪亮温模拟新方法

本研究采用HUT模型、DMRT模型和MEMLS模型模拟积雪雪粒子与不同波段（18.7 GHz和36.5 GHz）微波相互作用（吸收和消光）,并用于辐射传输模型。而雪粒径的获取一直是一个难点,本研究由Jordan91雪粒径演化模型演化得到雪粒径,并将其作为辐射传输模型的输入参数,基于像元内实测数据进行混合像元18.7和36.5 GHz水平极化亮温模拟。结果表明：采用HUT模型、DMRT模型和MEMLS模型的消光系数在18.7 GHz时模拟亮温的偏差分别为-3.6、-1.8和-0.7 K,在36.5 GHz时分别为4.0、10.4和14.4 K。对于18.7 GHz水平极化和36.5 GHz水平极化,基于有效雪粒径的亮温模拟与基于雪粒径演化过程的亮温模拟精度呈现出很好的线性关系。因此,基于雪粒径演化过程的方法是一种合适的获取辐射传输模型中雪粒径参数的方法。     

A New Method of Simulating Bright Temperature of Snow Cover based on Snow Grain Size Evolution Process

This research used HUT model, DMRT model and MEMLS model to simulate interactions(absorption and extinction) between snow grainsfor different wave bands (18.7 GHz and 36.5 GHz) of microwave which were used for radiative transfer model. Obtaining the snow grain size is always a difficulty. So this research used Jordan91 snow grain size evolution model to evolve snow grain size which was regarded as input parameter of radiative transfer model, and used measured data to simulate spaceborne brightness temperature for 18.7 GHz horizontal polarization and 36.5 GHz horizontal polarization in a mixed pixel. The results showed that the bias of simulation brightness temperature using extinction coefficient of HUT model, DMRT model and MEMLS model for 18.7 GHz horizontal polarization were -3.6 K、-1.8 K and -0.7 K respectively, and for 36.5 GHz horizontal polarization were 4.0 K、10.4 K and 14.4 K respectively. For 18.7 GHz horizontal polarization and 36.5 GHz horizontal polarization, the bright temperature simulation based on effective snow grain size shows a good linear relationship with the brightness temperature simulation basedon snow grain size evolution process. Therefore, the method based on the snow grain size evolution process is a suitable method for obtaining the snow grain size parameter in the radiative transfer model.     

一种对偏振敏感的光频域反射光纤布拉格光栅传感系统解调方案

为解决光纤光栅传感系统对横向应变的测量问题,提出了一种基于光频域反射技术的对偏振敏感的准分布式光纤布拉格光栅传感系统解调方案,该方案通过跟踪光纤光栅传感系统的偏振相关损耗为横向应变的测量提供信息.建立了系统的理论模型,分析了均匀光纤布拉格光栅在准分布式系统中的偏振特性以及偏振敏感的解调系统原理,讨论了该方案在测量横向应变的优越性,以光栅长度和双折射量值作为参数,对传感系统的偏振相关损耗变化规律进行研究.研究结果表明,本文提出的方案可以为在准分布光纤光栅传感系统中根据偏振相关损耗的变化实现对横向应变的准确测量提供理论依据.     

Analysis of angular dependence of 3‐D technology using polarized eyeglasses

Abstract— The cause of the angular dependence of 3‐D technology that requires the use of eyeglasses with linear or circular polarization is analyzed. For 3‐D technology that requires the use of eyeglasses, anisotropic media such as a polarizer or retardation film determines the polarization state. Therefore, the angular behavior of 3‐D display performance is also affected by the characteristics of the anisotropic media that have intrinsic angular dependence. Various conditions of the optic axes of the imaging display and eyeglasses are investigated to understand their effect on 3‐D display performance. The result shows that some conditions of the optic axes can cause non‐negligible degradation of 3‐D display performance.     

含有摩擦间隙迟滞的机械臂关节建模方法

为了提高机器人关节建模精度,提出了一种同时考虑摩擦、间隙和迟滞的综合建模方法.将关节分为高速轴和低速轴两部分,采用GMS (generalized Maxwell-slip)方法构建了减速器高速轴和低速轴的摩擦模型:采用Preisach模型来描述两部分迟滞模型中的线性特性,采用多项式方法来描述迟滞特性中的非线性刚度以满...     

Finite element analysis of spiral strands with different shapes subjected to axial loads

In this paper a new mathematical geometric model of spiral one or two-layered oval wire strands are proposed and an accurate computational two-layered oval strand 3D solid model, which is used for a finite element analysis, is presented. The three dimensional curve geometry of wires axes in the individual layers of the oval strand consists of straight linear and helical segments. The present geometric model fully considers the spatial configuration of individual wires in the right and left hand lay strand. Derived geometric equations were used for the generation of accurate 3D geometric and computational models for different types of strands. This study develops 3D finite element models of two-layer spiral round, triangular and oval strands subjected to axial loads using ABAQUS/Explicit software. Accurate modelling and understanding of their mechanical behaviour is complicated due to the complex contact interactions and conditions that exist between individual spirally wound wires. Comparisons of predicted responses for the strands with different shapes and constructions are presented. Resultant stress and/or deformation behaviours are discussed.     

动态电轴跟踪系统中扭极化问题的解决方案

动态电轴跟踪系统是常用的雷达罩电性能测试系统,该系统在使用过程中存在着被测天线扭极化的问题。对造成扭极化的原因进行了分析,确认该问题是由雷达罩转台和天线转台方位轴不同轴造成的。利用几何光学三维射线跟踪法对扭极化的危害进行了分析。提出了扭极化问题的解决方案,即将天线转台安装到随动于雷达罩方位轴的天线支杆上。同时归纳出了动态电轴跟踪系统中被测天线的安装要求。     

Exploratory Visualization of Animal Kinematics Using Instantaneous Helical Axes

We present novel visual and interactive techniques for exploratory visualization of animal kinematics using instantaneous helical axes (IHAs). The helical axis has been used in orthopedics, biomechanics, and structural mechanics as a construct for describing rigid body motion. Within biomechanics, recent imaging advances have made possible accurate high‐speed measurements of individual bone positions and orientations during experiments. From this high‐speed data, instantaneous helical axes of motion may be calculated. We address questions of effective interactive, exploratory visualization of this high‐speed 3D motion data. A 3D glyph that encodes all parameters of the IHA in visual form is presented. Interactive controls are used to examine the change in the IHA over time and relate the IHA to anatomical features of interest selected by a user. The techniques developed are applied to a stereoscopic, interactive visualization of the mechanics of pig mastication and assessed by a team of evolutionary biologists who found interactive IHA‐based analysis a useful addition to more traditional motion analysis techniques.     

A novel circularly polarized cavity backed SIW antenna with capability to change polarization diversity by a reconfigurable polarizer structure

This article examines a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity‐backed circularly polarized diversity antenna. In the proposed novel antenna, parasitic patch and reconfigurable diodes are used to change polarization diversity from left hand to right hand and vice versa, respectively. In addition to, what makes distinctive proposed antenna in compared with similar works, is ability to change linear polarization from a SIW slot to circularly polarization by a parasitic patch. Chopping off two diagonally opposite corners makes the resonance frequency of the mode along this diagonal to be higher than that for the mode along the unchopped diagonal. By exciting parasitic patch with a slot along axes of it the orthogonal modes are generated which causes to CP. The comparison between simulation and measurement results validate antenna design. The measured impedance BW (VSWR < 2) for state 1 and 2 are 22.18% (11.86‐14.82 GHz) and 21.68% (11.88‐14.77 GHz), and The measured 3‐dB AR BW for states 1 and 2 are about 11.46% (11.43‐12.82 GHz) and 11.23% (11.43‐12.79 GHz), respectively. Finally, the measured maximum gain is 9.81 dBic.     

仿生型步进式直线驱动器的研究

本文提出一种新型直线驱动器的仿生动作原理，并设计出两种机械结构及其控制器。实验表明，这类驱动器具有精度高，步距可变，输出力大，行程长，结构简单，体积小，内藏传感器，具有极好输出特性等特点。这类驱动器适用于一切超高精度的直接驱动。     

Optical detection of water/alcohol vapours by polymide lightguides

Planar polyimide lightguides are used as optical sensors for the detection of H₂O/alcohol vapours. The waveguide birefringence is monitored while it is exposed to a defined atmosphere. The diffusion of the vapour molecules into the polyimide film causes a detectable phase shift between two index-matched waveguide modes of different polarization (TE- and TM-modes). The phase shift, i.e., the birefringence ΔN of the lightguide, is a direct measure of the partial vapour pressure. The value of the birefringence and the time constants for the dynamic behaviour strongly depend on the type of vapour molecules. In the case of differing time constants, a selectivity in mixed atmospheres can be achieved by evaluating the measured data.     

Shape representation using a generalized potential field model

This paper is concerned with efficient derivation of the medial axis transform of a 2D polygonal region. Instead of using the shortest distance to the region border, a potential field model is used for computational efficiency. The region border is assumed to be charged and the valleys of the resulting potential field are used to estimate the axes for the medial axis transform. The potential valleys are found by following the force field, thus, avoiding 2D search. The potential field is computed in closed form using equations of the border segments. The simple Newtonian potential is shown to be inadequate for this purpose. A higher order potential is defined which decays faster with distance than the inverse of distance. It is shown that as the potential order becomes arbitrarily large, the axes approach those computed using the shortest distance to the border. Algorithms are given for the computation of axes, which can run in linear parallel time for part of the axes having initial guesses. Experimental results are presented for a number of examples     

多无人机系统分布式编队控制

利用具有虚拟领航者的二阶动态一致性协议讨论了三维空间内分布式无人机编队控制问题。利用反馈线性化的方法将无人机非线性动力学模型线性化,将控制输入转化为惯性坐标系中三个坐标轴方向的加速度。运用一致性算法求解线性化后的无人机模型,使无人机能够形成稳定的预期编队并跟随虚拟领航者沿特定航线以一定速度运动。定义了编队的误差函数并运用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了系统的稳定性。仿真验证了模型和算法的有效性。     

Computer modelling and finite element analysis of spiral triangular strands

In this paper a new mathematical geometric model of spiral triangular wire strands with a construction of (3 + 9) and (3 + 9 + 15) wires is proposed and an accurate computational two-layered triangular strand 3D solid modelling, which is used for a finite element analysis, is presented. The present geometric model fully considers the spatial configuration of individual wires in the strand. The three dimensional curve geometry of wires axes in the individual layers of the triangular strand consists of straight linear and helical segments. The derived mathematical representation of this curve is in the form of parametric equations with variable input parameters which facilitate the determination of the centreline of an arbitrary circular wire of the right and left hand lay triangular one and two-layered strands. Derived geometric equations were used for the generation of accurate 3D geometric and computational strand models. The correctness of the derived parametric equations and performance of the generated strand model are controlled by visualizations. The 3D computational model was used for a finite element behaviour analysis of the two-layered triangular strand subjected to tension loadings. Illustrative examples are presented to highlight the benefits of the proposed geometric parametric equations and computational modelling procedures by using the finite element method.     

Diffraction on birefringent elements with sine surface microrelief

Abstract— Light diffraction on optically anisotropic substrates using sine surface microrelief has been calculated by using the OAGSM method. The influence of the microrelief depth and material birefringence on the diffraction intensity on the order of 0–3 is reviewed and discussed. The results are compared with the results of the calculation for a rectangular microrelief. The microrelief depth and material birefringence allows the realization of different polarization states of the light beam transmitted or reflected by the substrate. The approach can be used to control the light‐beam propagation for different applications including LCD backlights.