含氟的特种表面活性剂

本文综述了含氟表面活性刑的性质与应用,特别是家用产品用的含氟表面活性剂。     

含氟表面活性剂的研究进展

介绍了含氟表面活性剂的分类结构、特性、合成方法及应用领域。重点介绍其在传统工业（化工、纺织、造纸及橡胶工业）和在含氟材料合成中的应用现状。针对目前存在的问题,提出了对人类健康和生存环境造成影响的PFOS（Pedluorooctane Sulfonate）和PFOA（Perfluorooctanoic Acid）的研究方向,并概述了含氟表面活性剂近年来的研究进展。     

含氟表面活性剂的分类及应用介绍

含氟表面活性剂（简称：FS）为特种表面活性剂产品中最重要的一类品种,有关它的性能。特点、制备方法和用途,目前国内、外已有不少研究报导、专利和文章予以较详细的论述,笔者也曾在“工业表面活性剂技术经济文集（4）”中发表过相应的论述文章。用目前主要应用于技术要求较高的特种场合或一般普通表面活性剂难以胜任的、应用效果较差的领域。由于Th是一种高性能的产品,因此在许多特殊的领域中有着不可替代的作用,同时它又可作为普通表面活性剂增效用的特殊添加剂,通过添加极少量的FS后的普通表面活性剂产品,即可极大地改善普通表…     

含氟表面活性剂前景广阔

含氟表面活性剂是近年来迅速发展的一类表面活性剂品种，由于所具有的‘三高二憎’特性——高表面活性、高耐热稳定性、高化学惰性、憎水性和憎油性，使其具有广泛的用途。含氟表面活性剂的应用领域涉及到许多方面，可以实现改进生产工艺条件、提高产品质量档次、增加产量、降低消耗、节约能源、改善环境、提高生产效率等效果。近日，业内几位专家告诉记者，     

含氟表面活性剂的研究进展

介绍了含氟表面活性剂的主要合成方法,近年来的研究进展以及应用领域。     

含氟表面活性剂的生产和应用前景

介绍了含氟表面活性剂的分类,合成方法及其在造纸、石油、涂料、消防、纺织印染等方面的应用情况．提出了我国今后的发展建议。     

Properties and Applications of Fluorochemical Surface Active Agents

A range of novel fluorochemical surfactants based on perfluoro-olefin oligomers of tetrafluoroethylene has been developed. The preparation and properties of anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants containing C₈, C₁₀ and C₁₂ branched perfluoroalkenyl chains will be described. Applications for these products will be discussed particularly in areas where fluorochemical surfactants are not yet widely used (e. g. mould release, emulsification, wetting in chemical processes).     

Synthesis of Potential Pharmaceutical Heterocycles as Surface Active Agents

Isoxazole, pyrazole, pyran, pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives of fatty acids were synthesized as surface and bioactive heterocycles. Hydroxylation of these intermediates by propylene oxide produced easy‐to‐handle, efficient and quickly biodegradable surface active agents, which revealed the importance of their applications in safety for humans as well as the environment. These compounds showed good activity against bacteria and fungi, showing promise in applications of drugs, cosmetics, and pesticides.     

The Chemistry and Properties of a New Range of Fluorochemical Surface Active Agents

The unique properties of surface active agents which comprise a perfluoroalkyl group of about eight carbon atoms linked to a hydrophilic group have been recognised for some time. For example, such surfactants give very low surface tensions to aqueous systems, they are very effective at low concentrations, they have activity in organic systems, they are often stable in hostile environments and they can exhibit oil and water repellency when they are absorbed on substrates. Prior to the work described in this paper, the fluorochemical group for these surfactants had been made by two routes, electrochemical fluorination and telomerisation. Both of these suffer certain disadvantages so a programme of work was initiated to see whether another route to suitable perfluoroalkyl compounds could be discovered. Work in our laboratories showed that when tetrafluoroethylene is treated with fluoride ion in an aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide, a mixture of oligomers ranging from trimers to heptamers is produced. These oligomers are highly branched unsaturated compounds. The pentamer is the most abundant and the manner in which its chemistry has been exploited to yield surfactants with a highly branched fluorochemical group (unlike those prepared by other methods) is outlined. For example, the pentamer will react with phenol or substituted phenols to give phenyl ethers, C₁₀F₁₉OC₆H₄X (X = H or a substituent). Such ethers can be converted into surface active compounds by either the introduction of hydrophilic groups onto the benzene ring (e. g. sulphonation) or by converting existing substituents into hydrophilic groups (e. g. if X = CH₃, by oxidation to COOH). Hydrophilic groups may be attached directly to the fluorocarbon by for example reacting the pentamer with a hydroxyl-ended ethylene oxide condensate (C₁₀F₂₀+HO(CH₂CH₂O)_nR→C₁₀F₁₉O(CH₂CH₂O)_nR + HF). Reaction of TFE-pentamer with inorganic nucleophiles e. g. OH-, can cause a certain amount of degradation but the products of such degradation can be used to give other surface active compounds.     

有机硅表面活性剂的结构和应用

简述了有机硅表面活性剂的结构对性能的影响,并介绍了他们在纺织、日化、发酵、涂料和油墨工业以及在聚氨酯泡沫塑料、灭火剂、原油破乳、脱水、粉料处理等领域的应用。     

我国发展氟化工的思路与策略

回顾了氟化工产业发展情况,分析了中国氟化工可持续发展面临的基本问题,提出了我国发展氟化工的思路与策略.介绍了巨化集团公司在发展氟化工产业所作的努力.     

非离子表面活性剂聚乙氧基衍生物-羟值的分析

本文报导了非离子表面活性剂聚乙氧基衍生物-羟值的一种新的分析方法.该方法突出的优点是短时间完成分析全过程,并获得与常规乙酸酐同样的分析效果,与标准样品进行比较实验,分析准确率可达98%以上.     

一种氟碳表面活性剂的成对电合成研究及结构表征

以氟化钠作为阳极电解液的主要成分,以顺丁烯二酸酐作为阴极电解液的主要成分,通过成对电解表面活性剂OP,合成了氟代OP及一种新型氟碳表面活性剂氟代二(2 聚氧乙烯醚 5 壬基苯基)甲烷,并在阴极得到丁二酸。对电解电量、电流密度、电解液浓度等主要工艺参数进行了讨论,并比较了以镍板和石墨作为阳极时对合成的影响,最后对所合成的表面活性剂进行了红外鉴定,结果令人满意。     

双尾及多尾氟表面活性剂在有机溶剂中的表面活性研究

拟通过增加油溶性氟表面活性剂分子中碳氟链的数目,从而增大有机溶剂表面吸附层的碳氟链密度,以提高其降低有机溶剂表面张力的能力。合成了2个系列的氟表面活性剂:将全氟辛基磺酰氟与二胺(NH_2(CH_2)nNH_2,n=2,3,6,10)反应,合成以磺酰胺键为连接基、分子中含有2个碳氟链的油溶性氟表面活性剂;通过全氟辛酸与多元醇(乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇和季戊四醇)反应,合成以酯键为连接基、分子中分别含有2,3和4个碳氟链的油溶性氟表面活性剂。研究了这2个系列氟表面活性剂在乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丁酮以及乙醇-乙酸乙酯-丁酮三元混合溶剂中的表面活性,考察了氟表面活性剂分子结构、溶剂种类对表面活性的影响。结果显示,单纯增加碳氟链数目与降低表面张力之间不具有必然的依赖关系,分子整体构型也很重要,同时有机溶剂的种类对氟表面活性剂溶液的表面张力有显著影响。     

磷化表调剂的实践与理论探讨

介绍了多种磷化表调剂的应用及效果,用类质同晶理论为磷化表调剂充实了理论基础。     

表面活性剂对N,N′-二苯基硫脲合成的影响研究

对原N,N′ 二苯基硫脲的合成方法进行改进,考察不同种类表面活性剂在单用和复配时对反应的影响,找到较好的活性剂配伍,使反应时间由原来的6h减少到3h,CS2加入量由原来的过量100%降低为过量40%。