融合偏好度与网络结构的推荐算法

针对传统推荐系统追求推荐列表的准确率而忽略推荐的多样性以及数据集信息缺失等问题，提出了融合偏好度与网络结构的推荐算法。通过用户历史反馈数据分析用户偏好度，将偏好度与二部图随机游走推荐算法融合，初步得出项目推荐列表；利用用户-标签二部图，挖掘用户不跟随大众的喜好标签，得到推荐项目列表；根据模型融合得到最终的推荐结果。实验表明，新算法在保持较好精确率和召回率的情况下，有效提高了推荐的多样性。     

TEFRCF:标签熵特征表示的协同过滤个性化推荐算法

标签作为Web 2.0时代信息分类和检索的有效方式,已经成为近年的热点研究对象。标签推荐系统旨在利用标签数据为用户提供个性化推荐。现有的基于标签的推荐方法在预测用户对物品的兴趣度时往往倾向于赋予热门标签及其对应的热门物品较大的权重,导致权重偏差,降低了推荐结果的新颖性,未能充分反映用户个性化的兴趣。针对上述问题,定义了标签熵的概念来度量标签的不确定性,提出了标签熵特征表示的协同过滤个性化推荐算法。该算法通过引入标签熵来解决权重偏差问题,利用三分图形式描述用户-标签-项目之间的关系;构建基于标签熵特征表示的用户和项目特征表示,并通过特征相似性度量方法计算项目的相似性;最后利用用户标签行为和项目的相似性线性组合预测用户对项目的偏好值,并根据预测偏好值排序生成最终的推荐列表。在Last.fm数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法能够提高推荐准确性和新颖性,满足用户的个性化需求。     

融合朋友关系和标签信息的张量分解推荐算法

针对大众标注网站项目推荐系统中存在数据矩阵稀疏性影响推荐效果的问题,考虑矩阵奇异值分解(SVD)能有效地平滑数据矩阵中的数据,以及朋友圈能够反映出一个人的兴趣爱好,提出了一种融合朋友关系和标签信息的张量分解推荐算法。首先,利用高阶奇异值分解(HOSVD)方法对用户-项目-标签三元组信息进行潜在语义分析和多路降维,分析用户、项目、标签三者间关系;然后,再结合用户朋友关系、朋友间相似度,修正张量分解结果,建立三阶张量模型,从而实现推荐。该模型方法在两个真实数据集上进行了实验,结果表明,所提算法与高阶奇异值分解的方法比较,在推荐的召回率和精确度指标上分别提高了2.5%和4%,因此,所提算法进一步验证了结合朋友关系能够提高推荐的准确率,并扩展了张量分解模型,实现用户个性化推荐。     

基于标签信息特征相似性的协同过滤个性化推荐

标签推荐系统旨在利用标签数据为用户提供个性化推荐。已有的基于标签的推荐方法往往忽视了用户和资源本身的特征,而且在相似性度量时仅针对项目相似性或用户相似性进行计算,并未充分考虑二者之间的有效融合,推荐结果的准确性较低。为了解决上述问题,将标签信息融入到结合用户相似性和项目相似性的协同过滤中,提出融合标签特征与相似性的协同过滤个性化推荐方法。该方法在充分考虑用户、项目以及标签信息的基础上,利用二维矩阵来定义用户-标签以及标签-项目之间的行为。构建用户和项目的标签特征表示,通过基于标签特征的相似性度量方法计算用户相似性和项目相似性。基于用户标签行为和用户与项目的相似性线性组合来预测用户对项目的偏好值,并根据预测偏好值排序,生成最终的推荐列表。在Last.fm数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法能够提高推荐的准确度,满足用户的个性化需求。     

结合用户主观偏好与项目属性扩充的推荐算法

协同过滤算法是推荐系统中使用广泛的一种算法,然而传统协同过滤算法仅利用评分信息,实际场景下会面临相似度计算准确率低,推荐个性化程度不高的缺陷,难以满足用户的需求.针对协同过滤算法的不足,结合用户主观偏好与项目属性扩充提出一种改进算法,首先在项目相似度计算上做了两个改进:引入标签相关度,依据项目标签相关度来研究项目之间的相似度,并根据项目历史评分用户的特征构造项目的扩充属性,可用于从项目受众类型的角度衡量项目相似度;其次考虑到用户存在主观偏好的情况,使用支持向量机为每个用户训练标签偏好预测模型,可用于项目预测评分的修正,提高推荐的个性化程度和准确度.基于MovieLens数据集的实验结果表明,所提算法能更准确地计算项目间的相似度,且能根据用户的个性化偏好得出更精确的预测评分.     

基于改进鱼群算法与张量分解的社会化标签推荐模型

基于大众分类法(folksonomy)的标签应用已逐渐成为一种重要的互联网内容组织方式,但随着数据规模的海量增长,产生了严重的信息过载问题,而传统的基于“用户-项目”二元关系的个性化推荐算法难以有效应对由“用户-项目-标签”所构成的三元关系。通过对基本人工鱼群算法进行改进,提出一种对标签推荐系统初始数据集进行聚类分析的方法,用以降低标签推荐系统的数据分析规模。在此基础上,综合考虑标签推荐系统中的元素权重以及反映用户偏好的评分信息,将元素权重和评分等级进行加权处理,以处理结果作为张量中的元素,建立了一种新的加权张量模型,并利用动态增量更新的张量分解算法进行模型求解,进而完成个性化的推荐。最后在两个真实的实验数据集上对比分析了所提算法(FTA)与另外两个经典标签推荐算法的推荐性能,实验结果表明FTA算法在准确率和召回率上均具有较好的表现。     

基于网络和标签的混合推荐算法

基于网络结构的推荐算法利用用户与项目间的结构关系进行推荐,忽略了用户偏好,而项目的标签隐含了项目的内容及用户的偏好,提出一种基于网络结构和标签的混合推荐方法。算法根据用户选择项目的标签统计信息,分别采用TF-IDF和用户对标签的支持度两种方法构建用户偏好模型,与基于网络的推荐模型进行线性组合推荐。通过在基准数据集MovieLens上测试证明,该算法在推荐结果命中率、个性化程度、多样性等方面均优于基于网络的推荐算法。     

集成社会化标签和用户背景信息的协同过滤推荐方法

针对传统的协同推荐算法存在数据稀疏和推荐精度低的问题,提出了一种集成社会化标签和用户背景信息的协同过滤(CF)推荐方法。首先,分别计算基于社会化标签和用户背景信息的用户间的相似度;然后,基于用户评分计算用户间的相似度;最后,集成上述3种相似性度量产生用户间综合相似度,并对目标用户进行项目推荐。实验结果表明,与传统的协同过滤推荐算法相比,所提方法在正常数据集和冷启动数据集下的平均绝对误差(MAE)平均降低了16%和22.6%。该方法不仅能有效地提高推荐算法的精度,而且能较好地解决数据稀疏和冷启动的问题。     

一种融合信任和项目卷积描述信息的PMF算法

针对现有概率矩阵分解(PMF)技术的个性化推荐系统在采用社交网络中信任信息时常常忽视项目相关描述文档信息的问题,提出一种融合用户信任和通过卷积网络以获取项目描述等信息的PMF模型.首先,利用用户偏好信息和行为轨迹信息构建一种新的信任网络;然后,通过卷积神经网络从项目描述文档中提取项目潜在的特征向量;最后,在概率矩阵分解过程中同时利用评分数据、信任网络中用户的信任信息和项目的描述信息,计算用户和项目的潜在特征向量以预测评分并进行个性化推荐.为验证算法的有效性,选择3种算法在4个数据集上进行对比,实验结果表明所提出的算法在推荐精确度和鲁棒性方面优于其他3种算法.     

融合标签和多元信息的个性化推荐算法研究

多数基于标签的推荐算法都存在推荐方式单一的问题，没有充分利用社会关系等其他信息。针对这一问题，提出了一种融合信任关系、时间因子和标签信息的个性化推荐算法TTLMF，该算法在现有基于标签的个性化推荐算法的基础上，充分利用了用户之间的信任关系和当前上下文的时间信息，使得推荐项目更加符合用户的需求。在公共数据集last.fm上进行了实验，结果表明TTLMF算法在准确率、召回率、[Fmeasure]以及覆盖率这四个指标上具有更好的推荐效果，一定程度上缓解了数据稀疏性和用户的冷启动问题。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.