BOD微生物传感检测仪的研究进展

针对BOD微生物传感器的研究与应用前景,分析了BOD微生物传感器的类型及工作原理、微生物的选择和微生物膜的固定化技术以及现阶段BOD微生物传感器的优点及存在的一些问题.在此基础上对BOD微生物传感器的发展进行了探讨.     

快速测定BOD的方法

＠陈立波￥吉林化工学院＠于江波￥吉化公司有机合成厂ＢＯＤ是微生物降解废水中有机污染物所消耗的水中溶解氧的量，间接地反映了水体被有机物污染的程度。由于ＢＯＤ的测定时间很长，所以传统的测定方法是在２０℃将细菌培养５ｄ，测定其耗氧量，故称ＢＯＤ５。ＢＯＤ５不能完...     

高锰酸钾指数在BOD5分析中的运用

以高锰酸钾指数为依据，可以确定适宜的稀释倍数，提高BOD5分析结果的可靠性、准确性，节约试剂、节约时间，提高工作效率。     

硝化作用对BOD5测定值的影响

BOD5是污水处理厂的一个重要水质指标,SBR法污水处理出水中含有大量硝化细菌。在BOD5测定中,因受硝化作用的影响,常常出现BOD5测定值偏大的情况。用加入丙烯基硫脲(ATU,C4H8N2S)的方法,抑制硝化过程、消除对BOD5测定的影响,可取得良好的测定结果。     

膜电极法测定生活污水的BOD5

通过对比膜电极法与叠氮化钠修正碘量法测定BOD5的试验结果，表明膜电极法具有准确性高、抗干扰性强、操作简单、无毒无害等优点。另外，就确定稀释倍数和曝气对测定结果的影响进行了研究。     

BOD5测定技术及其影响因素的探讨

生化需氧量是目前水质有机污染常用的重要指标之一,是水质监测的重要参数.但由于整个测定过程是一个复杂的生化过程,会受到许多因素的影响,诸如接种、稀释、溶解氧、气泡、硝化等.笔者对这些影响因素作了较详尽的论述,并简介了两种最新仪器快速测定方法.     

城市污水BOD与COD关系的探讨

从ＢＯＤ与ＣＯＤ的构成及降解动力学出发，探讨了ＢＯＤ与ＣＯＤ的相关关系，得到了ＢＯＤ５与ＣＯＤ的相关模型。应用某城市污水的实测数据和数理统计方法对模型进行了检验，表明该模型具有适用性。提出并讨论了当量耗氧系数和城市污水量大ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤ之值。     

石化环境监测LIMS系统中BOD5的组态方法

文章阐述了石化环境监测LIMS系统中BOD5的组态方法。在组态之前,需要根据实际工作中变量的常规取值对BOD5和溶解氧的计算公式进行简化,组态BOD5的LIMS分析方法所需的组态分项包括水样在培养前后的溶解氧浓度等15个,每个分项均应根据数据类型、修约规则、计量单位设置相应的属性,空白样在培养前、后的溶解氧质量浓度用LabWare LIMS的“标准试剂”功能实现组态。BOD5值根据分析方法的计算公式、检出限、测定范围等限定条件编制程序语句计算出最终结果,编程组态后的LIMS分析经反复测试完全正确。     

A microbial sensor for BOD

A microbial amperometric sensor for the determination of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) determination using Trichosporon cutaneum cells immobilized in polyvinylalcohol has been developed. This sensor allowed BOD measurement with very short response times (< 30 s), an operation stability of 48 days and a serial coefficient of variation of ±3.3% when a sample solution containing 22 mg l⁻¹ BOD was employed. A linear range was obtained up to 100 mg l⁻¹ BOD using a glucose/glutamic acid standard. The sensitivity and specificity was increased by incubation of the BOD sensor with the respective wastewater. Comparable results were obtained for BOD values estimated by the biosensor and those determined by the 5-day method.     

Microbial BOD sensors for wastewater analysis

The field of biosensors for measuring biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is reviewed. Particularly, BOD sensors constructed on the biofilm configuration are discussed regarding performance characteristics like linearity, response time, precision, agreement between BOD values obtained from the biosensors and the conventional 5-days test, as well as toxic resistance to various compounds and operational stability. The techniques for improving the agreement between the sensor BOD and BOD5 are described. Information provided also includes BOD biosensors based on respirometers and other measuring principles, the commercial BOD instruments, as well as the current limitations of BOD biosensor development.     

BOD5 estimation for pulp and paper mill effluent using UV absorbance

A novel method based on UV absorbance, is presented for estimating the BOD5 in pulp and paper mill effluent. This method could eventually be incorporated into an on-line sensor for BOD5 that is suitable for process control applications. Two streams, the reactor entrance and the final effluent, from two different mills were studied. One mill employed the Kraft pulping process, while the second mill was a thermo-mechanical one. The absorbance over the range 200-350 nm showed significant differences between the two mills. Because the two mills use very distinct processes, separate correlations were used to relate the absorbance to the BOD5 for both the mills. Results indicate that prediction of reactor entrance BOD5 was reasonable, whereas prediction of final effluent BOD5 was inaccurate, for both mills. Also studied was the effect of aeration on BOD5 results obtained at low BOD5 values for the Kraft mill.     

On-Line Monitoring of Sewage for the Detection of Toxicity and Measurement of Short-Term BOD

An on-line monitor is described which measures the short-term BOD and detects the presence of nitrification inhibitors. The instrument, which is based on a 10-1 activated-sludge bioreactor and incorporates auto-calibration facilities, has been tested over several years operating on crude and settled sewage. Calibrations against sewage strength parameters show linear and reproducible results. Toxicity detection is automatically confirmed by checking the degree of oxidation of a standard solution of ammonia. If detection is confirmed, sampling is initiated and an alarm is triggered.     

Respirometric determination of BOD

Oxygen uptake data obtained from a simple large volume respirometer have shown good correlation with conventional BOD data. The effect of carbon dioxide deficiency was found to be of some significance in respirometric work.     

Probable causes for reduced BOD test results in hypersaline wastewaters

The causes for erratic BOD results from wastewaters containing elevated concentrations of salt were investigated. Standard organic solutions and an industrial waste were tested with sewage seed and known species of salt tolerant bacteria using standard and hypersaline dilution water at three salt concentrations. Significant BOD differences were found when saline wastes were diluted with standard (non-saline) BOD dilution water. Bacterial populations to genera were monitored and it was shown that equivalent numbers of bacteria did not have the same capability to degrade a given amount of waste with increases in salt concentrations to the 3% level. Seeding of hypersaline wastewaters with known salt tolerant species is recommended for consistent BOD results.     

Refinements to the BOD Test

For about eighty years the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) has remained one of the major indicators of organic pollution in the water industry.
Whilst many adaptations and refinements have been made over the last 2–3 decades, one of the most significant was to suppress nitrification by the addition of allylthiourea (ATU) at 0.5 mg/1, thus ensuring that only carbonaceous oxidation was measured. Evidence has accrued to show that, for some situations, this concentration is insufficient to fully suppress nitrification.
Poor stability is a problem with biochemical oxygen demand when samples have to be stored prior to analysis, and a method of storage is proposed which minimizes instability. As an empirical bioassay procedure, the accuracy of BOD can be poor compared with alternative methods such as chemical oxygen demand; and problems with incubator and refrigerator temperatures, the preparation of standards, and replacement batteries for dissolved-oxygen probes are discussed.
The aim of this paper is to show that these problems with biochemical oxygen demand can be eliminated, thereby retaining confidence in its use.     

BOD and COD of some petrochemicals

The acute toxicity to goldfish (Carassius auratus) of a number of groups of industrial chemicals derived from petroleum has been determined. The results of the tests are presented here. The BOD and COD values found for these chemicals are published in the next article.     

Effect of mass transport on BOD removal in trickling filters

The effect of liquid-phase mass transport on BOD removal efficiency in a trickling filter is presented based on an analytical model of the process. It is shown graphically that liquid-phase mass transport resistances can significantly affect BOD removal for a given trickling filter. The applicability of the results presented to the analysis of experimental data and trickling filter design is discussed.     

The effects of unbalanced ammonia and BOD concentrations on oxidation ponds

The performance of oxidation ponds and the quality of their effluents is usually defined and evaluated in terms of high or low BOD. The work described here shows that this does not always give a complete picture, because high ammonia concentrations might lead to anoxic conditions in the pond inspite of low BOD of the water.