二氧化硅负载磷钨酸催化合成苹果酯

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化硅负载磷钨酸催化剂。以其为催化剂,对以乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇为原料合成苹果酯的反应条件进行了研究,较系统地研究了反应物质的量比、催化剂用量、带水剂环已烷,反应时间对收率的影响。实验表明,二氧化硅负载磷钨酸催化剂是合成苹果酯的良好催化剂,在n(乙酰乙酸乙酯):n(乙二醇)=:1,5,催化剂用量为原料总质量的1.0%,环己烷作带水剂8mL,反应时间75min的优化条件下,苹果酯的收率可达56.8%。     

磷钨酸催化合成苹果酯

探讨磷钨酸对苹果酯合成反应的催化活性,研究了带水剂用量、催化剂用量、乙酰乙酸乙酯与乙二醇的物质的量之比、反应时间等因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明：磷钨酸是合成苹果酯的优良催化剂,在n(乙酰乙酸乙酯):n(乙二醇)为1：1．5,催化剂用量为反应物总量的0．5%,环己烷作带水剂,反应时间为1．0h的优化条件下,苹果酯的收率可达82．2％。     

活性炭负载磷钨酸催化合成丙二酸二乙酯的研究

以丙二酸和乙醇为原料，采用活性炭负载磷钨酸作催化剂合成丙二酸二乙酯。考察了催化剂用量、酸醇物质的量比、带水剂用量以及反应时间等因素对收率的影响。确定最佳酯化反应条件：n(丙二酸n(乙醇）∶n(催化剂）＝1∶3∶0.007，带水剂甲苯15 mL，反应时间90 min。收率可达96.25%。     

磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化剂催化合成苹果酯

自制了磷钨酸(H3PW12O40)掺杂聚苯胺(PAn)催化剂H3PW12O40/PAn。以乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇为原料合成苹果酯,较系统地研究了原料摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明,合成苹果酯的适宜反应条件为n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1 5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1 0%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间50min。上述条件下,苹果酯的收率为81 0%。     

二氧化硅负载硅钨钼酸催化合成苹果酯

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化硅负载硅钨钼酸催化剂。以其为催化剂,以乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇为原料合成了苹果酯,探讨二氧化硅负载硅钨钼酸对苹果酯合成反应的催化活性。用正交实验法较系统地研究了反应物料配比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应时间等因素对产物收率的影响。实验表明,二氧化硅负载硅钨钼酸是合成苹果酯的良好的催化剂,固定乙酰乙酸乙酯的用量为0.20mol,在n(乙酰乙酸乙酯):n(乙二醇)=1:1.5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.0%,带水剂环己烷8mL,反应时间60min的优化条件下,苹果酯的收率可达72.8%。     

二氧化硅负载硅钨酸催化合成苹果酯

以二氧化硅负载硅钨酸为催化剂,乙酰乙酸乙醇和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成了苹果酯,探讨二氧化硅负载硅钨酸对合成苹果酯反应的催化活性,较系统的研究了原料量比,催化剂用量,带水剂吐用量和反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。结果表明,在n(乙酰乙酸乙酯):n(乙二醇)=1:1.4,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.8%,带水剂环己烷10mL,反应时间45min的优化条件下,苹果酯的收率可达66.9%。     

活性炭负载磷钨酸催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的研究

用活性炭负载磷钨酸催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮,考察了催化剂的用量、反应温度、反应时间、酮醇物质的量比及带水剂等因素对反应的影响,实验表明,在n( 环己酮)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1.8,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量分数的0.84%、环己烷为带水剂和反应时间30 min条件下,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达88.73%。催化剂可重复使用。     

磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化剂催化合成己二酸二丁酯

制备了磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化剂 ,应用于己二酸和正丁醇反应 ,合成了己二酸二丁酯 ,探讨了磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化剂对酯化反应的催化活性 ,研究了原料物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明 ,磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化剂是合成己二酸二丁酯的良好催化剂 ,在n正丁醇∶n己二酸 =4 .0∶1 ,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的 1 .0 % ,环己烷为带水剂 ,反应时间 2 .0h的优化条件下 ,己二酸二丁酯的收率可达 79.7%。     

苯磺酸酮催化合成苹果酯

以苯磺酸酮为催化剂,对乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇为原料合成苹果酯的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明苯磺酸酮是合成苹果酯的良好催化剂,最佳反应条件为:n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)∶n(乙二醇)为1∶1.5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.5%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间1.0h,苹果酯收率达82.7%。     

硅胶负载硅钨酸催化合成乙酸正丁酯

以硅胶负载硅钨酸为催化剂,通过乙酸与正丁醇反应合成了乙酸正丁酯.较系统地研究了酸醇量比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量及反应时间等条件对收率的影响.结果表明:在n(乙酸)∶n(正丁醇)=1∶1.6,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的0.56％,环己烷为带水剂用量为10mL,反应时间60min的优化条件下,乙酸正]酯的收率可达96.5％...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。