活性碳纤维的应用开发

活性碳纤维不仅具有直径细、外表面积大、孔径分布窄和吸脱速度快等特点,且具有纤维、布、毡和纸等多种形态,适应性强。因而广泛用于环保工程、电子工业、能源和生理用品等各个领域。实践证明,活性碳纤维是高效多功能新型吸附剂。本文主要阐述它的应用开发,并结合应用事例简要介绍其性能。     

用活性碳纤维处理炼油厂废水的研究

本文用活性碳纤维作吸附剂处理炼油厂二次生化砂滤后出水，探索了以吸附法处理二次生化出水的ＣＯＤｃｒ，浊度等指标的可行性，为中试化提供技术参数。实验表明：活性碳纤维对二次生化后废水中的ＣＯＤ，浊度吸附性能良好，当ＣＯＤｃｒ为３１８ｍｇ／Ｌ，浊度８８．６ｍｇ／Ｌ时，２５０ｇ活性碳纤维处理３Ｌ废水，净化效率分别是６９．５％，６９．８％。活性碳纤维饱和后，经过热蒸汽在２００－５００℃下脱附，恢复率近１００％     

活性碳纤维复合滤料对采油污水过滤性能的研究

采用活性碳纤维及其复合滤料进行油田采出水模拟试验,并对其吸附性能、再生性能进行试验研究.当水中油的浓度为10mg/L时,活性碳纤维滤料的最大吸油量可达205.7mg/g;在过滤实验中,当进水含油浓度在100mg/L时,经活性碳纤维复合滤料处理后出水均小于5mg/L,达到A类回注水水质的要求.活性碳纤维复合滤料的过滤周期为24h,容易再生.结果表明,活性碳纤维复合滤料是一种优良的过滤材料,对水中油污具有良好的吸附去除作用.     

组合滤芯家用净水器

本实用新型涉及一种家庭用的净水器。它由壳体和装在壳体内的组合滤：出组成；所述的组合滤芯包括由聚丙烯材料制成的筒状微滤芯和装在微滤芯筒体底部的活性碳纤维滤：卷及装在活性碳纤维滤芯下面的中空纤维膜超滤芯；水先经聚丙稀微滤芯过滤，再进入中心孔下部的活性碳纤维过滤，最后渗入其下面的超滤芯进行净化。     

有活性碳纤维滤嘴的香烟

本实用新型有活性碳纤维滤嘴的香烟属过滤嘴，目的是过滤掉全部或大部分香烟中有害物质。有活性碳纤维滤嘴的香烟采用活性碳纤维过滤烟和有害物质。有活性碳纤维滤嘴的香烟，由烟丝、滤嘴组成，其特征在于滤嘴有活性碳纤维的过滤层。活性碳纤维是活性碳纤维织物，这织物可以单独放在滤嘴的前端、中间任何位置或尾端的截面上，或把活性碳纤维织物放在上述两种位置或三种位置。     

活笥碳纤维吸附染料前后的结构比较

借助Ｘ－射线衍射和Ｘ－射线光电子能谱分析手段，比较了几种活性碳纤维在水相中吸附前后的结构。研究结果表明，活性碳纤维吸附染料后，其微晶结构发生了变化，依吸附质的不同，活性碳纤维的晶面间距有一定的膨胀或缩小。同时，活性碳纤维在水溶液中也发生了一系列的化学变化，其表面含氧量在吸附后有所增加或减小，显著某些有机物也可使活性碳纤维发生氧化或还原。     

活性碳纤维吸附法脱蜡降浊点的研究

探讨了活性碳纤维对润滑油基础油脱蜡降浊点的工艺,考察两种不同比表面积的活性碳纤维在不同温度和不同空速条件下对浊点降低效果的影响和穿透量。结果表明,空速1 h-1,温度50℃,比表面积1 800 m2/g的活性碳纤维浊点降低效果最好,下降的总温度可达10℃。当吸附的基础油体积达到脱蜡塔体积的23倍时,活性碳纤维被穿透。SEM、BET等分析结果表明,比表面积1 800 m2/g的活性碳纤维的孔容、孔径比1 000 m2/g的活性碳纤维大,其表面具有更多的活性位点,更有利于蜡烃组分的吸附。通过尿素络合法分析吸附前后基础油的烃类组成情况,正构烷烃的质量分数由20%下降至10%。气相色谱仪分析吸附前后正十二烷与异构十六烷含量的变化证明,活性碳纤维对正构烷烃具有选择性吸附。     

活性碳纤维对苯胺的吸附性能研究

采用静态吸附法探究活性碳纤维对苯胺溶液的吸附能力,探讨了在不同的吸附时间、不同质量的活性碳纤维、不同初始浓度的苯胺溶液和不同p H值、盐效应、温度等条件下对吸附效率的影响,同时探讨了颗粒活性炭对苯胺溶液的吸附能力。研究结果表明,活性碳纤维对苯胺溶液具有良好的吸附效果,即使在常温下,活性碳纤维对苯胺都具有较高的吸附效率,而盐的质量分数也会提高其吸附效率,对实际应用有参考价值;相同质量的颗粒活性炭对苯胺溶液的吸附效果不及活性碳纤维。     

KOH活化法制备PAN基活性碳纤维的研究

系统地研究了制备活性碳纤维的KOH化学试剂活化方法,并用碘值、苯值测定了活性碳纤维的吸附性能。通过实验确定最佳活化工艺,制备出了吸附性能优异的活性碳纤维。     

活性碳纤维的结构性能与应用

本文概述了近年来新开发的高效吸附材料－活性碳纤维的结构特性及吸附性能，并与颗粒活性炭进行了比较，较详细地介绍了ＡＣＦ在环保、医学等领域的应用情况。     

吸附法回收油气的研究

分别以活性炭和活性炭纤维为吸附剂吸附回收油气,比较了两者油气吸附性能的差异,研究结果表明:在相同的吸附条件下,活性炭纤维对油气的穿透吸附量为114.0mg/g,明显大于活性炭对油气的穿透吸附量(71.8 mg/g),而且活性炭纤维床层的最高温升仅为4.7℃,低于活性炭床层温升(12.0℃);活性炭纤维对油气的吸附速率快、穿透时间短,但是能处理的油气的浓度小;活性炭重复利用18次后失活,活性炭纤维利用20次后失活.     

活性炭纤维在吸附领域的应用

活性炭纤维是一种新型高效吸附材料。本文阐述了活性炭纤维的结构与吸附性能间的关系，并介绍了它在吸附领域的应用。     

Influence of activation time on the properties of polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon hollow fiber

Activated carbon hollow fiber (ACHF) was prepared from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) hollow fiber through carbonization in nitrogen and activation with carbon dioxide. The effect of the activation time on the pore size distribution and the surface structure of the resulted ACHF was investigated. The results show that increasing the activation time at 800°C can increase the number of pores and reduce the crystal size, the tensile strength, the modulus, and the elongation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Activated carbon‐filled cellulose acetate hollow‐fiber membrane for cell immobilization and phenol degradation

The activated carbon‐filled cellulose acetate (CA) hollow‐fiber membranes were prepared by using phase‐inverse technique and subsequently characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermal mechanical analysis (TMA), and tensile analysis. The SEM observation demonstrated that the activated carbon‐filled CA hollow‐fiber membranes possess four‐layer structure, which consists of an external skin dense layer, an external void layer, a central sponge layer, and an internal skin dense layer, whereas the pure CA hollow‐fiber membranes lack the macrovoid layer. As the measurement of AFM, the roughness of both internal and external surface of activated carbon‐filled fibers is much higher than that of pure CA fiber, respectively. Higher Young's modulus and storage modulus of filled membranes indicate that the activated carbon particles were homogeneously dispersed in the polymeric matrix. To investigate the feasibility of the newly developed hollow‐fiber membranes for cell immobilization cells and to evaluate the inhibitory effect of phenol on immobilized cells, Pseudomonas putida ATCC 17484 was chosen to be immobilized on both pure CA and activated carbon‐filled hollow‐fiber membranes. Batch experiments for phenol biodegradation were carried out for both free suspension and immobilized cells at the initial concentration of 1500 mg/L phenol. In the case of free suspension, neither cell growth nor phenol degradation occurred to any measurable extent up to 35 h. We found that both pure CA fiber and activated carbon‐filled fiber immobilization systems can completely degrade the phenol. However, the biodegradation rate of activated carbon‐filled fiber system was higher than that of pure CA fiber system. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 695–707, 2000     

活性炭纤维复合吸附材料的电热性能及应用

以活性炭纤维和酚醛树脂为原料制备复合吸附材料,研究了它的电热性能及气相吸附,脱附行为。     

活性炭纤维对Cu2+的吸附性能研究

活性炭纤维(ACF)作为一种新型活性炭吸附材料已引起了化学家们的极大关注。孔结构分析表明:活性炭纤维的孔径分布窄,孔径比较均匀。本文以活性炭纤维作为去除水中重金属离子Cu2+的吸附剂,吸附实验表明,活性炭纤维对Cu2+的最大吸附量为148.50mg.g-1,吸附平衡时间短,当接触时间为50min时,即可达到吸附平衡,吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型。动态吸附结果表明,活性炭纤维对Cu2+的吸附量随着流速的增加而降低。     

活性炭纤维及其前景

本文就活性炭纤维的制备和应用作了评述。活性炭纤维具有极高的比表面积和很高的吸附速率。与颗粒活性炭和粉状活性炭相比，活性炭纤维具有独特的特性，因而，活性炭纤维的应用与日俱增。     

活性炭纤维的改性研究和在烟气脱硫中的应用

活性炭纤维是在碳纤维工业基础上发展起来的新一代吸附材料,相比于活性炭（粒状和粉状）,活性炭纤维具有比表面积大、微孔丰富、孔径小且分布窄、吸附量大等优点。介绍了活性炭纤维的表面结构特点和化学组成,综述了活性炭纤维在国内外的改性现状及在烟气脱硫中的应用,并展望了活性炭纤维的发展方向。     

Influence of activation temperature on the properties of polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon hollow fiber

In this work, polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber was oxidized, carbonized, and activated by carbon dioxide into activated hollow carbon fiber. The effects of the activation temperature on the characteristics of the resulting activated hollow carbon fiber, including the mechanical properties, the surface area, and pore size distribution, were studied. The results show that by activating for 40 min at 800°C, the mechanical properties was better, the surface area was larger, and the pore size was distributed in three ranges. Higher activation temperature led to the decrease in the mechanical strength, the increase in the burn-off degree of the surface, the reduce of the portion of micropores, and the greatly broadening the pore size distribution. Lower activation temperature can only produce pleading on the surface of the fiber instead of open pores, due to the milder attack of CO₂. Therefore, the characteristics of the activated hollow carbon fiber can be controlled by the activation temperature. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 1331–1336, 1998     

活性炭纤维对钯的吸附性能研究

活性炭纤维是一种新型高效吸附材料,具有比表面积大,微孔发达,孔径分布窄,吸附速度快,吸附能力强等特点.通过活性炭纤维对钯溶液的吸附实验,探讨了静态条件以及动态条件下,溶液的初始浓度,系统的温度,活性炭纤维的质量,吸附时间,不同流速等条件对活性炭纤维吸附性能的影响.研究表明:活性炭纤维对钯有较强的吸附性能,最高吸附率可达...