Simulation and prediction of flow patterns in mold filling

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Mensuration and simulation of mold filling process in semi-solid die-cast of aluminum alloy

To understand the flow trace of semi-solid slurry in mold cavity, some thermocouples were inserted in mold cavity, and the reaction timing of thermocouples showed the arrival of fluid. The filling time and rate were estimated by comparison between the experiment and calculation. The introduction of computer simulation technique based on ADSTEFAN was to predict injectionforming process and to prevent defects during trial manufacture of various parts. By comparing the formed appearance of parts in experiment and in simulation, and observing the relationship between internal defects inspected by X-ray or microscope and the flow field obtained in simulation, it was indicated that both have quite good agreement in simulation and experiment. Right predictions for cast defects resulted from mold filling can be carried out and proper direction was also proposed. The realization of numerical visualization for filling process during semi-solid die-cast process will play an important role in optimizing technology plan.     

迭代法对铸造充型数值模拟的影响

通过实际计算比较了松驰因子w和迭代次数n对铸造充型过程模拟软件中所使用的超松驰迭代法的计算影响,通过统计计算时间来比较其计算所耗时长,和与英国伯明翰大学所做的标准验证实验对比以验证其模拟精度.得出在固定的迭代次数下,松驰因子w对计算速度和计算精度有较大的影响,而迭代次数在大于临界值时则影响不大.     

Analysis of filling process of Ti6Al4V alloy melt poured in permanent mold during centrifugal casting process

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｉｔａｎｉｕｍａｌｌｏｙｓｈａｖｅａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄａｇｒｅａｔｄｅａｌｏｆａｔ ｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌａｔｔｒａｃｔｉｖｅｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｆｏｒｈｉｇｈ ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ .Ａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ ,ｆｏｒｔｈｅｉｒｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎ ,ｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｒｅ ｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅａｎｄｌｏｗｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ,Ｔｉ6Ａｌ4Ｖｂａｓｅｄａｌｌｏｙｓａｒｅｂｅｉｎｇａｐｐｌｉｅｄ…     

铝合金铸件充型过程及氧化膜卷入的数值模拟

对于直接有限差分法，提出了单元表面无量纲距离、表面充填比率和体积充填比率，以描述铸件充型过程中自由表面的形状，建立了相应的充型过程数学模型，考虑了自由表面形状对动量、质量和能量传输的影响；提出了充型过程自由表面碰撞中表面氧化膜破碎，及其后破碎氧化膜流动的计算模型。对实验铝合金铸件进行了模拟应用，通过实际铸件充型过程的特殊X射线实时观察和记录。及实际铸件的气孔、收缩缺陷分布的检测，对模拟结果进行了验证分析。结果表明：充型过程模拟结果与X射线实时观察结果吻合较好，尤其是自由表面的变化；氧化膜卷入模拟结果与实际铸件气孔、收缩缺陷的分布存在一定的对应关系。     

水槽深度对板坯结晶器热/力行为的影响

基于某钢厂的板坯连铸机具体参数,建立了三维热弹塑性有限元模型,得到了不同水槽深度下铜板的温度、变形量和等效应力应变的分布状态。结果表明：水槽深度增加,热面温度随之减小,热面等效应力随之增大,热应变和塑性应变随之减小,热面变形随之降低。结晶器的水槽深度对结晶器热变形影响较大,当水槽深度增加4 mm,热面最大变形量减小约0.05 mm。     

Computer simulation for centrifugal mold filling of precision titanium castings

Computer simulation codes were developed based on a proposed mathematical model for centrifugal mold filling processes and previous computer software for 3D mold filling and solidification of castings (CASM-3D for Windows). Sample simulations were implemented for mold filling processes of precision titanium castings under gravity and different centrifugal casting techniques. The computation results show that the alloy melt has a much stronger mold filling ability for thin section castings under a centrifugal force field than that only under the gravity. A "return back" mold filling manner is showed to be a reasonable technique for centrifugal casting processes, especially for thin section precision castings.     

基于充型过程金属液流动特点的气-液两相流算法模型（英文）

针对在铸件充型过程中,金属液表现出不同的流动特点,含有固体颗粒的金属液具有不可压缩非牛顿流的流动特性,而过热金属液具有不可压缩牛顿流的流动特点,采用Projection方法求解气体、过热金属液和含有固体颗粒的金属液的速度场,用Level set方法来追踪气-液界面边界。为了验证计算模型,将模拟结果与实验结果(采用16 mm摄像机记录充型过程)进行比对,从而证明计算模型的正确性。     

微注塑成型中熔体充模流动的影响因素研究

针对微注塑成形中因熔体的质量小、所含的热量少及流动通道截面尺寸微小等特点所带来的不同于宏观注塑成形中的熔体流动问题及影响因素,进行了理论分析及相关试验研究。结果表明,微注塑成形中,模具温度是影响微尺度下熔体流动的重要工艺因素,且随通道截面尺寸的减小而逐渐增大;而壁面滑移对微小熔体流动行为的影响,也随通道尺寸的减小而增大。此外,模具排气、通道表面粗糙度等因素的对微注塑成形的影响也不可忽视,而表面张力等因素的影响可被忽略。     

日本铜合金金属型生产铸铁件状况

铸铁件金属型铸造技术已在工业发达国家得到应用，铜合金金属型生产铸铁件在日本得到很快发展。本文介绍了铜合金金属型的特点及其对所生产的球墨铸铁件、灰铸铁件性能的影响；比较详细地介绍了日本铜合金金属型生产铸铁件的状况。     

Low-cycle fatigue behavior of permanent mold cast and die-cast Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys

Fatigue failure is one of the main failure forms of Al-Si-Cu-Mg aluminum alloys.To feature their mechanical aspect of fatigue behavior,the low-cycle fatigue behavior of permanent mold cast and die-cast Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys at room temperature was investigated.The experimental results show that both permanent mold cast and die-cast Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys mainly exhibit cyclic strain hardening.At the same total strain amplitude,the die-cast Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy shows higher cyclic deformation resistance and longer fatigue life than does the permanent mold cast Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy.The relationship between both elastic and plastic strain amplitudes with reversals to failure shows a monotonic linear behavior,and can be described by the Basquin and Coffin-Manson equations,respectively.     

考虑压力对黏度影响的注塑填充过程数值模拟

为了研究熔体黏度模型对注塑成型数值模拟精度的影响,采用不考虑压力和考虑压力对黏度影响的WLF-Cross模型,利用Moldflow Plastics Insight软件对制品填充过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,注射压力较高时,采用考虑压力影响的黏度模型计算得到的注射压力和熔体温度显著增加,型腔填充阻力越大,注射压力和熔体温度增加越大。     

压铸模浇注系统的优化设计

应用CAE软件对压铸件的成型过程进行模拟,根据模拟的结果,对压铸模浇注系统进行优化,改善模具的浇注系统结构,提高了压铸件品质。     

初始组织特征对充型过程中初生相演变的影响

采用电磁搅拌法制备具有不同微观初始组织特征的半固态合金熔体,利用半固态挤压铸造法铸造螺旋线试样,使用定量金相技术分析试样的初始组织、成形的螺旋线试样不同长度上的初生相微观组织特征参数(固相率、晶粒尺寸和形状因子),研究半固态合金熔体充型过程中初生相组织的演变规律.结果表明:初生固相率在充型的沿程流动过程中变化较小;初生相的晶粒尺寸、形状因子沿充型长度呈现波浪形变化,波峰和波谷出现的位置与充型长度没有明确的关系;充型后初生相晶粒尺寸的变化幅度与充型前半固态合金熔体初生相晶粒尺寸的大小有对应关系.     

Evaluation of the effect of vacuum on mold filling in the magnesium EPC process

The combination of magnesium alloys with the expendable pattern casting (EPC) process will bring a bright future for the application of magnesium alloys. Vacuum is a pre-requisite parameter in the EPC process of magnesium alloys, because without vacuum, the fluidity of the magnesium alloy in the EPC process is too poor to fill the mold completely, especially for the thin-section castings. In this investigation, the effect of vacuum on the fluidity of AZ91 magnesium alloy has been explored. A modified model has been presented to explain the effect of vacuum on mold filling, which was verified by optical microscopy.The results obtained indicate that vacuum is the most effective parameter in improving the fluidity, the effect of vacuum on the fluidity interacting strongly with the pouring temperature and coating. Vacuum greatly changes the mass and heat transfer in the EPC process. Vacuum may not only control the profile of the metal–foam interface, which will influence the mass transfer process, but may also greatly speed up the removal rate of pattern decomposition products at the metal–coating interface. It also changes the primary heat-transfer mode to heat convention, which has a great influence on the distribution of the casting temperature field and solidification process. The microstructures of castings cast with vacuum exhibit a fine grain size and a small amount of precipitated Mg₁₇Al₁₂, but vary insignificantly with the location in the castings.     

Simulation of mold filling and solidification during centrifugal precision casting of Ti−6Al−4V alloy

A two-dimensional simulation model for melt flow and solidification in centrifugal precision casting has been developed based on experimental results on melt flow in a precision casting tree for Ti-6A1-4V alloy castparts. The amount of liquid alloy is intentionally adjusted to be less than that required for complete filling and is poured under a centrifugal force. The melt flows into mold cavities keeping contact with the vertical inside walls of the cavity in the anti-rotation side, and solidifies directionally by accumulating a solidified layer from the far end of the cavity to the gate according to the gradient of centrifugal force. The model reproduces melt flow observed in casting trials and directional solidification during centrifugal casting. In addition, it has been confirmed that the centrifugal force imposed on the melt enhances removal of defects caused by entrapment of gas bubbles or by solidification shrinkage and improves mechanical properties of the castparts. Formerly Graduate School of Iron and Steel Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology San 31 Hyoja-dong, Namku, Pohang 790-784, Korea     

Virtual analysis of influence of a filter on mould filling

Ceramic filters are used to avoid slag and impurities in foundry applications. When not properly applied, the presence of these filters may have a significant influence on mould filling. 3-D casting simulation has been applied to study the effects of the use of a ceramic filter on the metal flow in a gating system. Instead of using a pressure drop model to represent the behaviour of a fluid metal flow passing through a filter, a real exact filter geometry, which is created by a high resolution CT-scan and a non-destructive imaging technique, in the gating system is applied in the simulation. In this research, nodular cast iron is poured into a block casting. A depressurized gating system is used. After a choke, a filter with different orientations is placed in the system. Mould filling coupled with temperature is simulated. Geometries using different orientations of the filter, and without the filter have been researched. The simulated results show that the filter has no influence on the pouring time of the casting if the choke section is small enough compared to the effective section of the filter. Although the filter has no significant influence on the flow patterns in the block casting itself, the flow patterns in the filter zone are different. When the liquid metal passes a horizontal filter, it will be broken into many small streams and show a shower effect. After the part under the filter is full, the shower effect disappears. When the filter is located at the vertical position, due to the gravity, the shower effect is less. If no filter presents on the system, the liquid metal passes through the filter zone with a high speed and causes surface turbulence.