重庆的教堂-山地环境中的独特景观

清末以来的百多年间,西方传教士在重庆城乡修建了大小40多座教堂,其中大多数建在极具特色的山地之上。本文通过对其中三座教堂地理环境、形态特征的考察,从宗教,社会,人文等方面探讨西式教堂在选址方面的特点,分析了这些教堂在山地环境中所独有的形态特征。     

近代教堂对重庆城市制高点的利用

重庆城内自清中期至民国时期由外国传教士修建了大小十多座教堂,其中大多数建在极具特色的山地之上。通过对其中三座教堂地理环境、形态特征的考察,从宗教、社会、人文等方面探讨西式教堂在选址方面的特点,分析了这些教堂在山地环境中所独有的形态特征和视觉效果。     

基于百度POI数据的福州市宗教建筑分布特征研究——以佛教寺庙和基督教教堂为例

文章基于百度POI,对福州市的佛教建筑寺庙和基督教建筑教堂从最邻近指数、基尼系数和核密度三个方面进行了空间分布特征研究。研究结果表明:福州市的寺庙与教堂共计902座,其中寺庙650座,教堂252座。从最邻近指数来看,寺庙的最邻近系数R=0.568,教堂的最邻近系数R=0.431。两者最邻近系数都小于1,表明福州市的寺庙和教堂在空间分布上为聚集分布;从基尼系数来看,寺庙的基尼系数G=0.315,说明福州市各个区县的寺庙数量相对合理。教堂的基尼系数G=0.409,表明福州市各个区县的教堂数量差距较大;在核密度强度方面,福州市寺庙核密度呈现中心强,四周弱的分布格局,整体呈现出"众星拱月"的分布形态,教堂空间分布呈现东部强,西部弱的分布格局。     

杭州与上海近代时期教堂对比研究

杭州作为近代时期的边缘城市,在城市发展和建筑历程都与作为主流城市的上海有一定差异。以近代建筑中最为突出典型的教堂建筑作为切入点,旨在通过杭州与上海两座城市在教堂建筑方面异同比对,探讨这其中边缘与主流,地域特色,当时的文化经济起到的影响,使研究分析两地教堂建筑背景的同时,更深刻理解两座城市在近代发生的变迁。     

重庆地区传统建筑的接地形态设计研究

结合重庆地区的山地地形特征，详细地阐述了重庆地区传统建筑的接地形态，以促进重庆地区山地建筑接地形态的研究，达到在顺应山地环境方面体现出设计灵活性的目的，以更好地将人居和环境结合起来。     

合肥政务文化新区的一座小教堂

随着基督教的发展，基督教教堂建筑历经1000多年的时间，建筑形式有了很大的变化。但是，建筑形式的变化并没有使它们脱离功能使用的要求。介绍了合肥市政务文化新区的一座小教堂，这座小教堂在建筑形式上体现了现代建筑的造型特征和时代精神，同时又满足了基督教教堂宗教活动和宗教精神的要求。     

光的教堂与朗香教堂形态结构关联研究

本文着眼于体验视角,分析光的教堂与朗香教堂中各存在主体的构成及其相互关系、各存在主体分别对应的空间形态及其相互关系,以及这两组关系之间的关联:进而通过对朗香教堂空间形态结构的图式分析,透过形态表象的差异,揭示光的教堂在空间形态结构方面与朗香教堂的关联性;从一侧面展示当代教堂建筑形态生成的某些一般性规律。     

Architype的英国第一座超低能耗教堂申请规划许可

Architype在英国设菲尔德设计了一座超低能耗(Passivhaus)的教堂,并提交了规划申请。这将是英国第一座超低能耗教堂,取代了一座1960年代建造的教堂。去年7月,设菲尔德中央基督堂(Christ ChurchCentral)聘请Architype事务所来设计一座新的教堂,     

山地小城镇外部空间形态特色发展规划

本文从传统山地小城镇外部空间形态特色分析着手,在街道和中心区空间两个主要的城镇外部空间方面,探讨了富有山地特色小城镇外部空间形态的创造。　　　　一、引言　　　　山地小城镇由于地处山地地区,　“三分丘陵七分山,剩下平地三厘三”的民谚道出了山地小城镇建设用地的宝贵,山地人民在长期的生活、生产实践中“自下而上”自发地创造了高度复合,多维的,集约的,城镇、建筑、地景三位一体的山地特色城镇形态。然而,在目前城镇化进入加速发展阶段的进程中,川渝山地小城镇空间形态将发生剧烈的变动。这其中,既有旧有空间形态的…     

秦巴山地乡土建筑的文化基因及风格特征解析

以秦巴山地乡土建筑的文化特征为切入点,从地缘、交通、价值取向等3方面系统揭示该区域内乡土建筑形成的文化基因和特征,并在此背景下深入分析秦巴山地乡土建筑的风格特征及典型元素符号,揭示了秦巴山地乡土建筑多元共存,南北分异的地理格局和形态特征。     

中西建筑文化融合下的苏州杨家桥天主堂

在跨文化融合和地域环境的互相影响下，苏州现存的近代天主教教堂，既传承了西方古典主义的建筑特征，又吸取了本土地域建构文化，并展现出独特的中西文化融合的教堂建筑。苏州杨家桥天主堂建于1892年，坐落在苏州古城城外，其建筑特征是中西建筑文化融合下的代表之一。文章从建筑学的角度出发，通过对教堂的历史资料和实地测绘定性研究，从教堂平面、立面、剖面、细部、景观及文化等六个方面，来探究杨家桥天主堂跨文化的建筑语言和嬗变进程，并将其保留下去。     

清末中英基督教堂建筑比较研究

随着国内中西建筑文化交流研究的拓展与深化,近代西方基督教会在华营建活动及其建筑渐为学术界所关注。通过对近代中国以及西方教会宗主国—英国（为例）同期教堂建筑样式进行对比,阐释近代中西建筑文化交融中错综复杂的建筑现象,揭示近代教堂建筑发展的特征、规律。     

马库-迪卡纳韦济什教堂，葡萄牙

葡萄牙最近几个世纪并没有兴建很多的教学，这并不重要，因为。这个天主教的国家拥有大量的宗教建筑遗产，其中大部分都是葡萄牙水手从全世界掠夺财富的时期建造的。现在，这些建筑很多成为了博物馆，修道院整个的装饰被用作图书馆、临时用房以及度假胜地。     

Divine Living: Marketing and Selling Churches as Lofts in Toronto,Canada

In recent years, a growing number of churches no longer used by religious groups have been converted to loft housing. Church lofts offer consumers heritage architecture and unique aesthetics, elements that distinguish these spaces in the housing market. In order to sell converted churches as viable homes, however, developers and their marketing teams deploy a variety of marketing strategies. Through an analysis of advertising media in Toronto, Ontario, in this paper, I show how former churches are repackaged and promoted with a heritage identity that fits a normative ideal of upscale loft living. In particular, I analyse three central marketing themes: the reinvention of a church to a house and home, the production of identity through place names and the representation of church lofts in the urban landscape. Woven together, these themes rewrite a building’s religious past and legitimize an emerging housing market that makes use of built religious heritage.     

Building Water-Efficient Cities

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Cities across the United States must have reliable and consistent water supplies to support public health, promote economic growth, and protect the environment. The way we build and design cities influences water consumption patterns; however, the most significant factors of the built environment and their associations with water use are not well explored. In this study we seek to reveal the ways in which characteristics of the built environment influence urban water use. We analyze spatially detailed data sets of water use and the built environment in four different cities in the western United States. Our findings indicate the built environment in these cities has a substantial influence on single-family residential water use. Specifically, we find that vegetated land cover, housing density, and lot size are influential determinants of water use. However, we did find variation in the strength and significance of these variables between the cities, and there remains a need for city-specific analyses.

Takeaway for practice: The results indicate even small changes to design and permitting for single-family residential properties can produce substantial cumulative water savings for cities. Based on our findings, we propose planning and design strategies such as form-based codes, zoning, and municipal ordinances to help growing cities reduce their water use. We present estimates of the water conservation impacts these strategies might achieve and provide specific examples of planning documents, municipal ordinances, and land use plans some cities are already using to reduce their water use. Overall, our study provides empirical evidence to further support integrating land use planning and water management.     

传播学视野下中国近代基督教堂营造地方性研究* ——以武汉为例

1840 年鸦片战争后,伴随着一系列不平等条约的签订,近代基督教第四次传入我国,并在全国城乡建造了大量的教堂,其影响力深度与广度远超前三次。一般认为,风格迥异的基督教堂与本土建筑之间似乎没有联系。本文则从传播学视角出发,通过对比分析中西教堂的营造本体和过程,发现中国近代基督教堂营造与西方基督教堂有着较大的差异性,但与本土建筑营造之间有一定的同一性——即地方性,并以武汉为例作论证。从传播学上看,殖民传播属于一种非对等跨文化传播方式,作为传播媒介（传教士）的角色先天缺陷,导致原本属于弱者的受者（本土工匠）却获得了一定的主动性,表现出地方性特征,而这种特征自始就客观存在,显示出中国传统建筑文化的适应性和包容性。     

Simulation of acoustical parameters in rectangular churches

Computer simulations to predict acoustical parameters have been attracting renewed interest in recent years. This paper reports the results of computer simulations of the acoustics of box-shaped churches. Twenty-five buildings have been considered by varying the dimensional ratios between length, width and height. The study focuses on the values assumed by three acoustical parameters, the clarity, the early lateral energy fraction and the centre time, in each of the simulated buildings. The parameters of analysis allowed to evaluate the dependence between the shape of the building and its acoustics. Moreover, in each church, simulations were realized by moving the sound source in five different positions in order to investigate how the acoustics changes. Considering the trade-off among dimensional ratios of the room, volume and source position, formulae which predict acoustical parameters in box-shaped churches are presented. A first validation of these formulae has been made using measured acoustical parameters in five Italian churches.     

Gated and packaged suburbia: Packaging and branding Chinese suburban residential development

Chinese suburban residential developments have recently seen the emergence of ostentatious, decorative and ‘western’-style built forms. Many are built into gated communities. The existing perspectives on these developments from the Western context, such as the ‘club of consumption’ and the ‘discourse of fear’, are not adequate to explain the development of these residential forms in China. This paper emphasizes that the essential feature of these residential forms is their attempt to create an aesthetically appealing environment. Various packaging and branding practices are discussed, including creating magnificent gates, using foreign place names, borrowing western architectural motifs, and inventing a discourse of community. These practices are essentially a branding exercise to signify otherwise nameless suburban green fields. There are two reasons: branding is a status symbol for these residential areas in a competitive real estate market, while localized, imagined and hybrid ‘western’ forms are invented and adopted to exploit the common social mentality that treats the western style as equivalent to a modern and high-quality environment.     

Measuring the built environment of green transit-oriented development: A factor-cluster analysis of rail station areas in Singapore

Green transit-oriented development (TOD) is an evolution of the TOD theory, influenced by sustainable development and green urbanism. This advancement expands the environmental and ecological dimensions of conventional TOD. However, relevant research has only just started, particularly in combination with high-density cities in Asia. This study measures the built environment of Green TOD and identifies the key factors and characteristics of the Green TOD built environment. An evaluation method for the Green TOD built environment is developed on the basis of the 5D (density, diversity, design, destination, and distance) built environment framework and combined with green urbanism theories. Data from 23 rail station areas in Singapore were collected and analyzed using factor and cluster analysis. Five factors, namely, neighborhood spatial form factor, facility completeness factor, open space factor, high-density mixed land-use factor, and walking amenity factor, are extracted. Twenty-three station areas are classified into five clusters. The characteristics and optimization strategies of each cluster are analyzed on the basis of the statistical and graphical analyses. This research displays the characteristics and typology of the Green TOD built environment in an empirical way and offers a foundation for further research in diverse urban contexts.