雀麦膳食纤维对2型糖尿病患者的疗效观察

目的探讨雀麦膳食纤维粉(Oats dietary fiber bran,ODFB)对2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者血糖、血脂的影响及疗效观察。方法抽取40例符合条件的2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,随机分为ODFB干预组和对照组,每组20例,ODFB干预组除给予药物治疗外还采取ODFB营养干预、膳食指导和健康教育等干预措施;对照组采取膳食指导和药物治疗。结果对照组和干预组的空腹血糖(Fasting blood glucose,FBG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPBG)及总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High density lipid-cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low density lipid-cholesterol,LDL-c)、甘油三酯(Triglycerides,TG)各指标8W较0W明显改善,均有显著差异(P<0.05);但0～8W差值均为干预组大于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论一定剂量的ODFB对T2DM患者有降糖、降脂疗效。     

2型糖尿病空腹血糖对血液流变学指标的影响

目的了解不同空腹血糖状态下的2型糖尿病患者血液流变学指标的特点。方法入选172例2型糖尿病患者,空腹测定血糖和血液流变学指标,按血糖控制是否达标分成两组,比较其血液流变学指标是否有差异。结果空腹血糖较高的一组血液流变学各项指标均高于空腹血糖较好的一组。结论2型糖尿病空腹血糖对血液流变学指标有影响,控制好血糖对改善血液流变学指标、预防血栓性疾病有好处。     

翻白草对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的探讨翻白草(HPD)对2型糖尿病(2-DM)大鼠胰岛素抵抗(IR)的影响。方法高热量饲料加链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立2-DM大鼠模型,通过测定其胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)的变化来研究不同剂量HPD水煎剂对上述各指标的影响。结果HPD治疗组ISI高于2-DM大鼠模型组,并且与正常对照组和二甲双胍治疗组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论HPD水煎剂可降低2-DM大鼠胰岛素抵抗。     

动态血糖监测系统在2型糖尿病患者中的应用

目的探讨不同治疗方式后血糖波动的特点。方法根据糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)及病程,将抽样对象分为格列美脲(A)组、胰岛素皮下注射(B)组及胰岛素泵(C)组,3组患者血糖控制至目标值即开始进行72h动态血糖监测,根据监测结果调整治疗及饮食。结果 A组的病程、HbA1c及空腹C肽水平明显高于其他2组,其余各项基线资料3组均具有较好的可比性。各组平均血糖值几乎相等;A组低血糖的发生率最低,接近零;B组低血糖的发生率明显高于C组,回归分析显示,B组血糖的波动与晚餐后2h血糖成线性回归关系。结论根据动态血糖监测及双C治疗方案调整降糖药物及饮食规律,可更高效率、更安全地强化血糖控制。     

盐酸二甲双胍缓释片治疗2型糖尿病疗效分析

目的 探讨盐酸二甲双胍缓释片治疗2型糖尿病的临床疗效。方法 将治疗组85例用盐酸二甲双胍缓释片治疗与对照组85例用中药治疗进行疗效比较观察。结果 治疗组显效率55.30%,总有效率90.59%;对照组显效率36.47%,总有效率69.41%。治疗组明显优于对照组,经统计学处理差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论 盐酸二甲双胍缓释片既能增强胰岛素敏感性,促进外周组织对血糖的利用,又能减少肝糖原的分解,减轻体重,是目前最常用的、有效的降糖药物,因此具有较强的临床推广价值。     

Sestrin2在2型糖尿病血栓形成中的作用

2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes,T2D)现已成为全球性的公共卫生问题,患者多处于血液高凝状态或血栓前状态.在T2D死亡患者中,约80％死于血栓事件.为提高糖尿病患者的生存寿命和质量,对于血栓的防治就显得极其重要.Sestrin2作为近年来发现的新型高度保守的蛋白,具有突出的抗氧化能力,已成为多种疾病研究中的...     

2型糖尿病与原发性开角型青光眼

目的探讨2型糖尿病与原发性开角型青光眼的关系。方法对182例原发性开角型青光眼作回顾性分析,根据是否合并糖尿病将其分为非糖尿病组和糖尿病组,进行对照研究。所有患者均检查Glodmann压平眼压、Octopus视野、眼底、视力、血糖、血压等。结果原发性开角型青光眼中2型糖尿病发生率10.4%,其发生率随患者年龄增长而增高,但与患者性别无关。结论2型糖尿病与开角型青光眼之间是密切相关的。     

2型糖尿病的外科治疗进展

据统计,世界范围糖尿病患者的总人数约为1.71亿,其中85%～90%为2型糖尿病[1],之中又有约90%的患者合并超重或肥胖[2],该病正严重危害人类健康。目前,该型糖尿病仍以内科治疗为主,但无法长期控制血糖水平及避免其并发症。1980年,美国北卡罗来纳大学的外科医生Pories在治疗病态肥胖症时偶然发现为3例肥胖合并严重2型糖尿病患者施行胃旁路手术后患者术后血糖水平明显下降,不再需要任何降糖措施来治疗[3]。1995年他在AnnSurg上发表文章,报道了对146例2型糖尿病患者行GBP手术后14年的随访结果,其中121例(83%)2型糖尿病治愈[4],提出了2型糖尿病外科治疗的概念,引发了医学界对各类减肥手术治疗2型糖尿病的广泛深入研究。     

2型糖尿病患者眼表改变及相关性分析

本文对2型糖尿病患者眼表改变及相关性进行了深入研究.     

万苏平治疗2型糖尿病84例临床疗效观察

目前国内已有多个厂家生产格列美脲,并已在临床上应用,但其临床研究资料相对较少。为了进一步观察国产格列美脲的临床疗效及安全性,自2006年2月至2008年4月,我们观察了84例以国产GM万苏平为主配合拜糖苹治疗2型糖尿病的临床疗效和安全性,现报道并分析如下。     

Effects of Chicken Serum Metabolite Treatment on the Blood Glucose Control and Inflammatory Response in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats

Chickens can live healthy without adverse effects despite high blood glucose levels. However, the blood biomolecules responsible for maintaining chronic hyperglycemia are unknown. Here, the effects of chicken serum metabolite treatment on blood glucose control and inflammatory response in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) rats were investigated. First, chicken serum treatment reduced the advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and blood glucose levels in STZ-induced T2DM rats. Second, insulin/glucose-induced acute hypoglycemic/hyperglycemic chickens and the blood biomolecules were screened via nontargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS), identifying 366 key metabolites, including DL-arginine and taurine, as potential markers for chronic hyperglycemia in chickens. Finally, DL-arginine functions for blood glucose control and inflammatory response were evaluated. We found that DL-arginine reduced the levels of blood glucose and AGEs in STZ-induced T2DM rats. In addition, DL-arginine treatment upregulated the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression in the muscles and downregulated the advanced glycation end products receptor-1 (AGER1) expression in the liver and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression in the pancreas and thymus tissues. Overall, these results demonstrate that serum metabolite of DL-arginine could maintain blood glucose homeostasis and suppress the inflammatory response in chickens. Therefore, DL-arginine may be a novel target for developing therapeutic agents to regulate hyperglycemia.     

Plasma Lipids,Lipoprotein Metabolism and HDL Lipid Transfers are Equally Altered in Metabolic Syndrome and in Type 2 Diabetes

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to states of insulin resistance that predispose to development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim was to investigate whether plasma lipids and lipid metabolism differ in MetS patients compared to those with T2DM with poor glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin > 7.0). Eighteen patients with T2DM, 18 with MetS and 14 controls, paired for age (40–70 years) and body mass index (BMI), were studied. Plasma lipids and the kinetics of a triacylglycerol-rich emulsion labeled with [³H]-triolein ([³H]-TAG) and [¹⁴C]-cholesteryl esters ([¹⁴C]-CE) injected intravenously followed by one-hour blood sampling were determined. Lipid transfers from an artificial nanoemulsion donor to high-density lipoprotien (HDL) were assayed in vitro. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) were not different in T2DM (128 ± 7; 42 ± 7) and MetS (142 ± 6; 39 ± 3), but triacylglycerols were even higher in MetS (215 ± 13) than in T2DM (161 ±11, p < 0.05). Fractional clearance rate (FCR, in min¹) of [³H]-TAG and [¹⁴C]-CE were equal in T2DM (0.008 ± 0.018; 0.005 ± 0.024) and MetS (0.010 ± 0.016; 0.006 ± 0.013), and both were reduced compared to controls. The transfer of non-esterified cholesterol, phospholipids and triacylglycerols to HDL was higher in MetS and T2DM than in controls (p < 0.01). Cholesteryl ester transfer and HDL size were equal in all groups. Results imply that MetS is equal to poorly controlled T2DM concerning the disturbances of plasma lipid metabolism examined here, and suggest that there are different thresholds for the insulin action on glucose and lipids. These findings highlight the magnitude of the lipid disturbances in MetS, and may have implications in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.     

富GIF啤酒酵母制品对糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖和糖耐受量的影响

目的研究富GTF啤酒酵母制品对糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖和糖耐受量的影响。方法采用腹腔注射四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病大鼠模型,将模型大鼠随机分为3组,分别每天服用普通面包酵母0.1g、富GTF啤酒酵母干粉0.1g和富GTF啤酒酵母胶囊1粒,每天测空腹血糖。30d后进行糖耐受量试验,测0、0.5和2h各时间点血糖。结果富GTF啤酒酵母胶囊和富GTF啤酒酵母干粉不降低正常大鼠血糖。服药30d后,富GTF啤酒酵母胶囊组糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖下降52.45%,富GTF啤酒酵母干粉组血糖下降32.34%,而面包酵母干粉无降糖作用。各样品组糖耐受量2h后均下降,富GTF啤酒酵母胶囊组血糖下降迅速。结论富GTF啤酒酵母胶囊降血糖效果显著,优于富GTF啤酒酵母干粉,并能显著改善糖尿病大鼠糖耐受量。     

The Association of Glucose Control with Circulating Levels of Red Blood Cell-Derived Vesicles in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Hyperglycemia is a trigger for structural alteration of red blood cells (RBCs) and their ability to release extracellular vesicles (EVs). The aim of the study was to elucidate whether glucose control in T2DM patients with concomitant HF and AF affects a circulating number of RBC-derived EVs. We prospectively included 417 T2DM patients with HF, 51 of them had atrial fibrillation and 25 healthy volunteers and 30 T2DM non-HF individuals. Clinical assessment, echocardiography examination and biomarker measures were performed at the baseline of the study. RBC-derived EVs were determined as CD235a+ PS+ particles by flow cytometry. NT-proBNP levels were measured by ELISA. AF patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) < 6.9% had lower levels of CD235a+ PS+ RBC-derived vesicles than those with HbA1c ≥ 7.0%. There were no significant differences in number of CD235a+ PS+ RBC-derived vesicles between patients in entire cohort and in non-AF sub-cohort with HbA1c < 6.9% and HbA1c ≥ 7.0%, respectively. Multivariate linear regression yielded that CD235a+ PS+ RBC-derived vesicles ≥ 545 particles in µL (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01–1.11, p = 0.044) independently predicted HbA1c ≥ 7.0%. Elevated levels of CD235a+ PS+ RBC-derived EVs independently predicted poor glycaemia control in T2DM patients with HF and AF.     

Molecular Weight Dependent Glucose Lowering Effect of Low Molecular Weight Chitosan Oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) on Postprandial Blood Glucose Level in SD Rats Model

This research investigated the effect of enzymatically digested low molecular weight (MW) chitosan oligosaccharide on type 2 diabetes prevention. Three different chitosan oligosaccharide samples with varying MW were evaluated in vitro for inhibition of rat small intestinal α-glucosidase and porcine pancreatic α-amylase (GO2KA1; <1000 Da, GO2KA2; 1000–10,000 Da, GO2KA3; MW > 10,000 Da). The in vitro results showed that all tested samples had similar rat α-glucosidase inhibitory and porcine α-amylase inhibitory activity. Based on these observations, we decided to further investigate the effect of all three samples at a dose of 0.1 g/kg, on reducing postprandial blood glucose levels in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model after sucrose loading test. In the animal trial, all tested samples had postprandial blood glucose reduction effect, when compared to control, however GO2KA1 supplementation had the strongest effect. The glucose peak (C_max) for GO2KA1 and control was 152 mg/dL and 193 mg/dL, respectively. The area under the blood glucose-time curve (AUC) for GO2KA1 and control was 262 h mg/dL and 305 h mg/dL, respectively. Furthermore, the time of peak plasma concentration of blood glucose (T_max) for GO2KA1 was significantly delayed (0.9 h) compared to control (0.5 h). These results suggest that GO2KA1 could have a beneficial effect for blood glucose management relevant to diabetes prevention in normal and pre-diabetic individuals. The suggested mechanism of action is via inhibition of the carbohydrate hydrolysis enzyme α-glucosidase and since GO2KA1 (MW < 1000 Da) had higher in vivo effect, we hypothesize that it is more readily absorbed and might exert further biological effect once it is absorbed in the blood stream, relevant to blood glucose management.     

洋甘菊对1型糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响及其抗血栓作用研究

采用四氧嘧啶诱导建立1型糖尿病模型小鼠,通过测定血糖值、降糖率、血糖曲线下面积(AUC),探讨了洋甘菊提取物对1型糖尿病模型小鼠血糖和糖耐量的影响;通过测定凝血时间、止血时间、血栓抑制率,研究了洋甘菊提取物对正常小鼠和大鼠的抗血栓作用。结果表明,洋甘菊提取物对1型糖尿病模型小鼠具有一定的降血糖作用;洋甘菊醇提物和水提物(高剂量)可明显改善1型糖尿病模型小鼠的糖耐量;洋甘菊醇提物(高、中剂量)可以明显延长正常小鼠的凝血时间和止血时间;洋甘菊醇提物和水提物对大鼠的血栓抑制率最高分别可达42.62%和31.00%,阳性对照(阿司匹林)组的血栓抑制率为48.69%。表明,洋甘菊提取物具有较好的降血糖作用和抗血栓作用。     

Serum Lipoprotein(a) Levels are Greater in Female than Male Patients with Type-2 Diabetes

Women with diabetes are faced with a higher risk of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disorders than men with diabetes. We aimed to study the role of gender and menopausal status in serum Lp(a) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. We quantified serum Lp(a) levels in a group of 477 patients with type 2 diabetes (men, premenopausal and postmenopausal women with diabetes), as well as in 105 controls. We stratified the patients into two groups of low Lp(a) levels (Lp(a) <35 mg/dl) and elevated Lp(a) levels (Lp(a) >35 mg/dl). Patients with diabetes had higher serum Lp(a) levels than the controls. Serum Lp(a) levels was significantly higher in women with diabetes than men with diabetes. Lp(a) levels did not differ between male and females in the control group. Premenopausal and postmenopausal women with diabetes did not differ significantly in serum Lp(a) levels. The odds ratio of having a serum Lp(a) level higher than 35 was 5.85 in premenopausal women with diabetes, 5.08 in postmenopausal women with diabetes, 2.41 in men with diabetes and 1.9 in the women in the control group compared to the men in the control group, after adjustment for age and BMI. This observational study clearly indicated that serum Lp(a) levels were significantly higher in women and men with diabetes. The increase in women was independent of menopause. The level of serum Lp(a) had no correlation with lipid parameters in men or women.     

Adipsin Serum Concentrations and Adipose Tissue Expression in People with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

(1) Adipsin is an adipokine that may link increased fat mass and adipose tissue dysfunction to obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we investigated whether adipsin serum concentrations and adipose tissue (AT) adipsin mRNA expression are related to parameters of AT function, obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). (2) Methods: A cohort of 637 individuals with a wide range of age and body weight (Age: 18–85 years; BMI: 19–70 kg/m²) with (n = 237) or without (n = 400) T2D was analyzed for serum adipsin concentrations by ELISA and visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipsin mRNA expression by RT-PCR. (3) Results: Adipsin serum concentrations were significantly higher in patients with T2D compared to normoglycemic individuals. We found significant positive univariate relationships of adipsin serum concentrations with age (r = 0.282, p < 0.001), body weight (r = 0.264, p < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.136, p = 0.006) and leptin serum concentrations (r = 0.362, p < 0.001). Neither VAT nor SAT adipsin mRNA expression correlated with adipsin serum concentrations after adjusting for age, sex and BMI. Independent of T2D status, we found significantly higher adipsin expression in SAT compared to VAT (4) Conclusions: Our data suggest that adipsin serum concentrations are strongly related to obesity and age. However, neither circulating adipsin nor adipsin AT expression reflects parameters of impaired glucose or lipid metabolism in patients with obesity with or without T2D.     

Cardiovascular Characteristics of Zucker Fatty Diabetes Mellitus Rats,an Animal Model for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Zucker fatty diabetes mellitus (ZFDM) rats harboring the missense mutation (fa) in a leptin receptor gene have been recently established as a novel animal model of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we explored changes in cardiovascular dynamics including blood pressure and heart rate (HR) associated with the progression of obesity and T2D, as well as pathological changes in adipose tissue and kidney. There was no significant difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in ZFDM-Lepr^fa/fa (Homo) compared with ZFDM-Lepr^fa/+ (Hetero) rats, while HR and plasma adrenaline in Homo were significantly lower than Hetero. The mRNA expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in perirenal white adipose tissue (WAT) from Homo was significantly higher than Hetero. Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) in Homo was degenerated and whitened. The plasma blood urea nitrogen in Homo was significantly higher than Hetero. In summary, we demonstrated for the first time that HR and plasma adrenaline concentration but not SBP in Homo decrease with obesity and T2D. In addition, inflammation occurs in WAT from Homo, while whitening occurs in BAT. Further, renal function is impaired in Homo. In the future, ZFDM rats will be useful for investigating metabolic changes associated with the progression of obesity and T2D.