具有三物种的食饵-捕食反应扩散时滞系统的稳定性与行波解（英文）

本文研究了在有界区域上带有Neumann边界条件的反应扩散三物种食饵-捕食时滞系统.利用特征值方法和Lyapunov函数找到了该系统平衡点稳定的充分条件,该条件说明时滞限制了稳定性.稳定性中的主要一个结论是当食饵和捕食者间的种内竞争大于种间竞争时正平衡点是全局渐近稳定的.进一步,通过构建上下解证明了当波速相对大时该系统具有连接零平衡点和正平衡点的行波解.     

带有扩散项具有阶段结构的两种群捕食-食饵系统近似波前解的存在性

本文研究一类带有扩散项具有阶段结构的两种群捕食-食饵系统近似波前解的存在性.通过线性化方法,首先分析了两种群时滞反应扩散系统平衡点的渐近稳定性.然后,把一致逼近方法与上下解方法相耦合,通过构造满足一定光滑性的上下解,证明了当波速足够大时,带有扩散项具有阶段结构的两种群捕食-食饵系统近似波前解的存在性.在一定条件下,解决...     

具有时滞和阶段结构的L-V竞争系统的稳定性分析

具有阶段结构的L-V时滞竞争系统是一类重要的反映种群竞争关系的生态系统,它考虑了时滞效应以及不同阶段幼体和成体竞争能力差异.本文讨论了一类具有两个时滞和阶段结构的L-V竞争系统平衡点的局部稳定性以及正平衡点的全局稳定性.根据Hurwitz判据,我们得到了该系统平衡点局部稳定的条件;依据单调系统的相关理论以及迭代法,我们...     

一个具有时滞和阶段结构的比率依赖型捕食系统的稳定性

本文研究一个具有时滞和捕食者、食饵均具有阶段结构的比率依赖型捕食系统的稳定性.通过分析特征方程,运用Hurwitz判定定理,讨论了该系统的非负边界平衡点和正平衡点的局部稳定性,并得到了Hopf分支存在的充分条件;通过构造辅助系统,运用单调迭代方法和比较定理,讨论了该系统的非负边界平衡点和正平衡点的全局稳定性,从而得到了该生态系统灭绝与永久持续生存的充分条件.     

捕食者和食饵都具有阶段结构的时滞捕食系统的稳定性和Hopf分支（英文）

自然界中,种群增长往往有一个增长和发育的过程M.在不同的年龄阶段,捕食者和食饵会表现出不同的生长特性.此外,时滞对微分方程解的拓扑结构也有很大的影响.许多情况下时滞会破坏正平衡点的稳定性,产生Hopf分支.本文以幼年捕食者到成年捕食者的生长时间为时滞,建立捕食者和食饵都具有阶段结构的时滞捕食系统,利用无限维系统的持久性理论和Hurwitz准则,给出了系统的永久持续性生存和系统共存平衡的局部稳定性条件.以时滞为参数,得出了系统Hopf分支存在性,利用规范型理论和中心流形定理确定了Hopf分支的方向以及Hopf分支周期解的稳定性.最后,通过选取满足定理条件的参数,得到了引起Hopf分支的临界值,并用数值例子验证了定理结论.     

一个捕食者染病、食饵具有阶段结构的生态 - 流行病模型的稳定性

研究了一个捕食者染病且食饵具有阶段结构的生态 - 流行病模型的稳定性,考虑了捕食者对食饵的 Holling-II 型功能性反应函数,并讨论了由捕食者的妊娠期引起的时滞对模型稳定性的影响。通过计算特征方程的特征值,运用 Hurwitz 判定定理,得到了该模型的在平凡平衡点、捕食者灭绝平衡点、无病平衡点和正平衡点的局部稳定性,得到了正平衡点处存在 Hopf 分支的充分条件。通过构造 Lyapunov 泛函,运用 LaSall 不变集原理得到了该模型的平凡平衡点、捕食者灭绝平衡点、无病平衡点和正平衡点全局稳定的充分条件。     

一类具时滞和收获的捕食模型的稳定性与Hopf分支

本文研究一类具有常数收获率和时滞的捕食模型,其中时滞描述了捕食种群的妊娠期。通过分析特征方程,得到了正平衡点局部稳定的条件。当时滞τ增加时,正平衡点失去稳定性,当τ跨过临界值时系统将出现Hopf分支。应用中心流形定理和规范型理论,得到了确定Hopf分支方向和分支周期解的稳定性的计算公式。最后对所得理论结果进行了数值模拟。     

一个具有时滞和捕食者、食饵均具有阶段结构的捕食模型

本文研究一个具有时滞和捕食者、食饵均具有阶段结构的捕食模型的稳定性.首先,通过分析特征方程,运用Hurwitz判定定理,分别给出了该模型的边界平衡点和正平衡点局部稳定的充分条件,并得到了该模型在正平衡点存在Hopf分支的充分条件;其次,运用无穷维动力系统的一致生存定理,得到了该模型持续生存的充分条件;最后,通过构造适当的Lyapunov泛函,运用La Sall不变集原理,分别给出了该模型边界平衡点和正平衡点全局稳定的充分条件.     

一个具有时滞和阶段结构的捕食模型的全局稳定性北大核心CSCD

本文研究了一个比率依赖的、捕食者和食饵均具有阶段结构的捕食者-食饵相互作用模型,并讨论了由捕食者种群的孕期所引起的时滞对种群动力学性态的影响.通过分析相应的特征方程,运用Hurwitz判定定理,文中分别给出了该模型的非负边界平衡点和正平衡点局部稳定的充分条件,并得到了Hopf分支存在的充分条件;运用单调迭代方法和比较定理,分别给出了该模型的非负边界平衡点和正平衡点的全局稳定的充分条件,从而得到了保证该生态系统永久持续生存或灭绝的充分条件.     

一类具有阶段结构和饱和发生率的生态流行病模型的稳定性

本文研究一类食饵具有阶段结构且捕食者染病的具有饱和发生率的捕食者-食饵模型的稳定性及其Hopf分支,讨论了由疾病的潜伏期引起的时滞对种群动力学性态的影响．通过分析特征方程,运用Hurwitz判定定理,讨论了该模型边界平衡点和正平衡点的局部稳定性,并得到了Hopf分支存在的充分条件;通过构造适当的Lyapunov泛函,运用LaSall不变集原理,讨论了该模型边界平衡点和正平衡点的全局稳定性,从而得到了疾病流行而最终形成地方病及消灭的充分条件．     

具离散时滞的扩散Musca domestica苍蝇模型的波前解

本文考虑了一类具离散时滞的扩散Musca domestica苍蝇模型,利用上、下解方法及单调迭代技巧得到了这类模型波前解存在的充分条件。结果表明,当时滞充分小时,该模型连结两一致静态解的波前解仍能得以保持。     

基于行波法的多板耦合结构振动功率流研究

通过引入局部坐标,离散波幅系数矩阵,组装状态向量矩阵,建立了离散板的行波法通用表达式,该表达式的提出可以将行波法的研究对象由简单结构推广到多板耦合结构。自编行波法MATLAB程序计算结构的稳态响应,将行波法半解析结果与有限元数值结果进行对比,验证了提出的行波法通用表达式计算多板耦合结构的有效性、高效性。应用行波法分别求解经典薄板理论和Mindlin板理论的振动控制方程,计算耦合结构的主动功率流和被动功率流,结果表明:在全频范围内,面内剪切和旋转惯量对主动功率流和被动功率流有很大影响,在进行功率流主动控制时应尽可能采用厚板理论。损耗因子的增加可以有效减少共振频率范围附近的被动功率流峰值,但对其他频率范围内的被动功率流峰值影响不大。     

Competing reactions in condensed phase combustion: wave structure and stability

We consider the use of step functions to model Arrhenius reaction terms for traveling wave solutions to combustion problems involving condensed-phase competing reactions such as those occurring in combustion synthesis via the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis process. For each reaction, the Arrhenius temperature dependence of the reaction rate is replaced by a step function. The resulting model introduces interior interfaces and allows the transport equations for energy and species to be solved explicitly within the subdomains bounded by these interfaces. The problem can then be reduced to a small number of algebraic equations describing appropriate interface conditions. We apply this methodology to study steady traveling waves with competing reactions, finding regions where multiple solutions are possible, and comparing our results with numerical calculations employing Arrhenius kinetics. We then analyze and determine regions of stability and instability for the traveling wave solutions.     

带有食饵保护的Holling-Ⅲ型扩散捕食系统的稳定性分析

本文研究了一类具食饵保护的Holling-Ⅲ型扩散捕食系统,带有齐次Neumann边界条件.首先,讨论了系统的全局吸引性;其次,给出了系统正常数平衡态局部/全局渐近稳定的充分条件,这些条件依赖于食饵保护参数;特别地,获得了扩散对系统常数平衡态稳定性的影响,即当扩散系数较大时可使得常数平衡态不稳定.     

Interaction of peristaltic flow with pulsatile magneto-fluid through a porous medium

Summary The interaction of purely periodic mean flow with a peristaltic induced flow is investigated within the framework of a two-dimensional analogue. The mathematical model considers a viscous incompressible fluid under the effect of a transverse magnetic field through a porous medium between infinite parallel walls on which a sinusoidal traveling wave is imposed. A perturbation solution to the complete set of Navier-Stokes equations is found for the case in which the frequency of the traveling wave and that of the imposed pressure gradient are equal. The ratio of the traveling wave amplitude to channel width is assumed to be small. For this case a first-order steady flow is found to exist, as contrasted to a second-order effect in the absence of the imposed periodic pressure gradient. The effect of the magnetic parameter, permeability parameter and the various parameters included in the problem are discussed numerically.     

On the stability of lumps and wave collapse in water waves

In the classical water-wave problem, fully localized nonlinear waves of permanent form, commonly referred to as lumps, are possible only if both gravity and surface tension are present. While much attention has been paid to shallow-water lumps, which are generalizations of Korteweg-de Vries solitary waves, the present study is concerned with a distinct class of gravity-capillary lumps recently found on water of finite or infinite depth. In the near linear limit, these lumps resemble locally confined wave packets with envelope and wave crests moving at the same speed, and they can be approximated in terms of a particular steady solution (ground state) of an elliptic equation system of the Benney-Roskes-Davey-Stewartson (BRDS) type, which governs the coupled evolution of the envelope along with the induced mean flow. According to the BRDS equations, however, initial conditions above a certain threshold develop a singularity in finite time, known as wave collapse, due to nonlinear focusing; the ground state, in fact, being exactly at the threshold for collapse suggests that the newly discovered lumps are unstable. In an effort to understand the role of this singularity in the dynamics of lumps, here we consider the fifth-order Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, a model for weakly nonlinear gravity-capillary waves on water of finite depth when the Bond number is close to one-third, which also admits lumps of the wave packet type. It is found that an exchange of stability occurs at a certain finite wave steepness, lumps being unstable below but stable above this critical value. As a result, a small-amplitude lump, which is linearly unstable and according to the BRDS equations would be prone to wave collapse, depending on the perturbation, either decays into dispersive waves or evolves into an oscillatory state near a finite-amplitude stable lump.     

The influence of neglecting small harmonic terms on estimation of dynamical stability of the response of non-linear oscillators

The effects of neglecting small harmonic terms on estimation of dynamical stability of the steady state solution determined in the frequency domain are considered in this paper. For that purpose, a simple single-degree-of-freedom piecewise linear system excited by a harmonic excitation is analyzed. In the time domain, steady state solutions are obtained by using the method of piecing the exact solutions (MPES) and in the frequency domain, by the incremental harmonic balance method (IHBM). The stability of the solutions obtained in the frequency domain by IHBM is determined by using Floquet–Liapounov theorem and by digital simulation of the corresponding perturbed motion. Received 20 July 1998     

采用替代工质的吸收式制冷运行特性

运用热力学第一定理、质量守恒定理及相平衡原理,建立了一套可用于模拟采用新工质的吸收制冷系统的运行特性的程序。程序中系统各部件的数学模型采用集总参数法建立,系统中制冷剂气液相之间的平衡用改进型ＰＴ方程＾［１］计算,溶液与上方蒸气之间的相平衡用活度系数模型ＵＮＩＦＡＣ法来预测。运用该程序,分别计算了以Ｒ１３４ａ＋Ｒ３２（摩尔比３：７）／ＤＭＦ和Ｒ２２／ＤＭＦ为工质对时的运行特性,并对计算结果进行了系统     

Transient scattering of elastic waves by three dimensional non-axisymmetric dipping layers

Scattering of elastic plane waves by three dimensional non-axisymmetric multiple dipping layers embedded in an elastic half-space is investigated by using a boundary method. The dipping layer is subjected to incident Rayleigh waves and oblique incident SH, SV and P waves. For the steady state problem, spherical wave functions are used to express the unkown scattered field. These functions satisfy the equation of motion and radiation conditions at infinity but they do not satisfy the stress free boundary conditions on the surface of the half-space. The boundary and continuity conditions are imposed locally in the least-square sense at points on the layer interfaces and on the surface of the half-space. The transient response is constructed from the steady state solution by using Fourier synthesis. Numerical results are presented for both steady state and transient problems. Steady state problems include solutions for two non-axisymmetric dipping layers in the form of a prolate. Transient responses are presented for one and two dipping layer models subjected to incident wave signals in the shape of a Ricker wavelet. It is shown that change in azimuthal orientation of the incident wave may significantly change the surface response of the dipping layer. For the transient problem, response comparison of one and two dipping layers indicates that the addition of an extra layer may also completely change the response characteristics of the alluvium. In particular, the delay in arrival of much larger amplitude surface waves by two dipping layers in comparison with other geometrically compatible models demonstrates the importance of the detailed three dimensional modelling of layered irregularities.     

纵振换能器式圆筒型超声电机振动特性的研究

以纵振夹心换能器式圆筒型超声电机为研究对象,对换能器的振动状态进行了分析,给出了换能器弯曲振动的产生原因;研究了耦生弯振对电机机电耦合系数以及圆筒中弯振行波质量所带来的影响,耦生弯振的存在使得定子模态特征频率偏离换能器谐振频率,并使得定子圆筒中的弯振行波产生了畸变。最后,提出一种采用换能器弯振激励圆筒径向弯振的模态组合方式。