聚丙烯实用化技术进展

2001年中国聚丙烯消费量为530．3万吨，位居世界第二。但是无论是聚合改性还是共混改性中国和国际先进水平还有不小的差距。本文介绍了近年来聚丙稀的实用化技术进展，包括聚丙烯/无机纳米粘土复合材料、聚丙烯微发泡塑料、成核剂改性聚丙烯材料及长玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料等领域的技术进展和产品应用概况。     

PPH/PPR/PPB共混体系力学性能的研究

研究了均聚聚丙烯(PPH)、无规共聚聚丙烯(PPR)、嵌段共聚聚丙烯(PPB)3种聚丙烯(PP)共混体季的力学性能，探讨了各组分对材料性能的影响。结果表明：PPH能使材料具有较高的刚性，PPB则能提高材料的韧性，PPH／PPR／PPB体系的冲击强度随PPB用量的增加而增加。     

高熔体强度聚丙烯对短玻纤增强聚丙烯性能的影响

考察了高熔体强度聚丙烯树脂对玻纤增强聚丙烯材料高温力学性能和拉伸蠕变性能等的影响,并进行平板流变分析及材料微观形貌测试.结果表明:随着高熔体强度聚丙烯质量分数增加,材料弯曲强度和高温拉伸强度降低,高温拉伸的断裂伸长率增加;高熔体强度聚丙烯树脂的添加可以改善材料的高温耐蠕变性能,添加质量分数为20％的高熔体强度聚丙烯树脂...     

再生家电壳体聚丙烯材料性能改善研究

再生家电壳体聚丙烯材料通过玻璃纤维增强改性可以显著提升材料的拉伸强度及弯曲模量,但由于再生聚丙烯材料中杂质的影响,材料的缺口冲击强度没有获得明显提升。从改善再生家电壳体聚丙烯材料性能的角度出发,通过掺入再生聚丙烯、添加弹性体和改变玻璃纤维直径等研究了改性材料的性能差异。在全新聚丙烯与再生聚丙烯共混体系中,随着再生聚丙烯含量增加,改性材料的弯曲模量无明显变化,但缺口冲击强度急剧下降。当再生聚丙烯添加质量分数大于30%时,改性材料的缺口冲击强度下降35%。在玻璃纤维增强再生聚丙烯体系中,通过添加质量分数为5%的弹性体,可以显著改善改性材料的缺口冲击强度,同时保持良好的拉伸强度与弯曲模量;使用小直径玻璃纤维可以明显改善改性材料的缺口冲击强度,当玻璃纤维直径由14μm降低至10μm时,缺口冲击强度由8 kJ/m²提升至11 kJ/m²。     

聚丙烯亲水改性最新进展

简要介绍了聚丙烯材料的亲水性测试方法,着重论述了对聚丙烯材料进行亲水改性的各种方法及最新研究进展,并指出今后对聚丙烯材料进行亲水改性的发展方向.     

玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯的研制及应用

介绍了玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯材料的原材料选择,提高聚丙烯与玻纤结合力的方法,玻纤增强聚丙烯造粒生产线及其工艺控制,以及该材料的应用。     

功能化聚丙烯在膨胀型阻燃聚丙烯中的偶联作用

考察了三种功能化聚丙烯－甲基丙烯酸接枝聚丙烯（PP－g-MAA）、顺丁烯－二酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP－g-MAH)和刻蚀聚丙烯（EPP）作为膨胀型阻燃剂／聚丙烯体系的偶联剂对材料性能的影响，并对其偶联机理进行了探讨。     

聚丙烯静音材料的研制

为了提高聚丙烯材料的降噪性能,设计通过无机粒子填充、发泡和弹性体填充的方法对聚丙烯进行改性,研制具有一定降噪效果的聚丙烯材料。实验表明,当BaSO4填充量为40%时,材料具有最佳的降噪效果,其隔声量为32.1db,比改性前聚丙烯材料的隔声量提高了72.6%。同时材料的力学性能和热学性能均优于改性前聚丙烯材料。     

臭氧氧化处理法对聚丙烯表面涂装性的改良研究 Ⅰ.聚丙烯表面的臭氧氧化反应过程

讨论了用臭氧氧化法对聚丙烯表面进行涂装性改良时,聚丙烯均聚物、乙烯-丙烯嵌段共聚物及无规共聚物表面的臭氧氧化反应过程。ATR-IR、ESCA及SEM的结果表明,3种聚丙烯有相同的反应过程,即臭氧氧化反应首先使材料表面的聚丙烯部分生成PP-OH和PP-C=CH,然后-C=C-被臭氧氧化分解生成酮、醛或羧基等,最终氧化产物以羧基为主。臭氧氧化主要发生在处于材料表面非晶态中的丙烯叔H部分上。但由于臭氧对聚丙烯及其共聚物表面的攻击方式不同,溶剂洗净后3种聚丙烯状态将有很大的差异。     

汽车内饰件专用料的研制

采用双螺杆挤出加工,通过添加不同组分的改性助剂,制得汽车聚丙烯内饰件专用料。对聚丙烯专用材料的综合性能进行了测评;并比较了聚丙烯品种、增韧剂、填充材料及聚乙烯对内饰件材料的改性效果;分析了生产工艺对材料性能的影响。据此确定了材料的最佳工艺参数和配方,并成功应用于夏利B型汽车内饰件。     

聚丙烯催化合金组成与性能研究

利用国产齐格勒-纳塔催化剂在反应器中合成出了聚丙烯（PP）催化合金,并系统地研究了不同气相聚合压力以及气相单体组成比所合成的聚合物合金组成与性能的关系,结果表明,在反应器中直接合成出的PP催化合金具有非常高的常温冲击强度和低温冲击强度,且随着合金中乙丙共聚物含量的增加而增加,但其模量却随之下降;若控制合金中乙丙共聚物的含量不超过10%,则可使PP合金材料既具有较高的冲击强度又具朋较高的模量。     

高抗冲聚丙烯合金的研制

采用物理共混与化学反应（歧化）并用的方式制备新型ＰＰ韧性材料,在增容剂（ＳＢ）含量ｍ２％,化学反应物（ＮＸ）含量为ｎ２％的情况下,研制的８０ＰＰ／２０ＰＥ合金韧性材料的冲击强度和断裂伸长率比原ＰＰ分别提高９倍和３倍以上,而拉伸强度仅降低约１０％,合金力学性能基本满足汽车行业的需要。     

聚丙烯在建材中的应用

综述了聚丙烯在建筑领域中应用,包括聚丙烯管材、聚丙烯土工布、聚丙烯纤维混凝土及其他制品在建筑材料中应用情况。     

Physical properties of PP-g-AA prepared by melt extrusion and its effects on mechanical properties of PP

Polypropylene grafting with acrylic acid, PP-g-AA (FPP), was prepared by melt extrusion. The physical properties of FPP and effect of FPP on mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) were investigated. Experimental results showed that an increase in the grafting rate of FPP resulted in an increase in the crystallization peak temperature, melt peak temperature, and degree of crystallization of PP. Double melting peaks were observed for OPP prepared by adding dicumyl peroxide into PP and FPP with low grafting rate due to the degradation of PP. As the grafting rate was increased, the double melt peaks converted into a single melt peak. It is suggest that FPP with higher grafting rate resulted in enhanced nucleation and crystallization ability of PP. The grafting of AA onto the PP chain improved the thermal stability and mechanical properties of PP materials. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2609–2616, 2001     

Study of the morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene composites with silica or rice‐husk

The mechanical, morphological behavior and water absorption characteristics of polypropylene (PP) and silica, or PP and rice‐husk, composites have been studied. The silica used in this study as filler was a commercial type produced from soluble glass or rice husks. The compatibilizing effect of PP grafted with monomethyl itaconate (PP‐g‐MMI) and/or with vinyltriethoxysilane (PP‐g‐VTES) as polar monomers on the mechanical properties and water absorption was also investigated. In general, a high loading of the studied fillers in the polymer matrix increases the stiffness and the water absorption capacity. This effect is more noticeable in the tensile modulus of the PP/silica composite with PP‐g‐VTES as compatibilizer. However, the increase of the rice‐husk charge as a natural filler in the PP matrix decreases the stiffness, and in the presence of PP‐g‐MMI as compatibilizer in PP/rice‐husk, the tensile modulus and water absorption of the composite were improved. The better adhesion and phase continuity in the PP/silica and PP/rice‐husk composites with different compatibilizers was confirmed by the morphological study. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

改性超细硅灰石材料在聚丙烯塑料中的应用研究

用各种改性剂对超细硅灰石粉体进行改性,通过双螺杆挤出机与聚丙烯进行混合改性造粒,在扫描电镜中观察了硅灰石与塑料的结合情况,对注塑试样测试并分析了相关性能,同时与滑石等其他无机粉体改性PP材料进行了对比,结果表明:硅灰石改性PP具有更好的力学性能和耐刮擦性能。     

Melt rheological properties of polypropylene–maleated polypropylene blends. I. Steady flow by capillary

Melt rheological properties of blends of polypropylene (PP) and PP grafted with maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MA) are studied using a capillary rheometer. A pseudoplastic flow behavior is observed. The pseudoplasticity of the melt reduces with an increase of PP‐g‐MA content and/or temperature. The PP‐g‐MA component in the blend acts as decreasing melt viscosity, especially in the lower shear rate region, while the addition of PP‐g‐MA to PP does not cause obvious increase of die swell ratio. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 1641–1648, 1999     

Compatibilization of polypropylene/molecular sieves type 13X based on carboxyled polypropylene

Molecular sieves type 13X (13X) was selected as a filler of polypropylene (PP). The effect of carboxyled polypropylene (EPP) on mechanical properties, melting behavior, morphology and rheology behavior of PP/13X composites was studied. Mechanical properties tests showed that when 4% EPP added, the impact strength and tensile strength increased 65.6 and 4.6% than PP/13X composites, respectively. It was suggested that the EPP activated the heterogeneous nucleation centers on the filler surface, and made 13X dispersed in PP matrix homogeneously by POM. SEM illustrated that EPP improved the adhesion and the compatibility between 13X and PP. Flow tests indicated that the EPP played the role of lubricant in PP/13X. All the investigations showed EPP was a true coupling agent for PP/13X composites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Maleated polypropylene as a coupling agent for polypropylene–waste newspaper flour composites

This paper reports on the influence of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) on the properties of polypropylene (PP)/newspaper flour (PF) composite, and the compatibilization mechanism was also studied. The results of mechanical tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that MAPP was a true coupling agent for PP/PF blends. The existence of chemical bonds between paper flour and MAPP was proved by gravimetric analysis, while the cocrystallization between bulk PP and PP segments of MAPP was evidenced by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 333–337, 1999