玻纤含量对PA10T/1010复合材料性能的影响

在尼龙(PA)10T/1010中加入玻纤制备玻纤增强PA10T/1010复合材料,通过力学性能测试、X射线衍射测试、差示扫描量热分析、热变形温度测试、热重分析等手段对PA10T/1010复合材料进行表征,考察了玻纤含量对PA10T/1010复合材料力学性能、结晶性能、热稳定性等的影响。结果表明,随着玻纤含量的增加,PA10T/1010复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度等力学性能得到明显改善,热稳定性明显提高,但结晶性能没有改变。玻纤的加入使PA10T/1010的用途更加广泛,可用于汽车行业、电子行业以及航空航天领域。     

尼龙1010/十八烷基胺插层蒙脱土纳米复合材料研究

通过熔融加工制备了尼龙1010(PA1010)/十八烷基胺插层蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料。研究了OMMT含量对PA1010/OMMT纳米复合材料力学性能的影响。当OMMT质量分数为2%时,该纳米复合材料的综合力学性能达到最优。用TG、DMTA、DSC等分析方法对材料的热稳定性、结晶性能等进行了分析表征。结果表明,OMMT的加入提高了纳米复合材料的结晶温度、玻璃化转变温度和储能模量,但纳米复合材料的热稳定性稍有降低。     

硅灰石填充尼龙1010复合材料的制备与力学性能*

利用硅烷偶联剂KH550改性硅灰石,然后通过熔融共混法制备了尼龙(PA)1010/硅灰石复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、熔体流动速率(MFR)和力学性能测试及动态力学分析(DMA)等对复合材料进行了分析与表征。结果表明,硅灰石均匀分散在PA1010基体中;复合材料的MFR随硅灰石含量的增加而降低,但挤出和注射成型实验表明,当硅灰石质量分数≤70%时,复合材料仍具有良好的加工性能;硅灰石的加入显著提高了PA1010的拉伸性能和弯曲性能,当硅灰石质量分数为70%时,复合材料的拉伸弹性模量与拉伸强度比纯PA1010分别提高了256%与29%,弯曲弹性模量与弯曲强度则分别提高了367%与93%;复合材料的动态储能模量随硅灰石含量的增加而大幅提高,当硅灰石质量分数为70%时,在玻璃化转变温度下的动态储能模量提高了约376%。     

氯化锌对聚酰胺1010/氯化锌复合材料结构与性能的影响

利用熔融挤出法制备了聚酰胺1010(PA1010)/氯化锌(ZnCl2)复合材料,研究了ZnCl2的含量对PA1010/ZnCl2复合材料的结晶行为、力学性能、光学性能的影响。结果表明:随着ZnCl2含量的增加,PA1010/ZnCl2复合材料的结晶不完善程度增大,熔点降低。另外,PA1010/ZnCl2复合材料的拉伸强度随着ZnCl2含量的增加逐渐增大,当ZnCl2含量为8%时,复合材料的拉伸强度达到最大值66.2 MPa,与PA1010(52.2 MPa)相比提高了26.7%。当ZnCl2含量为8%时,可以得到熔点较低,力学性能优良和透光率较好的PA1010/ZnCl2复合材料。     

LiCl对PA1010/LiCl复合材料结构与性能的影响

采用熔融挤出的方法制备了尼龙1010/氯化锂(PA1010/Li Cl)复合材料,研究了Li Cl对PA1010结晶行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Li Cl的加入能降低PA1010的结晶温度,使PA1010的结晶度降低,提高复合材料的透明性,当Li Cl质量分数为6%时,PA1010已经完全不能结晶。并且Li Cl的加入能够提高复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度,当Li Cl质量分数为4%时,复合材料的冲击强度最大。     

OMMT和CaCO_3对PA1010纳米复合材料体系力学性能和形貌的影响

用有机蒙脱土(OMMT)和nano-CaCO3作为填充粒子与聚酰胺1010(PA1010)一起,通过双螺杆挤出机用熔融共混法制备两种体系的PA1010/OMMT/nano-CaCO3三元纳米复合材料,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和力学性能测试研究了OMMT作用的PA1010/nano-CaCO3体系和nano-CaCO3作用的PA1010/OMMT体系。结果表明:OMMT/PA1010/nano-CaCO3中,OMMT与基体间的界面吸附力弱化了nano-CaCO3与基体的吸附力,使得OMMT在小含量添加范围内(<2份)体系韧性提高的同时,明显改善了拉伸强度和弯曲强度。而加入nano-CaCO3的nano-CaCO3/PA1010/OMMT,由于两种无机粒子之间对基体的作用处于一种相互抵消的平衡状态,使得体系韧性改变不明显。     

纳米HA对PLA/PCL复合材料降解性能的影响

以聚乳酸(PLA)为基体,添加聚己内酯(PCL)以及羟基磷灰石(HA)熔融共混得到PLA/PCL/HA复合材料,研究其力学性能与降解性能。结果表明,当材料配方为PLA80/PCL20/HA5时,复合材料的综合力学性能最好,断裂伸长率从5%提升至40%;通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测试了复合材料的结晶性能,HA的加入起到异位成核点的作用,结晶度从2.6%提升至8.9%,玻璃化转变温度从60.13℃降至56.84℃,扫描电镜(SEM)观察了复合材料的界面相容度,发现HA的加入提升了PLA与PCL的相容度;通过水解降解过程中的pH值测试与三维超景深显微镜观察得知,由于HA在水解过程中溶解脱落,使得复合材料整体被破坏,水解速率快于纯聚乳酸。     

PA11/PA1010共混物的性能研究

采用熔体共混的方法制备了聚酰胺11/聚酰胺1010(PA11/PA1010)共混物,通过力学性能和差示扫描量热(DSC)测试,研究了PA11/PA1010共混物的力学与结晶性能。测试结果表明:PA1010对PA11同时具有增韧、增强作用;当PA11/PA1010为70/30时,共混物开始出现两个结晶峰和低温熔融峰;共混物的结晶和熔融以PA11为主,兼具有PA11和PA1010的优良性能;断裂伸长率、拉伸强度与缺口冲击强度均达到极大值。     

PA6/有机化凹凸棒土复合材料的制备及其性能研究

采用焦磷酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对凹凸棒黏土进行预处理,得到了有机凹凸棒土(OATP),将OATP与聚酰胺6(PA6)经双螺杆熔融共混得到PA6/OATP复合材料。利用力学性能测试仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪分别研究了OATP的含量对PA6/OATP复合材料力学性能、微观结构和结晶结构的影响规律。以PA6/OATP(5%)为例,利用傅里叶变换红外测试仪分析了OATP与PA6的杂化作用,并用双头毛细管流变仪、热重分析仪分别分析了该材料与纯PA6在流变性能和热性能上的变化。研究发现,当添加质量分数为5%的OATP时,OATP能以纳米尺度很好地分散在PA6基体中,而且OATP的加入不改变PA6的晶型,PA6/OATP复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度达到最大值,热稳定性也有一定程度的提高。     

硅灰石填充尼龙1010复合材料摩擦磨损性能

在制备硅灰石填充尼龙(PA)1010复合材料的基础上,测试了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察摩擦面的形貌,探讨了摩擦磨损机理,分析了复合材料的力学性能和热性能对摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,硅灰石的加入大幅降低了PA1010与钢材间的摩擦系数和磨损量。当硅灰石质量分数为70%时,复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损量仅为纯PA1010的54.7%和11.4%,PA1010的耐磨性得到显著改善。硅灰石的加入减轻了PA1010的粘着磨损和疲劳磨损,当硅灰石质量分数为70%时只有轻微的犁沟现象。随着热变形温度和拉伸弹性模量的提高,体积磨损量降低,摩擦系数逐渐减小。     

CaCl_2含量对PA1010/CaCl_2复合材料结构与性能的影响

采用熔融挤出的方法制备了PA1010/CaCl2复合材料,研究了CaCl2含量对PA1010/CaCl2复合材料的结晶行为、力学性能及流动性能的影响。结果表明:CaCl2的加入提高了PA1010的结晶速率和结晶温度,降低了PA1010的结晶度;随着CaCl2含量的增加,拉伸强度及断裂伸长率先增大后减小,弯曲强度先减小后增大,缺口冲击强度逐渐增大,熔体质量流动速率及热变形温度逐渐减小。     

An investigation of thermal and mechanical properties of synthesised polyamide-6/γ-alumina composites

Abstract

Polyamide based composites were formed by melt blending of polyamide 6 (PA6) with a γ) -alumina powder toughened with ethylene–octene copolymer grafted by maleic anhydride (EOC-g-MAH) and also without EOC in a corotating twin screw extruder. Mechanical properties, morphological structure and thermal stability of toughened PA6 (PA6-g-EOC) and PA6-g-EOC/alumina composites were investigated in this study.To study the effect of powder loading of γ-alumina on the mechanical properties of the composites such as tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, break point and impact strength, varied amounts of 5, 10 and 15?wt-% were deployed. The toughened PA6–γ-alumina composites, i.e. blended by EOC-g-MAH, revealed higher impact strength and more toughness compared to that of the PA6–γ-alumina composites without EOC-g-MAH. Morphology of the composites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) from the as moulded specimens. Micrographs showed a fine dispersion of γ-alumina particles in polyamide matrix due to appropriate mixing. Furthermore, thermal stability and degradation characteristics of the toughened PA6–γ-alumina composites were measured by thermogravimetric analysis. The addition of γ-alumina into the polyamide matrix showed an increase in thermal resistance so that thermal stability was increased by a rise in the powder loading.     

聚乳酸/酯化纤维素复合材料的制备与表征

通过气固反应利用马来酸酐（MA）对纤维素进行酯化改性,采用熔融共混工艺制备了聚乳酸（PLA）/酯化纤维素复合材料。红外分析表明纤维素与MA发生了酯化反应。力学性能测试、热重分析、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、扫描电镜（SEM）等分析表明,PLA/酯化纤维素复合材料的拉伸模量和弯曲模量随酯化纤维素含量的增加而升高,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和热稳定性随酯化纤维素含量的增加而降低;复合材料的Tc相对纯PLA较高,说明酯化纤维素的加入起到了异相成核作用,使结晶速率提高。酯化纤维素在复合材料中分散充分,但两者的界面黏结力较弱。     

长玻纤增强尼龙66复合材料性能的研究

在自制装置中用硅烷偶联剂KH550对长玻纤(LGF)进行表面处理后,采用熔融共混法制备了尼龙66/长玻纤复合材料。采用微机全自动热膨胀系数测定仪记录了玻纤增强尼龙66复合材料的热膨胀曲线,分析了玻纤含量、温度对复合材料热膨胀系数的影响,结果表明,随着玻纤含量的增加,复合材料的热膨胀系数显著下降,最大降低了74.2%;随着温度的升高,复合材料的热膨胀系数先增大后减小最后趋于平衡,转折温度在37℃左右。测试了复合材料的力学性能,结果显示复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度随玻纤含量的增加而大幅度提高,最大分别增加了173%、186%和283%。通过扫描电镜观察到玻纤嵌入尼龙66基体中,与尼龙66形成了良好的界面黏结。     

聚酰胺66/凹凸棒粘土纳米复合材料的制备及其性能研究

对商品凹凸棒粘土提纯、钠化、有机化后,与聚酰胺66(PA66)经双螺杆共混挤出得到PA66/凹凸棒粘土纳米复合材料。用透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了PA66/凹凸棒粘土纳米复合材料的微观结构,并测试了复合材料的力学性能和热性能。结果表明,凹凸棒粘土在PA66中达到纳米级分散,凹凸棒粘土的粒径小于100nm,并且在合适的添加量时复合材料的拉伸强度和热性能都有一定程度的提高。     

Effect of in situ surface‐modified nano‐SiO2 on the thermal and mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of nylon 1010

Nylon 1010 composites filled with two types of surface‐modified SiO₂ nanoparticles (RNS and DNS) were prepared by melt blending. The mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. The influences of the surface‐modified nano‐SiO₂ on the thermal stability, crystallization behavior, and microstructure of nylon 1010 were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. And the interfacial interactions between the fillers and polymer matrix were examined using a Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer. It was found that the addition of the surface‐modified nano‐SiO₂ had distinct influences on the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and crystallization behavior of nylon 1010. RNS and DNS as the fillers had different effects on the mechanical properties of nylon 1010. The composites filled with RNS at a mass fraction of 1–5% showed increased break elongation, Young's modulus, and impact strength but almost unchanged or even slightly lowered tensile strength than the unfilled matrix. The DNS‐filled nylon 1010 composites had obviously decreased tensile strength, whereas the incorporation of DNS also contributed to the increase in the Young's modulus of nylon 1010, but less effective than RNS. Moreover, the nylon 1010 composites had better thermal stability than the neat polymer matrix, and the composites filled with RNS were more thermally stable than those filled with DNS. The difference in the crystallinity of neat nylon 1010 and its composites filled with RNS and DNS was subtle, although the surface‐modified nano‐SiO₂ could induce or/and stabilize the γ‐crystalline formation of nylon 1010. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

火焰喷涂聚酰胺12/n-SiO2复合涂层工艺及性能

采用火焰喷涂法制备了聚酰胺12 (PA12)及聚酰胺12/纳米SiO₂ (n-SiO₂)复合涂层,并利用电子拉力机、摩擦磨损试验机、红外光谱仪（FTIR）和示差扫描量热仪（DSC）等对涂层的结构与性能进行了研究。红外光谱分析表明PA12及PA12/ n-SiO₂粉末在火焰喷涂过程中没有发生氧化或降解反应,表明火焰喷涂法适宜制备PA12及PA12/n-SiO2复合涂层;DSC分析结果表明n-SiO₂具有成核剂作用,能提高PA12大分子的结晶速度及结晶度;涂层力学性能及摩擦磨损性能分析表明n-SiO₂能提高涂层的力学性能,改善涂层的耐老化性能和摩擦磨损性能。当n-SiO₂添加量为1.5%（质量）时,涂层综合性能最佳。     

Crystallization behavior of carbon nanotubes‐filled polyamide 1010

The nanocomposites of polyamide1010 (PA1010) filled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by melt mixing techniques. The isothermal melt‐crystallization kinetics and nonisothermal crystallization behavior of CNTs/PA1010 nanocomposites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The peak temperature, melting point, half‐time of crystallization, enthalpy of crystallization, etc. were measured. Two stages of crystallization are observed, including primary crystallization and secondary crystallization. The isothermal crystallization was also described according to Avrami's approach. It has been shown that the addition of CNTs causes a remarkable increase in the overall crystallization rate of PA1010 and affects the mechanism of nucleation and growth of PA1010 crystals. The analysis of kinetic data according to nucleation theories shows that the increment in crystallization rate of CNTs/PA1010 composites results from the decrease in lateral surface free energy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3794–3800, 2006     

Surface and thermal characteristics of rubber‐modified aromatic polyamide

Polyamide/epoxysilane (coupling agent) composites were reacted with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), a condensation product of diethoxydimethylsilane (DEDMS), by a sol–gel process. Polyamide–PDMS nanocomposites were obtained. The existence of the condensation product of DEDMS and the reaction between the epoxy group and the polyamide were confirmed with Fourier transform infrared, attenuated total reflection, and wide‐scanning X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy and contact‐angle measurements showed that the surface properties of polyamide were greatly improved by the addition of PDMS. The pyrolysis temperature of polyamide with PDMS was approximately 400°C, and the pyrolysis temperature was similar to that of pure polyamide. Also, the char contents increased with the addition of PDMS. The glass‐transition temperature of polyamide with or without PDMS was approximately 140°C according to differential scanning calorimetry. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1947–1955, 2004