运动补偿成像光谱仪地面分辨率特性及望远系统焦距的选择

对于运动补偿增加成像光谱仪能量积分时间的情况,首先推导出了其地面分辨率和望远系统焦距选择的一般表达式,其次,据此进行了具体计算。结果表明,运动补偿成像光谱仪地面分辨率与指向反射镜转角成反比关系,即：转角大时地面分辨率低,反之亦然;需要综合应用需求、系统质量、体积等指标,来选取合适的望远系统焦距。     

锥摆扫一体化空间相机成像模式设计

针对高分辨相机难以实现超宽覆盖的问题,本文设计了锥摆扫一体化成像模式.通过对锥摆扫一体化成像原理进行分析,建立了锥摆扫一体化成像模型;然后,设计了最佳地面轨迹模型,并分析了轨道速度、平台旋转角速度和摆扫转动角速度的关系,并基于地面轨迹给出了曝光时间、帧频的计算方案.最后,通过MATLAB进行算例仿真,并对地面覆盖宽度和...     

航空摆扫相机转弯成像像移分析及补偿

为保证航空摆扫相机转弯成像过程中的成像质量,对其像移计算及补偿方法进行了研究。根据航空摆扫相机的成像原理,利用几何建模及速度矢量分解建立了转弯成像像移计算模型,给出了基于均值补偿的转弯前向像移补偿方法。转弯前向像移补偿分析表明:相机焦距为500 mm,曝光时间为0.01 s,速高比为0.02 rad/s,纵向视场角为10°,转弯角速度为0.5(°)/s时,最大前向像移补偿残差量为2.22μm;转弯角速度为1.5(°)/s时,最大前向像移补偿残差量为3.36μm。另外,转弯横向像移补偿分析表明:横向像移量随纵向视场角幅值的增加而增大,曝光时间为0.005 s,横向视场角为30(°),转弯角速度为1(°)/s时,横向像移量在纵向视场角为4.5°时达到3μm。转弯成像试飞实验结果表明:得到的图像像质优良,无几何形变,前向像移补偿良好,验证了本文提出的转弯成像像移补偿方法的正确性。     

高光谱入射光通量工作状态参数模型研究

高光谱成像光谱仪是通过望远镜成像系统接收地面的辐射能量,并成像于光谱仪分光系统的入射狭缝,在入射狭缝处的光能量为光谱仪工作接收的入射光通量。为明确视场角β_0=1 mrad,摆扫角α=±30°的摆扫式成像光谱仪入射光通量受其工作状态参数的影响程度,研究了各个参数与光通量的定量关系。基于地面对太阳反射的辐射亮度原理,分别从地面物的辐通量、光谱仪入瞳处接收的光能量和成像系统像面的光照度3个角度分别推导光谱仪入射光通量,建立的高光谱入射光通量工作状态参数模型完全一致。光谱仪入射光通量与其接收位置高度、入瞳与地面法线夹角无关,与照度变化率、地面反射率成正比。搭建了实验平台,在地面反射率一定的情况下,通过实验验证了高光谱在4个不同接收位置高度、4个不同入瞳与地面法线夹角的入射光通量数据均具有较好的重复性,重复性误差分别为1.69%和1.42%;模拟不同太阳入射角的光谱仪相对入射辐通量与国家标准照度变化率也有较为一致的变化趋势。     

姿态对地指向不断变化成像时的像移速度计算

基于线阵时间延迟积分(TDI)CCD推扫成像原理,分析了敏捷卫星在三轴姿态机动过程中动态成像的像移问题。由于姿态对地指向不断改变会导致像面空间方位不断改变,从而造成像移速度的改变,本文通过坐标变换法推导出了动态成像方式下的像移速度数学解析表达式,仿真得到了不同姿态机动角速度情况下的TDICCD积分时间数量级。数值仿真分析表明:当前50μs级的航天相机在700km的轨道高度可以实现以0.5(°)/s角速度上限进行动态推扫成像;当姿态机动角速度大于0.5(°)/s时,曝光时间越来越短,需要设计更高水平的相机。以上结论表明,对于不同角速度的动态成像任务,需要量化TDICCD积分时间数量级,实现在三轴姿态机动过程中开启光学有效载荷来完成推扫成像的动态成像。     

机载成像系统像移计算模型与误差分析

研究了机载成像系统的像移及其对成像质量与相机分辨率的影响。为准确获取像移矢量,实现成像系统像移补偿,提出了一种基于坐标变换的机载成像系统像移计算模型。通过线性坐标变换,建立了从地面目标景物到成像系统像面的坐标变换模型,推导了地面目标景物在成像系统像面的解析表达式,根据坐标在相机积分时间内的变化来确定像移矢量。分析了成像系统像移误差的主要来源,讨论了载机轨道坐标、飞行姿态角和相机视轴角误差对像移计算结果的影响,采用蒙特卡罗方法分析和统计了像移计算误差。样本实验结果表明,在载机姿态角和相机摆角不变条件下,像移量与载机速度成正比,与目标距离成反比,像移误差随着参数误差的增加而增加,其中载机经度和纬度误差是影响像移计算误差的重要因素。结果显示本文方法对机载成像系统的像移补偿具有实用价值。     

航空相机前向像移补偿的线性自抗扰控制

为消除飞机姿态角速度变化对摆扫式航空相机反射镜组件进行前向像移补偿时的扰动,设计了线性自抗扰控制器(LADRC),研究了角速度扰动与力矩扰动的等效关系和扰动估计及补偿方法.首先,分析了飞机姿态角速度扰动对像移补偿的影响;然后,建立了有力矩扰动作用时反射镜系统的数学模型,设计了用于扰动观测与估计的线性扩张状态观测器及带扰...     

机载摆扫式光谱仪高转速三面摆镜设计与优化

为满足机载摆扫式光谱仪在25Hz扫描频率下工作的要求,设计了具有三面反射镜的摆镜结构。首先,计算镜面反射区域面积与旋转轴偏离量的关系,通过比较摆镜布置不同数目反射镜时的性能,设计了围绕旋转轴布置三面反射镜的摆镜结构形式,通过600r/min的转速即可完成每分钟1 800次的高频摆扫;同时采用匀速摆扫的运动方式,降低了摆镜的控制难度,提高了系统的稳定性。然后,采用拓扑优化、集成优化等方法对摆镜结构进行了优化,摆镜最终质量为5.28kg,轻量化率达到58%。最后,通过有限元仿真计算得到:摆镜在机载平台600r/min转速离心力与1 g重力的作用下,面型精度RMS值优于λ/20,基频达到1 199Hz,具有较高的力学稳定性,满足机载摆扫式光谱仪的高扫描频率要求。     

TDI CCD全景式航空相机的像移补偿误差分析

基于TDI CCD的航空相机通常工作于推扫方式,介绍了一种新型TDI CCD全景式航空相机.与相同CCD片数的推扫式相机相比,其优点是扩大了摄影视场,但同时带来摆扫方向上的像移.针对这一问题,提出了一种真角度像移补偿方法,并通过实验验证了真角度像移补偿的正确性.以型号为CT-F3的TDI CCD相机为例,对前向像移补偿误差进行了分析,提出系统的性能指标:TDI CCD积分时间精度应大于5‰,扫描反射镜补偿精度应大于1%.     

推扫式航空遥感器像移补偿精度的分析

推扫成像是航空遥感成像中一种重要的工作模式,在该模式下飞行器的速度、航高、姿态角与姿态变化速率等因素会影响遥感器成像质量;如何对这些影响因素进行误差分析与误差分配是研制推扫式遥感器中的一个重要问题。本文通过运动的分解采用光线矢量与光轴旋转变换相结合的方法,在考虑偏流姿态角的调件下建立了系统像移模型;最后通过对各参数的误差分析与分配,应用蒙特卡罗法分析推扫式航空遥感器像移补偿的精度。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.