Nucleation barrier of fcc(γ)→hcp(ε) martensitic transformation in Fe-based alloys

Based on the dislocation theory and Olson's stacking fault model, a model describing the nucleation of an hcp(ε) martensite embryo at low-angle grain boundary is proposed with the influence of external stress field taken into account. The dependences of temperature (T), shear stress (τ) and dislocation density at grain boundary on the martensite nucleation in FeMnSi based alloy, as an example, are numerically simulated. It has been shown that there exist the subcritical and critical embryos during the course of ε-phase nucleation. The free energy difference between them is just the energy barrier of embryo growth. Depending on T and τ, the characteristic embryo sizes may vary in wide ranges and decrease with increasing a and decreasing T. The energy condition of martensitic transformation at Ms and critical shear stress (τc) is discussed from the viewpoint of kinetics and thus the TEM observed result that stacking fault energy is not zero at Ms temperature is reasonably explained. Besides, it is pr     

Nucleation barrier of fcc(γ)→hcp(ε) martensitic transformation in Fe-based alloys

Based on the dislocation theory and Olson's stacking fault model, a model describing the nucleation of an hcp(ε) martensite embryo at low-angle grain boundary is proposed with the influence of external stress field taken into account. The dependences of temperature (T), shear stress (τ) and dislocation density at grain boundary on the martensite nucleation in FeMnSi based alloy, as an example, are numerically simulated. It has been shown that there exist the subcritical and critical embryos during the course of ε-phase nucleation. The free energy difference between them is just the energy barrier of embryo growth. Depending on T and τ. the characteristic embryo sizes may vary in wide ranges and decreases with increasing σ and decreasing T. The energy condition of martensitic transformation at M _s and critical shear stress (τ_c) is discussed from the viewpoint of kinetics and thus the TEM observed result that stacking fault energy is not zero at M _s temperature is reasonably explained. Besides, it is predicted that the high dislocation density at grain boundary can promote the nucleation of fcc→hcp transformation in Fe-based alloys.     

Magnetic properties of Fe3（1-x）Cr3xC alloys

The magnetic properties of Fe33(1-x)Cr3xC alloys with x=0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2, which crystallize in the cementiteFe3C-type structure with space group Pnma, were investigated by means of magnetization measurements. These alloys show tem-perature-induced second-order magnetic phase transitions. The Curie temperature (Tc) of these alloys decreases with increasing x. The isothermal magnetic-entropy changes of these alloys were derived from the magnetic isotherms measured with increasing tem-x = 0.05 in a magnetic field change from 0 to 1 T and 0 to 5 T, respectively.     

Ductile Fe-based amorphous alloys with high iron content

Fe-based amorphous alloys with high iron content of 76at%-80at%were synthesized in the Fe-Mo-Si-P-C-B alloy system by the single roller melt-spinning technique.The amorphous ribbons exhibit high Vickers microhardness and good ductility,which can be indented and bent 180°without breaking.A number of shear bands could be observed around the indents and the bending traces.Studies on the magnetic properties of the amorphous alloys show that they possess high saturation magnetizations of 1.34-1.6 T,which incr...     

Critical driving force for martensitic transformation fcc (γ)→hcp(ε) in Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloys

By the application of Chou's new geometry model and the available data from binary Fe-Mn, Fe-Si and Mn-Si systems, as well as SGTE DATA for lattice stability parameters of three elements from Dinsdale, the Gibbs free energy as a function of temperature of the fcc(γ) and hep(ε) phases in the Fe-Mn-Si system is reevaluated. The relationship between the Neel temperature of the γ phase and concentration of constituents in mole fraction, is fitted and verified by the experimental results. The critical driving force for the martensitic transformation fcc (γ)→ hep (ε), △ G_C~(γ→ε), defined as the free energy difference between γ and ε phases at M_s of various alloys can also be obtained with a known M_s. It is found that the driving force varies with the composition of alloys, e. g. △ G_C~(γ→ε) = - 100.99 J/mol in Fe-27.0Mn-6.0Si and △ G_C~(γ→ε) = - 122.11 J/mol in Fe-26.9Mn-3.37Si. The compositional dependence of critical driving force accorded with the expression formulated by Hsu of the     

Sn对AX55铸造合金组织与蠕变性能的影响

为了提高Mg-5Al-5Ca(AX55)铸造镁合金基体组织和共晶组织的耐热性能,以Sn为变量设计了AX55-x Sn(x=0,0. 5,1. 0,1. 5)合金,研究了T61和T62对合金组织、硬度与蠕变性能的影响.结果表明,随着Sn含量的增加,合金基体中析出的Al2Ca相增多,使得α-M g基体得到强化.在共晶骨架相附近析出的CaMgSn相可使共晶组织得到强化.在175℃/70 MPa蠕变100 h条件下,AX55-x Sn合金的最小蠕变速率和蠕变总量随Sn含量的提高而降低. AX55-1. 5Sn合金性能最佳,且其最小蠕变速率为5. 21×10-8s-1,100 h总蠕变量为0. 065%.相比T61,T62能够提高AX55-x Sn合金的基体硬度和蠕变性能.     

Influence of Tb substitution on low-field magnetocaloric effect in Gd5Si1.72Ge2.28 alloy

The lattice parameters, magnetic phase transition, Curie temperature and magnetocaloric properties for (Gd1-xTbx)5Si1.72-Ge2.28 alloys with x = 0, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 were investigated by X-ray powder diffractometry and magnetization measurements. The results show that suitable partial substitution of Tb in Gd5Si1.72Ge2.28 compound remains the first-order magnetic-crystallographic transition and enhances the magnetic entropy change, although Tb substitution decreases the Curie temperature (Tc) of the compounds. The magnetic entropy change of (Gd1-xTbx)5Si1.72Ge2.28 alloys retains a large value in the low magnetic field of 1.0 T.The maximum magnetic entropy change for (Gd0.80Tb0.20)5Si1.72Ge2.28 alloy in the magnetic field from 0 to 1.0 T reaches 8.7 J/(kg·K),which is nearly 4 times as large as that of (Gd0.3Dy0.7)5Si4 compound (|△Smax| = 2.24 J/(kg·K), TC = 198 K).     

非晶合金Fe_(73.5-x)Cr_xSi_(13.5)B_9Nb_3Au_1(x=0,3,5)的临界现象

利用修正Arrott图方法研究了类Finemet的非晶合金Fe73.5-xCrxSi13.5B9Nb3Au1(x=0,3,5)的居里温度TC和铁磁-顺磁相变临界指数β,γ和δ.研究显示:所有样品的居里温度和临界指数都能很好地满足临界领域的磁性状态方程;随着Cr掺量的增加,居里温度逐渐减小;临界指数β和δ值的变化显示,相变类型从短程相互作用的3D海森堡模型逐渐变为长程相互作用的平均场模型.上述结果说明,Cr掺杂使得非晶合金Fe73.5-xCrxSi13.5B9Nb3Au1减弱了磁相互作用强度,同时扩展了磁相互作用力程.     

Nd_(60)Al_(10)Ni_(10)Cu_(20)大块金属非晶的玻璃转变和晶化特性研究

用铜模吸铸法制得了一种直径为5 mm、成分为Nd60Al10Ni10Cu20的大块非晶合金.与富Fe类Nd基非晶不同的是,这种新型的Nd基大块非晶具有明显的玻璃转变过程和稳定的过冷液相区.磁性测试表明,在室温下表现为顺磁性.热分析实验发现,随着升温速率的增大,样品的过冷液相区变宽,并且玻璃转变温度和晶化温度有明显的向高温方向移动的趋势.研究了该大块非晶的玻璃转变动力学和晶化动力学,并给出了Kauzmann温度Tk,Vogel-Fulchers-Tamman温度T0g以及脆性系数m等重要参数.     

Magnetic properties and XPS of Dy-Y and Dy-Nd alloys

The magnetic properties and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra in the Dy100-xYx and Dy100-zNdz rare-earth alloys are studied.The magnetism measurements show that the dhcp crystal-field influence in the Dy-Nd alloys,which tends to destroy the orbital moment,does not vanish even though a field of 6T is applied.With increasing Y (or Nd) content the temperature region corresponding to helical phase becomes wider (or narrower).The XPS records suggest that the property of the valence fluctuation in neodymium tends to increase the Fermi wave vector kF of the Dy-Nd alloys.This testifies that the abrupt dropping of the Neel temperature,as Nd is introduced,is not only due to a dilution effect of Nd.The introduction of light rare earths into heavy ones is favorable for suppressing the helical phase in the alloys and overcoming the negative magnetocaloric effect.This result will play a guiding role in designing composite magnetic refrigeration working substances.     

铁基块体非晶合金的研究进展

概述了铁基块体非晶合金的发展,简要介绍了合金元素对玻璃形成能力的影响、铁基块体非晶合金的主要制备方法及各种独特性能,并对铁基块体非晶合金的研究方向进行了展望.     

Fe-C-Si-Cr马氏体价电子结构及其对回火转变的影响

利用固体与分子经验电子理论的BLD方法,建立了9SiCr钢马氏体的价电子结构。根据固相合金中C-Me偏聚理论进行推论,并用透射电镜及能谱分析验证了C-Me偏聚对回火转变的影响。     

Cu及Cu-Zn合金压缩行为机理的研究

通过Cu及Cu-Zn合金的压缩实验,分析了不同层错能Cu及Cu-Zn合金的压缩真应力-真应变曲线,提出把Cu及Cu-Zn合金加工硬化行为以0.1的应变量为界点分为两个不同的阶段.0.1应变量之前的材料强化机理很复杂,主要受孪生、固溶强化、有序强化、位错胞等的综合影响,使得Cu、Cu-10%Zn、Cu-20%Zn和Cu-30%Zn的强度在0.1应变量前依次递减.当应变量超过0.1,材料的强化机制主要包括细晶强化与变形孪晶强化,随着层错能的降低材料的强塑性提高.本实验详细研究了Cu及Cu-Zn合金加工硬化行为及微结构演变机理,为更好地了解超细晶材料的机械变形行为以及提高材料强塑性提供参考.     

Microstructure and Texture Evolution of Fe-33Mn-3Si-3Al TWIP Steel on Strain

The microstructure and texture evolution of Fe-33Mn-3Si-3Al twinning induced plasticity(TWIP) steel were studied by the scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) at room temperature. After quasi-static tensile, the texture evolution of different strain was observed. It was shown that the Goss and Brass components increased within the strain range of less than 0.6. Whereas, the main components were decreased when the strain levels were greater than 0.6. This behavior was attributed to the low stacking fault energy(SFE) and was related to the strain energy of this high manganese steel. At high strain levels, the high strain energy may contribute to the Brass components transition to the A(rot-Brass) components.     

Fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu-Zr非晶（纳米晶）合金的磁性机理研究

采用单辊甩带法制取了Fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu-Zr非晶合金薄带。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）等手段对非晶态和晶化后的薄带的微观结构和磁性能进行了表征和测试,研究了Fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu-Zr合金中磁性能随着Zr含量以及退火温度变化的磁性机理。结果表明,在铸态Fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu-Zr非晶合金中,饱和磁感应强度Bs随Zr含量的增加而减小,矫顽力Hc随Zr含量的增加而增大。经过退火处理后的Fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu-Zr合金的饱和磁感应强度变化不大,但矫顽力随着退火温度的升高先减小后增高,矫顽力在510℃退火时达到最小值,但随着温度增加矫顽力进一步增大。在510℃退火时纳米晶粒与非晶相之间的体积比达到最佳,有效各向异性〈K〉最小,软磁性能最好。     

NdFe10.5V1.5Nx磁粉的磁性

通过控制合金热处理条件、 氮化温度与时间和氮化前后颗粒尺寸的大小, 成功的制备了高性能的各向异性NdFe_10.5V_1.5N_x磁粉.其磁性能为B_r=1.08 T, H_cj=342 kA/m, (BH)_max= 137 kJ/m³,T_c＞820 K.对氮含量与晶体结构和内禀磁性的关系研究表明: 氮含量对制备高性能的氮化物磁粉是至关重要的.与快淬NdFeB相比, NdFe_10.5V_1.5N_x磁粉具有高磁能积和低价格的优点, 是一种永磁材料.     

Electronic structure of Ag-Cu alloys

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凝固偏析对氧化铝/铝-铜合金复合材料性能的影响

利用挤压铸造技术制备氧化铝／铝-铜合金复合材料，研究了凝固偏析对复合材料机械性能的影响．结果表明：复合材料在凝固过程中由于选择结晶，基体中的溶质元素偏聚在纤维／基体界面或晶界上；纤维加速了复合材料的时效强化过程，随着纤维体积分数的增加，复合材料的硬度、强度、弹性模量增大，而塑性下降；随着预制件预热温度的升高，冷却速度减慢，凝固偏析加剧，复合材料的机械性能下降．     

高速碰撞下弹坑的成坑规律研究

利用爆炸加速器将球形ＧＣｒ１５粒子加速到２．６－７ｋｍ／ｓ撞击ＬＹ１２－Ｍ、ＬＦ６、ＴＡ６、３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＡ－Ｔ靶材,研究了四种靶材在高速碰撞下弹坑的成坑规律,结果表明,弹丸平均动能密度一定时,弹坑深度与弹丸直径呈线性关系：在４ｋｍ／ｓ〈ｖ０〈５ｋｍ／ｓ时,四种半无限体靶上形成的弹坑深度和直径弹ｖ０增大而减小,在其它速度范围内,弹坑深度和直径随ｖ０增大而增大;在２．６ｋｍ／ｓ〈ｖ０〈７ｋｍ／ｓｊ     

Fe基软磁非晶态合金的研究

从合金的非晶形成能力和磁性能两个方面对多组元铁基非晶Fe Ni P B(TM M)系和Fe Co Ni Zr Nb B(TM (Zr,Nb) M)系的成分设计进行了分析 ,采用单辊铜轮快速急冷 (quenching)的方法制取非晶条带 ,X射线衍射及透射电镜 (TEM)分析均证明 :本研究制得试样为均匀的非晶合金 .此外 ,从非晶合金的磁滞回线上可知 ,所制得的Fe基非晶合金具有良好的磁性能 .