华能澜沧江小湾电站励磁系统的设计与应用

介绍了小湾电站励磁系统中励磁变压器的设计计算方法和可控硅整流、灭磁和过压的设计以及调节器软件的各种功能,指出了小湾电站励磁系统中的创新点。总结已投运大型水轮发电机组的设计经验,对大容量水轮发电机组励磁系统的设计具有参考意义。     

微机励磁系统及移相控制的实施

本文介绍单板微机励磁系统的原理结构框图;给出微机励磁调节器的应用软件;提出一种具有良好性能的励磁调节方案;设计出励磁系统移相控制接口电路,并进行了分析和试验。本系统对水轮发电机组的可控硅励磁系统具有广泛的适用性。     

考虑发电机励磁的AC/DC系统模型与控制器设计

针对高压直流输电系统(HVDC)与发电机励磁协调控制问题,建立了HVDC和发电机励磁综合控制模型,采用微分几何变换法进行部分线性化获得了与原系统相同定性行为的线性系统.基于该线性化模型设计了控制方案并对控制器进行仿真.仿真结果表明,验证了控制器的有效性、可靠性,易于实际应用.     

大型水轮发电机温度场与热应力分析

近年来水轮发电机的单机发电容量愈来愈大,水轮发电机的电磁负荷和热负荷也随之增加,研究大型水轮发电机的电磁分析、温度与热应力尤为重要。以某大型水轮发电机组为例,采用ANSYS-Rmxprt组件建立某大型水轮发电机的等效模型,再通过ANSYS的Maxwell2D仿真模块对水轮发电机电磁有限元模型进行瞬态电磁场分析,分别求解水轮发电机定子系统在空载和额定负载两种工况下产生的铜耗及铁耗。然后建立水轮发电机定子系统三维结构模型并导入电磁损耗密度进行电磁稳态温度场耦合分析,求解水轮发电机定子系统在空载和额定负载工况下的温度分布。最后将温度场分析与结构热力学分析耦合,求解水轮发电机热应力分布,为降低大型水轮发电机工作温升和预防结构热应力变形提供理论依据。     

大唐石泉水力发电厂励磁系统技术改造

简述了大唐石泉水力发电厂1-3号水轮发电机组由原直流励磁机它励励磁方式改造为自并励静止励磁方式的思路和目的,介绍了技术改造后该系统的结构、性能、功能;并对该系统改造后的成效进行了简单总结。     

基于注意力机制和多传感器信息驱动模型的水轮发电机组故障预测系统

为满足水轮发电机组在大数据背景下的故障预测需求，结合注意力机制特征提取能力强的特性和多传感器信息驱动可提高模型鲁棒性的优点，提出了一种基于注意力机制和多传感器信息驱动(Bi-GRU-Attention)模型的水轮发电机组故障预测系统，并将其应用于湖南省某水电站^#8机组8月在线监测数据中。实际运行结果表明，该系统有效预测了水轮发电机组的振动趋势，实现了水轮发电机的智能预测。     

考虑受端励磁系统的交直流稳定性分析

直流输电能否安全落地不仅与自身的控制方式与参数相关,还与受端系统紧密相联。在稳定分析时,受端系统戴维南等值模型固定,不能反映受端的调节能力,其支撑能力的强弱未能体现。考虑受端励磁系统的作用,详细分析了其对直流输电系统的影响,指出励磁达到极限时,受端系统负荷波动导致戴维南等值发生变化较大,随即影响直流输电系统的安全性。修改的IEEE39节点系统证明所提方法的有效性。     

负荷波动对灯泡贯流式水轮发电机转矩及损耗的影响

针对灯泡贯流式水轮发电机组负荷波动影响发电机转矩波动及转子涡流损耗的问题,以一台24 MW灯泡贯流式水轮发电机为例,利用有限元法建立了水轮发电机二维电磁场模型,并计算了发电机负载运行与空载运行时的定子绕组的电压与电流,验证了模型正确性。在此基础上,对比分析了发电机组工作在不同负荷工况下发电机的转矩脉动系数及其转子涡流损耗的差异,并得到二者随机组负荷的变化规律,揭示了机组负荷波动对发电机转子涡流损耗的影响机理,为灯泡贯流式水轮发电机的设计提供参考。     

地磁感应电流在直流输电系统引发的谐波不稳定分析

高压直流（HVDC）输电换流器两侧的谐波阻抗对确定地磁感应电流（GIc）引发的谐波有重要意义。对比了有外部激发和无外部激发2种情况下HVDC换流变的直流偏磁机理,并根据三端口网络模型计算、等效出的谐波阻抗,研究了在GIC作用下换流变偏磁后的谐波水平。PSCAD／EMTDC仿真表明,GIC激发的谐波取决于系统的谐波阻抗。当直流输电系统对某次谐波存在谐振点或呈现高阻抗时。可导致系统谐波明显放大,严重时会引起直流输电工程闭锁。     

大型风力发电机的技术发展

大型风电设备的发展可分为3个阶段：第1代产品是已广泛应用的异步发电机，除风轮机外，它的机舱内还装有齿轮箱和变压器：第2代产品是近年来大量推广应用的双馈式异步发电机，转子采用变频式供电交流励磁，定子电枢输出为恒频（工频），它取消了齿轮箱，但保留了变压器；第3代产品就是20世纪末开发应用的超高压永磁式风力发电机。它不仅取消了齿轮箱，还取消了变压器，而且采用了高压直流输电技术。第3代产品具有许多优点，如减少组件、简化结构、降低成本、便于维护、延长寿命等，但最大的经济效益还在于投资和成本的大幅度降低。     

Stressing of turbine-generator-exciter shafts by variable-frequencycurrents superimposed on DC currents in asynchronous HVDC links andfollowing disturbances at converter stations

Ripple currents on the DC side of both HVDC synchronous and asynchronous links together with cleared HVDC and AC system disturbances can excite in some circumstances onerous torsional vibrations in large steam generator shafts. The problem has assumed importance in recent months on account of the HVDC link between Scotland and Northern Ireland going ahead, on account of the proposed Eire/Wales link, and because AC/DC/AC couplers are to be installed extensively to interconnect the East and West European grid systems. This paper discusses and analyses excitation of shaft torsional vibrations in steam turbine-generator-exciter shafts in close proximity to HVDC power converter substations by: (i) variable-frequency ripple currents superimposed on the DC currents in asynchronous links; and (ii) disturbances at bi-polar converter stations. Detailed simulation of the HVDC converter and generator is necessary for precise assessments of shaft torsional response following HVDC converter station faults. 500 MW, 660 MW, 1000 MW and 1300 MW machines are considered in the analyses that are made     

A modular series connected converter structure suitable for a high‐voltage direct current transformerless offshore wind turbine

A modular generator/converter system suitable for a 100 kV transformerless HVDC offshore wind turbine is analyzed in this paper. The large diameter generator combined with mechanical tolerances may result in substantial parameter deviations. Therefore, the impact of such parameter variations is analyzed. A steady‐state model relating these variations to the imbalances between module DC voltages has been developed. Additionally, the impact of different control strategies was assessed through simulations in EMTDC/PSCAD. Finally, experimental verification of the system performed on a 45 kW laboratory prototype is presented. The theory is developed with the transformerless wind turbine concept in mind but is also applicable to other similar series connected converter topologies.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Power system decarbonisation with Global Energy Interconnection – a case study on the economic viability of international transmission network in Australasia

The electric energy system in Indonesia is undergoing with the challenges of fast-increasing electricity demand, carbon constraints, and rising costs. Using our model of the Australian and Indonesian electrical grids (either separately or interconnected) that incorporates operational flexibility in capacity expansion planning, we first show that meeting the projected demand for Java and Bali—the main Indonesian grid, with 100% locally integrated renewables by 2050 would be challenging. However, a submarine high-voltage DC (HVDC) link connecting Indonesia’s Java-Bali power grid to the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM) grid through the Northern Territory would help alleviate this situation, given Australia’s abundant renewable energy resources. Then, our model reveals that the Australian NEM could also profit from additional renewables if connected to the Northern Territory through a ground HVDC transmission line to gather intermittent wind and solar generation, which would be curtailed otherwise if unused by Indonesia through the submarine link. Despite the expensiveness of long HVDC links, the wholesale electricity cost of the integrated 100% renewable Australasia power system could be reduced by over 16%, from $AUD177/MWh with only local renewables to $AUD148/MWh with integrated HVDC transmission. The model retrieved the optimal international HVDC link with capacity of 43.8 GW, and the optimal regional HVDC transmission line with a capacity of 5.5 GW. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed model on power system decarbonisation planning for both Australian NEM and Indonesian Java-Bali power grid considering HVDC interconnections.     

直流孤岛及弱联系方式下动态无功备用优化

针对直流孤岛及弱联系方式下系统经历大扰动后所面临的稳态电压波动问题,提出一种基于灵敏度的应对稳态电压波动的动态无功备用优化方法,该方法首先根据潮流方程获得节点电压和发电机的无功变化量及计及直流无功变化的电压变化量,然后基于推导得到的灵敏度矩阵,建立无功备用优化模型,以无功备用最大为目标,若干运行条件为约束,求解直流孤岛及弱联系方式下的动态无功备用方案。算例分析结果表明,所提方法可有效提高系统的总无功备用,减少直流孤岛运行模式下节点电压的波动范围,保障系统安全运行。     

大规模风电经直流外送的区域输电能力计算

大型风电基地风电消纳的可行方案是跨区域直接送至负荷中心进行消化,由此产生大规模风电远距离输电的问题,进而对区域间最大输电能力(Total Transfer Capability,TTC)的计算提出新需求。针对大规模风电经直流外送的区域输电能力计算,结合风火打捆直流外送方式,建立了风电经直流外送的区域间TTC计算模型,并采用交直流交替迭代连续潮流算法进行求解。采用改进的IEEE 39节点系统进行测试,对大规模风电经交、直流2种外送方式下的TTC进行对比计算,并讨论了不同风电场出力情况及风火打捆比例对TTC的影响。结果表明:在既定网架结构下,需要协调考虑风火打捆比例和线路容量,在尽可能多地接纳风电的同时,使系统获得最大输电能力。     

基于状态坐标分析的高压直流输电线路保护方案

针对现有高压直流输电线路保护可靠性偏低的问题,提出了一种基于状态坐标分析的高压直流输电线路保护方案。在直流线路电流和电压的坐标系中,定义以直流线路2端的电压值和电流值为坐标的点为状态坐标,通过对直流线路故障后状态坐标变化的分析发现,直流线路区内和区外故障后2端状态坐标的变化具有明显的差异,据此构建直流输电线路的保护判据。通过PSCAD仿真验证,结果表明,所提的保护方案具有可靠性高、易于整定和耐受过渡电阻能力强等诸多优点。     

Generator winding I2R losses and harmonic interferenceunder variable frequency operation of an HVDC unit-connectionscheme

Variable frequency operation of an HVDC unit-connection scheme may affect the generator winding I²R losses, and may cause harmonic interferences on both the AC and DC system. The purpose of this research is to determine the magnitudes of generator winding I² R losses under a certain frequency range so as to improve the efficiency of the hydro unit operation at nonrated head and output power. The generator winding additional I²R losses and harmonic interference, are investigated by using the EMTDC program and other subordinate programs. The overall study shows that the generator winding power losses will be increased as the operating frequency decreases under the condition of a fixed generator output. The magnitude of increased losses, though, will not exceed 8-10% of generator total winding I²R losses under normal system operating conditions. Harmonic interference, on the other hand, will become more severe in both the AC and DC systems, as compared to fixed frequency operation. Active or on line tuning harmonic filters may be considered for a particular variable frequency operation scheme being implemented     

Technology and engineering application of cross area HVDC interconnection system high-precision simulation modeling based on ADPSS

In recent years, a large number of high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission projects have been connected to AC systems. This has started to have an impact on AC/DC hybrid power grids, particularly receiving terminal power grids. An HVDC system is a large-scale power electronic integrated nonlinear system, and it includes a primary system and a control and protection system. Hence, the precision and degree of detail of HVDC systems directly affect the actual effect of simulation. In recent years, in the case of the normal operation and failure of AC power grids, the abnormal fluctuation and even locking of HVDC systems caused by the inappropriate strategies of the control and protection system component have strongly affected power grids. This has significantly affected the safety and stability of receiving power grids and normal operation. In this study, the actual engineering HVDC control logic provided by a manufacturer is analyzed and simulated based on the user defined component library of the ADPSS electromagnetic transient calculation program, and an HVDC control model based on an actual system is established. The accuracy of the DC control custom model based on ADPSS is verified through the simulation of an actual power grid.     

改进的Manchester连锁故障模型在交直流混联电力系统中的应用

针对现有的多种连锁故障分析方法中Manchester模型较符合电力系统实际情况,但却只包含快动态过程、未考虑高压直流输电系统的问题,通过加入直流输电线路的故障判断、交直流潮流计算和系统慢动态过程等环节,对原始Manchester连锁故障模型的计算流程进行了改进,使之适用于交直流混联电力系统,扩大了使用范围。算例分析结果表明,改进后的模型可用于判断多种元件突发故障情况下交直流混联电力系统的连锁故障模式和结果,可为连锁故障的预防和电力系统的安全运行提供参考依据。     

高压直流输电系统运行特性及故障影响的仿真研究

直流输电系统的暂稳态仿真对于电力系统研究规划和设计运行等起着重要的作用．为了能较好地反映扰动下交直流系统间的相互作用,在MATLAB／Simulink软件环境下,针对高压直流输电（HVDC）系统及其变换器建立了详细的模型,进行了系统的稳态、电流参考值突变和直流联络线上的故障仿真,给出了相应的仿真波形,分析了直流输电系统中交直流系统间和直流系统间的复杂动态特性,为进一步研究HVDC系统运行稳定性提供了依据和基础．