我国煤矿整体失稳型冲击地压类型、发生机理及防治

整体失稳型冲击地压是近年我国深部煤矿开采过程中发生的一种新的冲击地压类型,其释放能量和破坏性远大于常见的局部冲击地压。采用现场调查、理论分析、现场监测等方法,对我国煤矿3起典型整体失稳型冲击地压事故的工程特征和冲击显现特征进行分析,将当前我国整体失稳型冲击地压分为孤岛工作面整体失稳型冲击地压、大巷煤柱整体失稳型冲击地压和底煤整体滑移失稳型冲击地压3类。分别建立了3类整体失稳型冲击地压发生机理的力学模型,提出了3类整体失稳型冲击危险的评估方法和防治对策,揭示了3类整体失稳型冲击地压的发生机理。其中孤岛工作面整体失稳型冲击地压的发生机理为孤岛工作面上覆岩层自重和两侧采空区转移载荷叠加形成的总应力超过了孤岛工作面整体承载能力时,孤岛工作面中部弹性整体失稳破坏诱发冲击地压灾害;底煤整体滑移失稳型冲击地压发生机理为工作面超前支承压力超过底煤发生冲击和滑移的临界应力时,底煤冲击和滑移同时发生,形成底煤整体滑移失稳型冲击地压;大巷煤柱整体失稳型冲击地压发生机理为大巷煤柱在自重应力、构造应力和巷道开挖、卸压转移应力等叠加作用下应力高度集中,当应力集中程度超过煤柱整体承载能力时,煤柱中部弹性核发生整体失...     

上覆煤柱影响区应力状态及冲击地压防治

上覆近距离煤柱会造成下层煤的应力集中及冲击危险。采用三维数值模拟,分析了不同宽度煤柱下底板应力分布与底板岩层破坏特征。研究表明:当煤柱宽度≤50 m时,煤柱底板应力呈"倒钟"形分布形态;当煤柱宽度50 m时,煤柱底板应力呈"倒铁塔"式分布形态。煤柱中心最大应力集中系数与煤柱宽度呈幂函数关系,且随着煤柱宽度的增加,煤柱集中应力在底板中的衰减速度逐渐降低。上覆煤柱中心下方3煤层面的最大应力集中系数与煤柱宽度呈负指数关系。煤柱底板破坏范围与煤柱宽度呈负相关关系,煤柱底板岩层的破坏以剪切破坏为主。根据上覆煤柱影响划分了六采区3煤工作面冲击危险区,并提出了相应的防治技术。     

极近距厚煤层冲击地压防治数值模拟研究

对于极近距厚煤层开采,易诱发冲击地压。本文以岳城煤矿3号煤层为工程背景,提出"区段窄煤柱护巷+工作面错位布置"在巨厚坚硬岩层下极近距厚煤层冲击地压防范技术。通过数值模拟验证了区段窄煤柱护巷避免了在上煤层遗留煤柱和采动覆岩内产生高应力集中区,工作面错位布置既减小了巷道围岩压力,又减小了下煤层开采的冲击危险性。     

深部双煤柱巷道冲击地压发生机制

针对红庆河煤矿深部双煤柱工作面临空巷道冲击地压显现强烈、破坏范围大、影响因素复杂的特征,采用地表观测、煤体应力监测、微震监测的方法,分析了影响静载荷的埋深、双宽煤柱留设和采动影响,以及影响动载的厚层顶板岩层结构和垮冒不充分的相邻采空区,研究了冲击地压发生的静载荷、动载荷演化过程,揭示了深部双煤柱巷道冲击地压发生机制。研究表明:深部双煤柱引起3-1103新辅运静载荷的组成包括基础载荷、采动应力及煤柱的侧向应力,叠加后的静载荷达到垂直应力的1.4～4.5倍,静载荷达到24.9～80.1 MPa,接近或超过煤体发生冲击地压的临界载荷;煤柱上方岩层结构向煤柱深部破坏失稳,释放弯曲下沉过程积聚的弹性能,引起煤柱的煤体应力升高,煤岩体的应力向深部转移,破坏位置距离3-1103工作面越来越近,从而诱发具有高应力集中的煤岩体失稳。     

高冲击危险区冲击危险性分析

9202工作面因其上部煤层遗留煤柱,导致掘进和回采期间多次进入应力叠加区,存在冲击地压危险性。从煤岩力学性质、开采深度、顶板岩层的结构特点及上覆残留煤柱区的影响等方面进行分析,采用冲击地压危险状态等级评定的综合指数法,确定了其冲击危险性,为进而采取相应的解危措施打下了理论基础。     

深井不等宽断层煤柱诱发冲击地压机理研究

以采深超千米且存在不等宽断层煤柱工作面为工程背景,分析了断层构造应力和临断层采动工作面上覆岩层运移对冲击地压的影响,进而研究了不等宽断层煤柱诱冲机理。研究表明,断层构造应力和煤层上方悬露覆岩应力叠加超过不等宽断层煤柱综合强度导致了冲击地压发生。通过构建断层构造应力模型、悬露覆岩载荷模型和不等宽断层煤柱承载模型,推导了不等宽断层煤柱能否发生冲击的力学判别式,可用于断层煤柱区域冲击危险区的精确划分,为提前采取针对措施提供依据。研究成果经现场实践,实现了工作面安全开采。     

深井不等宽断层煤柱诱发冲击地压机理研究

以采深超千米且存在不等宽断层煤柱工作面为工程背景,分析了断层构造应力和临断层采动工作面上覆岩层运移对冲击地压的影响,进而研究了不等宽断层煤柱诱冲机理。研究表明,断层构造应力和煤层上方悬露覆岩应力叠加超过不等宽断层煤柱综合强度导致了冲击地压发生。通过构建断层构造应力模型、悬露覆岩载荷模型和不等宽断层煤柱承载模型,推导了不等宽断层煤柱能否发生冲击的力学判别式,可用于断层煤柱区域冲击危险区的精确划分,为提前采取针对措施提供依据。研究成果经现场实践,实现了工作面安全开采。     

上覆硬厚岩层破断规律的机械模拟实验研究

采用机械模拟试验方法,研究了硬厚岩层破断时的支承应力及覆岩运移。研究表明:硬厚岩层强度高、破断扰度大,作为主关键层控制其上覆岩层运动,破断前积聚大量弹性能,在采空区边缘形成较高的应力集中区,破断后能量瞬间释放,且在短时间内迅速下沉,极易造成压架和围岩大变形等问题,诱发冲击地压,需加强破断前后支护。     

采动巷道侧向高低位厚硬顶板破断模式试验研究

陕蒙地区冲击地压显现大多发生在二次采掘扰动影响下,煤层上方厚硬岩层结构破断诱发工作面采场附近动压显现已成为煤矿生产中重大安全隐患。为阐明采动巷道上覆高低位厚硬岩层破断对区段煤柱受力以及巷道围岩稳定性的影响,建立高低位厚硬岩层破断结构的力学模型,得到破断扰动影响下区段煤柱结构变形特征及应力分布特征,以巴彦高勒煤矿11盘区煤样试样为研究对象,利用自行设计的高位岩层模拟加载装置,借助非接触式全场应变测量系统的数字散斑相关分析方法,对高低位厚硬岩层在区段煤柱上方不同破断位置组合下区段煤柱及低位岩层的应力变形特征进行了试验研究。分析了上覆高低位厚硬岩层侧向不同断裂位置组合下区段煤柱受力特征及应力传递机制,建立了巷道上部厚硬顶板不同断裂位置与结构整体失稳荷载的力学模型。结果表明:高低位厚硬顶板岩层破断将会引起煤柱采空区应力集中,高低位厚硬岩层不同的破断位置组合,对下部岩层的运动变形和区段煤柱应力分布和巷道围岩稳定影响显著。区段煤柱整体结构稳定性与破断点位置密切相关,煤体在回转作用下破坏所需的应力大小与高位岩层顶板破断点对采空区顶煤的力矩负相关。随着破断点远离区段煤柱,区段煤柱受力由压剪逐渐转化为采空区煤顶传递的压弯作用。高低位厚硬岩层顶板破断的相对位置影响低位顶板的破断情况,当低位破断点处于高位破断点以内,低位顶板随高位顶板破断1次,反之则低位岩层顶板将会随着高位岩层破断回转发生2次破断。随着高位顶板的破断,采动巷道及煤柱上覆岩层应力减小,区段煤柱稳定性下降,冲击地压风险增大。试验研究为陕蒙地区深部厚硬顶板条件下采动巷道动力灾害防治和区段煤柱设计优化提供了参考。     

矿井冲击地压发生机理及简化力学模型

 以煤矿主要动力灾害之一的冲击地压为研究对象,通过对其特点及易于发生冲击地压区域特点的分析,认为易于发生冲击地压的区域普遍存在应力集中现象,将之划分为三个区域。认为存在的不均衡应力集中和采矿工作产生的扰动是冲击地压启动的条件,而造成煤岩变形局部化的内因主要是应力集中的不均衡性;不均衡的应力集中导致的煤岩体内弹性能的集聚为冲击地压的发生提供了能量;弹性能释放的逐渐衰竭和处于原岩应力状态的应力平衡特性,导致了冲击地压的停止;提出了一种简化的冲击地压力学模型,运用该模型可以解释冲击地压的发生、发展、停止及其造成的煤岩变形局部化等特点。     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

Annual Report analysis of Chinese rare earth-related listed companies in 2013

<正>Chinese rare earth-related listed companies have published their 2013 annual reports.It can be understood from their reports that production and operation activities of Chinese rare earth-related companies were still heavily affected by macro economy and industrial policies.They basically followed the steps of national economy.In 2013,world economy recovered slowly but the economy     

Market opportunities and challenges for rare earth polishing powder

正1.Status of rare earth polishing powder Rare earth polishing powder with high content of cerium oxide began to replace iron oxide for glass polishing and became one of the key materials in glass polishing process since 1940.Compared with traditional iron oxide,rare earth polishing powder has many advantages,such as fast polishing rate,high polishing quality and long service life.It can achieve good surface quality and improve operation conditions.For example,in lens polishing,the polishing work that cerium     

Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths developed a new RE alloy preparation technology

正Pyrometallurgy Laboratory of Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths had independently developed a new preparation technology of rare earth alloy for NdFeB.The alloy can remarkably enhance the coercivity of NdFeB magnet but also evidently reduce the production cost of the magnet.The new master alloy was prepared in the kA pilot-scale electrolytic cell by the independent technology.The rare earth master alloy can be used as the raw material for NdFeB.Compared     

Market and recycling of NiMH battery

<正>Market status and future trend of NiMH battery1.Global market of small NiMH battery Global market size of small NiMH batteries declined year on year since 2011.The trend will continue to 2018,at the rate of 5%to 10%annually.Demand for small NiMH batteries will be stable gradually.Many electrical apparatuses are powered by the built-in lithium battery today,which is the main reason for the shrunk market of small NiMH batteries.But,for some products,small NiMH     

China rare earth market review

正September 1-10,2014 Affected by the National Day holiday,rare earth transaction was stagnant and the market showed a weak steady state.As there was no good news for downstream market,some products with flat demand would likely rally slightly for some time to     

2014 second batch of rare earth quota released

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矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片ANSYS模态分析及应用

高效节能矿用防爆对旋主要通风机的叶片是主要通风机运行的关键部件,叶片在运行时不断受到气流的作用力,从而使叶片产生振动,当叶片振动的频率与叶片的固有频率接近时,容易产生共振从而导致叶片的断裂。一旦叶片断裂时,对主要通风机的安全运行产生致命的影响,从而导致矿山、化工等企业发生重大事故,将会产生不可估量的损失。基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,对高效节能矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片进行模态分析及产生对应的六阶模态频率,对主要通风机叶片的运行频率、固有频率及产生的共振问题进行了原理分析,并且解决了叶片频率共振的问题,从而为主要通风机叶片结构设计提供理论依据,并对主要通风机叶片的安全运行提供保障。     

2013 NdFeB export analysis

<正>China totally exported nearly 24,000 tonsof NdFeB products during 201 3,including 18,825 tons of permanent magnet,valued USD 1.34 billion at an average price of 71.4 USD/kg;3,277 tons of NdFeB magnetic powder,valued USD 1 01 million at an average price of 30.9 USD/kg;1,334 tons of strip casting ribbon,with total export value of USD 74million at an average price of 55.3 USD/kg;and 586