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采用差示扫描量热仪研究了5种具有不同取代基的苯甲酸钠盐作为结晶成核剂对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(HET)结晶和熔融行为的影响,并同滑石粉进行了对比。结果表明,成核剂的加入能明显改变PET的结晶和熔融行为。苯甲酸钠、对苯二甲酸甲酯单羧酸钠和对羟基苯甲酸钠提高既汀的熔融结晶温度(Tc)分别达22.93、21.7和19.37℃,但使PET降解严重;对苯酚钠甲酸钠能够提高Tc达17.75℃且对PET相对分子质量影响很小;对苯二甲酸二钠成核作用最差。低于滑石粉。此外,成核剂的成核能力越强,PET双熔融峰中的低温峰顶温度就越高。 相似文献
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本文通过熔融共混法在双螺杆挤出机上制备了尼龙66/纳米CaCO_3复合材料,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、偏光显微镜(PLM)、热失重(TGA)和差示扫描量热(DSC)的表征方法研究了纳米碳酸钙对尼龙66/纳米CaCO_3复合材料的多晶行为和热性能的影响。结果表明:纳米碳酸钙粒子在尼龙66基体中分散不均,以团聚体的形式存在;纳米碳酸钙具有异相成核作用,能够使球晶的尺寸减小;尼龙66的分解温度为400℃,纳米CaCO_3的添加使分解温度降低。同时,DSC测试表明,材料中的β晶型使材料的熔融温度降低;添加在尼龙66基体中的纳米碳酸钙会导致结晶温度的降低和吸热峰半高宽的增加;冷却速率越大,结晶温度越低,结晶温度范围越宽。 相似文献
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用差示扫描量热分析仪、广角X射线衍射仪和偏光显微镜,研究了聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(P1T)与成核剂YS-688共混物的熔融结晶行为和晶体形貌。结果表明,成核剂不仅能够提高PTT、在高温区的结晶速率,同时还可以提高PTT、在低温区的结晶速率,但同时降低了PTT、的结晶度;光透过率测试表明,随着成核剂含量的增加,PTT、透明性先增加后略有下降,最佳加入量为1%(质量分数,下同);偏光显微镜分析表明,成核剂影响PTT、的晶体尺寸,晶体尺寸随着成核剂含量的增加而减小;广角X射线衍射分析表明,添加成核剂没有改变PTT的晶型。 相似文献
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《合成材料老化与应用》2016,(3)
尼龙材料在工程塑料、纤维材料中占有重要的地位,且随着近年来合成长链尼龙单体生产的实现,其应用更受关注。尼龙材料的性能与材料的聚集态结构中结晶结构密切相关。成核剂是一种用于改变结晶型聚合物的结晶度和结晶形态,加快结晶速率并改善聚合物性能的加工助剂。常用的尼龙成核剂可以分为无机成核剂、有机成核剂、复合成核剂三类。该文以聚合物结晶理论和成核剂作用机理为基础,介绍不同种类成核剂的加入对尼龙的晶型、结晶速率、结晶度、拉伸强度、弯曲性能、冲击强度以及透明度等结构与性能上的影响。 相似文献
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用差示扫描量热法多次扫描研究聚苯硫醚(PPS)在不同的熔融温度(Tmelt)以及交变温度熔融对其结晶行为的影响。结果表明:PPS的结晶温度(Tc) 随Tmelt提高而降低;但Tmelt低时,PPS的Tc随扫描次数增加而提高。随扫描次数增加,PPS呈现多结晶峰。同一试样交变温度熔融,低温熔融结晶的Tc总量比高温熔融结晶的Tc高,而且与扫描次数无关,归结于PPS的自成核作用。 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003 相似文献