In含量对SnBi36Ag0.5无铅焊料合金性能的影响

为了研究In的添加对合金显微组织、熔化特性、润湿性和力学性能的影响.按质量比将纯锡、铋锭、银锭和铟锭在400℃熔化,保温6h,搅拌均匀后在320℃浇铸,制备成SnBi36Ag0.5Inx(x=0％、0.1％、0.2％、0.3％、0.4％、0.5％)焊料合金.利用X射线衍射仪、光学金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜能谱(SEM...     

Influence of Solution Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Directionally Solidified Superalloy DZ22

The microstructure changed markedly withincreasing solution temperature, i.e eutecticγ' phases and coarse primary γ' phase areredissolved continuously into matrix, whichwas finished at 1250-1260℃, and more and finerγ' phases are reprecipitated. The grain boundarymorphology changed gradually to "fine line"form. The dendritic segregation of elementsdecreased. With raising solution temperaturethe longitudinal stress-rupture life at highand intermediate temperature were enhanced,but the transversal stress-rupture life atintermediate temperature decreased obviously.The incipient melting temperature of DZ22 alloywas measured to be 1230-1240℃ and may beincreased by homogenization at 1150℃. In thispaper the principle of determining solutiontemperature of DS alloys was discussed. Itwas suggested that the solution temperatureof alloy DZ22 selected at 1200-1210℃ is appropri-ate.     

定向凝固 NiAl/Cr(Mo,Hf)合金的微观组织及力学性能

研究了定向凝固NiAl-28Cr-5.85Mo-0.15Hf合金的微观组织与在293～1373K温度范围内的力学性能.结果表明:合金是由NiAl枝晶轴和枝晶间区(NiAl和Cr(Mo)相的共晶)组成的.经过长期固溶时效处理NiAl/Cr(Mo)合金析出少量弥散分布的Huesler相,其余Hf以固溶体方式存在.DSNiAl-28Cr-5.85Mo-0.15Hf合金具有明显的韧脆转变行为,韧脆转变温度依赖于应变速率.室温拉伸断口呈现明显的解理断裂,而韧脆转变温度在以上时,合金具有较大的变形量,断口上有许多韧窝,呈现明显的塑性断裂特征.     

固溶温度对VAR制备传感器用Ti-6Ni-3Mo-1Sn合金组织和力学性能的影响

对真空自耗电极电弧熔炼制备的传感器用Ti-6Ni-3Mo-1Sn合金进行热处理,先经过不同温度的固溶处理在经过500℃时效处理4 h,通过实验测试手段研究固溶温度对固溶态和时效态合金组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:固溶温度700℃时,在固溶态合金晶粒中产生了大量初生α相。随着固溶温度增加,形成了更大的β晶粒。以更高温度处理后固溶态合金获得更大拉伸强度以及屈服强度,而伸长率表现为先升高再减小。经过时效处理的时效态合金晶粒中产生了许多弥散态的细小α相。以700℃固溶处理后,形成了初生α相,在残余β相内产生更多β稳定元素。随着固溶温度增加,时效态Ti-6Ni-3Mo-1Sn合金的拉伸强度,屈服强度及伸长率均表现出先增加后减小,最大值发生在固溶温度700℃时,分别为1268,1192 MPa, 5.62%。在低于700℃固溶时效处理后的试样断口区域形成许多尺寸差异较大微孔,呈现脆性断裂特点。     

Influence of the Structure and Temperature on the Extrusion Pressure of an Zn-20Al-2Cu Alloy

The feasibility of developing a method to successfully extrude the eutectoid Zn-Al alloy modified with 2 mass% Cu was studied. The best conditions found for extrusion are determined by the dendrite size of the extrusion ingot, the extrusion rate, and the extrusion temperature. Alloys extruded below the eutectoid temperature show high strength (380 MPa) and good ductility (25-35%). The microstructure of this alloy is composed of fine grains of aluminum solid solution a and zinc solid solution η and ε phases. When the alloy is extruded between 280°C and 320°C, the resultant alloy is super plastic with microstructure formed by fine grains (0.5 μm to 2 μm). Higher extrusion temperatures, cause embrittlement of the material, likely caused by the presence of a low melting point Zn rich eutectic phase at the grain boundaries formed during the solidification.     

2A02铝合金过烧组织特征及金相检验技术的改进

为了更精确地评定铝合金过烧组织,以2A02变形铝合金为例,通过过热淬火处理制取金相试样,对传统的金相检验方法进行了技术改进,并对过烧组织特征及力学性能进行了分析.结果表明:使用体积分数为0.5％的氢氟酸浸蚀试样有助于在光学显微镜下准确地判定临界过烧组织;扫描电镜和能谱分析可以帮助操作人员准确区分临界过烧状态组织的特征和...     

Simultaneous improvement of strength and ductility in NiAl-Cr(Mo)-Hf near eutectic alloy by small amount of Ti alloying addition

Effects of Ti alloying addition on the microstructure and room temperature compression deformation behavior of a NiAl-Cr(Mo)-Hf near eutectic alloy were investigated by SEM, TEM, EDX and compression test. The results showed that compared with base alloy, the compressive fracture strain and 0.2% yield strength of the Ti-containing alloy were enhanced simultaneously. Disordered (Ti,Hf) solid solution phase together with the blocky Heusler phase Ni₂Al(Ti,Hf) precipitation presented at eutectic cell boundaries is responsible for the enhancement in ductility due to the better deformation ability of (Ti,Hf) solid solution phase. The improvement in strength depends mainly on the solid solution strengthening in NiAl matrix by large amount of Ti due to its larger solid solubility relative to Hf in NiAl.     

Co_(41)Ni_(33)Al_(26)合金冷轧带材相变与阻尼能力

通过热轧和冷轧工艺制备了0.2mm厚的Co41Ni33Al26合金带材,采用1350℃×5h水冷对该带材进行了淬火热处理,用金相显微镜观察了其组织。用微分差热分析仪(DSC)测定了其马氏体转变温度,并用动态热机械谱仪(DMS)研究了其相变及阻尼能力。结果表明,0.2mm的Co41Ni33Al26合金带材的基体为竹节状的粗大再结晶晶粒,其马氏体相变温度比1.5mm厚的板材高约45℃;降温过程中合金带材在140~25℃温度范围出现阻尼峰,其阻尼峰宽明显大于马氏体相变温度范围,后者为121~78℃,表明有新的应力诱发马氏体相变出现;Co40Ni33Al27合金带材的阻尼能力超过0.04,并且温度范围宽,有望成为新型阻尼材料。     

真空感应熔炼Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Hf-2Cr-2Al合金经高温热处理后的组织和性能

用真空非自耗电弧熔炼法制备了Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Hf-2Cr-2Al母合金锭, 用Y₂O₃坩埚真空感应熔炼对母合金锭重熔, 浇注在温度梯度约为4 ℃/mm的模壳里, 制备出Φ 60 mm×170 mm铸锭, 研究了1500 ℃/100 h真空热处理后铸锭的组织特征对室温抗拉强度和高温压缩性能的影响。结果表明, 真空感应熔炼Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Hf-2Cr-2Al合金经过1500 ℃/100 h热处理后, 合金锭的组成相为Nb_SS枝晶, Nb₅Si₃层片或不规则颗粒和残留Nb₃Si块。块状Nb₃Si的尺寸越大, 发生完全共析转变需要的时间越长、温度越高。热处理合金锭的室温抗拉强度在208~355 MPa之间, 室温延伸率变化不大, 均小于0.3%。残留的粗大块状Nb₃Si和热处理过程中析出的HfO₂是导致合金锭拉伸性能较低的重要原因。合金锭的高温压缩强度受到组织中硅化物相含量的影响, 压缩强度与硅化物含量成正比。      

Equilibrium Phase Constituents and Discontinuous Precipitation Behavior of Al-Zn-Cu Alloy with Symmetrical Composition

Through microstructure observation and X-ray diffraction analysis, the equilibrium phase constituents of Al-Zn alloy that contains 2 at. pct Cu at room temperature have been determined as AI-based solid solution (α), Zn-based solid solution and AlCu3Zn phase (T′-phase), which are different from α phase, Zn phase and CuZn4 phase originally believed. It is determined that the products of discontinuous precipitation transformation below 277℃ are not the equilibrium phase constituents, but the metastable phases made up of α phase, Zn phase and CuZn4 phase. The phase constituents after discontinuous precipitation of AlZn-2Cu alloy would transform to the ones in equilibrium status: Al-based solid solution (α) in fcc structure, Zn-based solid solution in hcp structure and Al4Cu3Zn phase (T′-phase) ultimately through plastic deformation at room temperature and re-heating treatment below 277℃.     

Electron microprobe investigation of lower melting regions in the as-cast structure of DS200 + Hf single crystal

The elemental characteristics of incipient melting (or lower melting) regions in as-cast DS200 + Hf single crystal were investigated in detail. In addition to the Ni₅Hf phase, the Ni₇Hf₂-type compound was observed to exist in the incipient melting regions. Ni₇Hf₂ and Ni₅Hf showed considerable solubilities for chromium, cobalt and aluminium. Chromium and cobalt replace nickel in the INi₇Hf₂ phase. A large variability of composition was observed in the incipient melting regions. For example, nickel and hafnium contents varied between 27.35 and 59.94wt% and 14.47 and 54.87 wt%, respectively.     

DirectionaHy Solidified High-strength Superalloy DZ22

Alloy DZ22 possesses rather high intermediateand elevated temperature mechanical propertiescomparable with the advanced commercial DS al-loy PWA1422.The alloy composition is based onPWA1422 alloy,only the content ranges of Hf,Cand Zr are changed for systematic study.The pres-ent melting technology for master alloy ingot andDS process parameters for components are suitablefor this alloy.The alloy revert which has     

Study on incipient melting in cast Ni base IN939 superalloy during solution annealing and its effect on hot workability

Abstract

Incipient melting of IN939 superalloy was investigated during solution annealing. In addition, the effect of this phenomenon was studied on hot workability of the alloy. The incipient melting was detected to be within the temperature range 1150–1160°C, which has been reported to be the standard temperature range of solution annealing of this material. The local melted regions were enriched in Zr, Nb and B elements, which appeared in the form of three different phases. The results also showed that even small amounts of local melted regions impair hot workability of the alloy. The use of long time solution annealing at 1150°C or a two-step solution heat treatment has been recommended to delay the incipient melting of the alloy. These treatments enhance hot workability of the alloy.     

Effects of annealing treatment on microstructure and hardness of bulk AlCrFeNiMo0.2 eutectic high-entropy alloy

Bulk AlCrFeNiMo_0.2 (in molar ratio) alloy ingot was prepared by vacuum induction melting and casting methods. The effects of annealing temperature variations (550–1050 °C) on the crystal structure, microstructure, and hardness were investigated. The hardness of the as-cast alloy was HV467, and the alloy exhibited a typical eutectic cell microstructure consisting of FeCrMo-rich solid solution (BCC structure) and NiAl-rich intermetallic compound (B2 structure). After annealing at 750–950 °C, a Mo-rich σ phase precipitated from the FeCrMo-rich solid solution, and apparent annealing hardening appeared. The hardness increased from HV479 to HV542. The hardening of this alloy was attributed to the transformation of the BCC phase to the σ phase. The σ phase changed back to the BCC phase at 1050 °C and the hardness decreased to HV478 which was nearly equal to that of the as-cast alloy. Overall, the AlCrFeNiMo_0.2 alloy exhibited excellent annealing softening resistance.     

Effect of Ru on microstructural evolution during heat treatment in single crystal superalloys

Abstract

The effect of Ru addition on the as cast microstructure, structural evolution during heat treatment and long term aging was employed in single crystal superalloys with different contents of Ru addition (0, 1·5 and 3·0 wt-%). The results show that NiAl based β phase can occur in the interdendritic region in 3Ru alloy. With increasing Ru content in the alloys, the incipient melting temperature of alloy decreases gradually, while the liquidus and solidus changed slightly. After solution treatment and the same aging treatment, the γ′ phase size decreased with increasing Ru addition. An remarkable inverse partition of alloying elements, i.e. more matrix forming elements Re and Mo distribute to the γ′ phase and more Ni element distribute to the matrix, was observed in the alloys with more Ru content after aging treatment. Ru addition can accelerate the rafting of γ′ phase and suppress the precipitation of topologically close packed (TCP) phases effectively.     

The Effect of the Rear Cavity Wall Ingot Shape on the Evolution of the Liquid–Solid Interface During Melting for the Eutectic Pt-C

When characterizing high-temperature fixed points, the fraction of the melting time of the regular part of the plateau with respect to the total melting time, is critical. Maximizing the melting duration minimizes the uncertainty associated with the determination of the fixed-point temperature. One factor that affects this quality is the effect of the thermal bridging between the external and internal surfaces of the ingot enclosed by the cell. This paper presents the results of simulations for the eutectic Pt-C, investigating the effects of different ingot shapes on the duration of the melt plateau. It was found that the formation of a thermal bridge from the rear of the blackbody cavity toward the outer surface of the ingot was critical and that its formation could be delayed or suppressed through a proper choice of the ingot shape. The shapes considered included, firstly, the shape of the rear of the cavity, in contact with the ingot, either cone-shaped or dome-shaped, and secondly, the inside rear surface of the cell, in contact with the ingot, being a cone, a convex dome, or flat. The presence of impurities in the alloy was taken into consideration, and its influence in the evolution of the liquid–solid interface compared with that for the pure alloy. The effect of changing the thermal isolation of the cell, at its front side, was also considered. A dome-shaped surface for the rear of the cavity was found to be more favorable for the development of a regular melting front, in conjunction with the segregation of impurities during melting. At the rear of the cell, a flat surface ensures the back wall is the last to experience thermal bridging, resulting in more extended melting plateaus.     

一种镍基单晶高温合金的热处理工艺研究

研究了一种镍基单晶高温合金的热处理工艺。采用差热分析法和金相测试法确定合金的初熔温度在1280℃左右;利用光学金相显微镜观察了合金在不同固溶处理后的微观组织,测试了合金的持久性能。结果表明,合金的最佳热处理工艺为1245℃/2h,AC+1275℃/4h,AC+1100℃/2h,AC+850℃/24h,AC。采用该工艺处理后的单晶高温合金具有优异的持久性能,在980℃、235MPa的条件下持久寿命达159.35h。     

高能球磨时间和退火温度对制备TiNi合金粉的影响

为获得高能球磨时间和退火温度对TiNi机械合金粉特性的影响机制,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)等分析方法对TiNi合金粉进行了研究。结果表明,机械合金的相成分随着在氩气保护气氛中的球磨时间和退火温度的不同而发生变化。球磨22h的产物是非晶态TiNi合金、Ti的固溶体、Ni的固溶体,球磨27h的产物是非晶态TiNi合金粉和Ni固溶体相,球磨30h发生了明显的固相反应,生成了TiNi、Ni3Ti、Ti3Ni4等物相;在650℃/5h和1000℃/5h下的退火产物都是Ni3Ti、Ti2Ni、TiNi2、TiNi和TiC,但在上述2个退火温度下TiNi并不是主要物相,其中在650℃退火时TiNi的含量明显更低。     

粘结Ni52Mn24.4Ga23.6磁体研究

真空感应熔炼法制备了多晶Ni52Mn24.4Ga23.6合金,对多晶合金进行了DSC分析和显微组织观察;采用粉末压缩压制的方法制备了粘结Ni52Mn24.4Ga23.6磁体;通过X射线衍射分析,讨论了外应力场和磁场对粘结Ni52Mn24.4Ga23.6磁体马氏体相变的影响;测量了粘结Ni52Mn24.4Ga23.6磁体在磁场下的磁诱发应变.结果表明:室温时粘结磁体在1.2T的磁场下能产生150ppm的饱和伸长应变.     

6082铝合金的TTT曲线及其研究

为研究6082铝合金的淬火敏感性,采用分级淬火的方法测定了6082铝合金的时间-温度-转化率（TTT）曲线,利用XRD、TEM并结合Avrami方程研究了6082合金在等温过程中的组织变化.结果表明：6082铝合金TTT曲线的鼻尖温度约为350℃,淬火敏感温度区间为300～420℃;6082铝合金过饱和固溶体在350℃...