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RCC坝层面影响带黏弹塑性流变模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对碾压混凝土坝施工层面影响带渐变力学特性,基于坝体层内材料横观各向同性假定,依据复合材料分析思路和串、并联模型理论,建立了碾压混凝土坝层面影响带渐变规律分析模型,并针对其渐变特性,提出了层面影响带厚度、弹性模量以及粘性系数等计算参数的确定方法,揭示了坝体层面影响带渐变力学行为规律;据此研究,建立了相应的黏弹塑性流变分析计算流程,并研制了相应的有限元计算程序。实例表明,提出的碾压混凝土坝层面影响带主要计算参数的确定方法以及建立的黏弹塑性分析模型能客观地模拟大坝结构变化形态,其计算结果与原位监测成果吻合较好,同时,文中所建分析模型可推广应用于常态混凝土坝,尤其是坝基有夹层或断层等变形规律的分析。 相似文献
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碾压混凝土坝弹性力学参数渐变规律分析 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
受振动碾压和龄期的影响,碾压混凝土坝力学参数具有空间和时间的渐变特性。这些渐变特性导致碾压混凝土坝力学参数的复杂变化,是各碾压层本体和层面的力学参数以及层面厚度难以准确确定的主要原因。本文首先针对碾压混凝土坝各相邻碾压层弹性模量和徐变度差别较小的特点,研究了碾压混凝土坝并层龄期的确定方法;然后考虑碾压混凝土的空间渐变特性,结合复合材料力学串并联模型,建立了典型碾压层弹性计算参数分析模型;进一步利用并层算法,构建了并层体的弹性计算参数分析模型;最后,在碾压混凝土坝并层等效弹性力学参数反分析的基础上,利用粒子群算法,求解出了碾压混凝土坝弹性渐变参数。工程实例表明,本文提出的方法是可行有效的。 相似文献
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受施工、龄期、环境及服役期大坝承受的反复静动荷载等多因素影响,坝体和层面出现不同程度的劣化损伤,碾压层本体及层面物理参数呈渐变特性。针对碾压层内力学参数渐变的特性,提出了相应物理参数的等效算法,且给出了耦合性态参数间的数学转换关系,分析坝体应力场与渗流场相互影响机理,据此建立了考虑层内参数渐变的碾压混凝土坝渗流场与应力场耦合分析模型,并编制了相应的有限元分析程序。工程实例分析表明,耦合作用致使大坝的渗流场发生改变,坝体的应力较未耦合时普遍偏大,坝踵处的应力集中显著;渗流场与应力场耦合作用激励下的不利因素可为大坝的设计、施工及安全运行提供参考。 相似文献
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牛景太 《南水北调与水利科技(中英文)》2012,(4):140-143
坝体物理力学参数是衡量坝体质量的一项重要指标,如何获取碾压混凝土坝当前实际的物理力学参数是分析和评价大坝安全性态的前提和关键。根据碾压混凝土坝施工过程、压实机理和层面特性等,将碾压混凝土坝力学参数识别反问题作为优化问题处理,系统地研究并建立了碾压混凝土坝变形力学参数反分析理论和方法。为克服传统遗传算法的早熟缺点,在处理优化问题时引入混沌遗传算法,并应用混沌遗传算法对某碾压混凝土坝的横观各向同性变形参数和渐变参数进行了反演。最后将横观各向同性模型与参数渐变模型计算值和实测值进行对比分析,验证了反分析理论和方法的正确性,同时也说明了参数渐变模型的合理性和正确性。 相似文献
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思林水电站大坝是一坝高117 m的碾压混凝土重力坝,其坝身及地基渗径是筑坝中的关键技术问题.本文应用平面有限元方法对坝体及坝基稳定渗流进行了计算分析,计算中碾压混凝土坝层面渗流按各向异性考虑.针对碾压混凝土坝的筑坝方式,选用三种方案进行渗流分析计算,研究碾压混凝土坝渗透特性及其影响因素.经渗流分析计算,得出碾压混凝土坝渗透特性主要取决于层面、上游防渗面板、防渗帷幕的渗透性. 相似文献
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碾压混凝土坝层内力学参数渐变分析模型 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
由于碾压混凝土的施工过程和压实机理,激振力和振动加速度等参数沿层深呈指数衰减分布。在此影响下,碾压混凝土的抗压强度、密度等参数同样沿层深逐渐衰减。针对碾压层内力学参数的渐变特性,将碾压层分解成多层结构,用分解刚度法及串、并联模型建立了综合等效参数与层内渐变力学参数之间的转换关系,导出了积分型和离散型两种计算公式。这种渐变模型下的层面特性由碾压层内参数渐变特性及上、下表面参数的差异来描述。对弹性模量、瞬时弹性模量、延迟弹性模量、黏性系数以及渗透系数等力学参数给出了具体的等效变换公式及求解方法,并计算了在不同碾压厚度和不同的各向异性情况下指数分布的具体形态和参数变化规律。 相似文献
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根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。 相似文献
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The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects. 相似文献
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In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment. 相似文献
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V. K. Konovalov O. V. Yashkin V. V. Ermakov 《Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction)》2008,42(2):105-109
A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed
in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash
and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers
of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional
components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect
dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system,
configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants
of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered.
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Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008). 相似文献
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Peter B. Bayley 《河流研究与利用》1991,6(2):75-86
The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed. 相似文献
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简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式,分析其原因,提出了相应的处理方法及措施,并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。 相似文献