无线广播中基于网络编码的隐藏终端解决机制

无线广播网络中由于没有RTS和CTS机制,无法解决隐藏终端问题.提出广播网络中隐藏终端编码算法(HB-CODE),一种利用网络编码来解决无线广播网络中隐藏终端的方法.该方法在节点处利用节点已经接收过的包会在节点产生一个副本,然后通过特殊的机制确认碰撞包中是否有已接收过的包,若有再采用网络编码的方法解码碰撞包,从而恢复原始数据包.分析和实验表明网络编码解决机制减少了延迟2%到10%,平均降低了25%的丢包率,提高了无线广播网络的可靠性和吞吐量.     

基于隐藏终端的时隙802.15.4网络吞吐量研究

为了提高802.15.4网络吞吐量性能,设计了一种改进的节点状态转换过程,提出了一种考虑隐藏终端问题和重传的节点接入信道模型,并对模型进行分析计算。基于计算结果和信道状态模型分析,对考虑隐藏终端问题的数据碰撞概率、丢包率和网络吞吐量进行推导。最后研究了数据包到达率、退避指数和隐藏终端对网络吞吐量性能的影响。实验表明,模型较好地描述了节点接入信道过程,能够对网络吞吐量进行精准的动态分析。实验结果表明,与无重传机制的802.15.4网络相比,网络吞吐量增加了83.9%左右。与部分条件休眠的方法比较,网络吞吐量平均增加了13.3%,提出的模型能够有效提升网络吞吐量性能。     

一种基于节点位置信息的无线传感器网络并行传输MAC协议

针对无线传感器网络多跳通信方式产生的暴露终端问题,提出了一种基于地理位置信息的高效并行传输LACT-MAC协议。该协议突破了传统基于CSMA协议对并行传输的限制,利用节点地理位置信息实现了暴露终端的并行传输,有效地提高了宝贵无线信道资源的复用效率。分析了根据节点的位置坐标并行传输暴露终端节点的可行性,并通过并行传输检测完成了传输过程。仿真结果证明,与标准的IEEE 802.11DCF协议比较,LACT-MAC协议能显著提高网络的平均吞吐量,降低数据传输延迟,有效提高无线传感器网络效率和性能。     

无线局域网的一种功率控制算法

随着无线局域网(WLAN)的普及率的提高,无线访问接人点(Access Point,AP)的分布密度越来越大.而在IEEE802.11中并没有功率控制的相关内容,为了确保覆盖,往往将AP的发射功率设定为最大值,从而导致不同的AP-无线站点对之间的干扰越来越严重,以及网络整体吞吐量的下降.为了解决问题,提出了针对802.11无线局域网的一种分布式功率控制算法.根据AP自身的实际吞吐量与预期吞吐量之间的关系,判断信道质量,并进行动态调整AP的发射功率.在NS2的环境下仿真结果表明算法简单,收敛速度快,能够确保尽可能多的尤线站点获得AP提供的网络接入服务,实现负载均衡;同时尽量减少不同AP-无线站点对之间的相互干扰,提高网络整体吞吐量.     

基于定向天线的非对称无线自组网中MAC协议的研究

在采用全向天线的节点与定向天线的节点混杂的非对称网络中,传统定向MAC协议将带来新的"聋"问题和隐藏终端问题.针对这些问题,设计了NCDMAC(nested circular directional MAC)协议.在该协议中,全向节点采用多跳RTS/CTS,定向节点采用循环DRTS,定向天线嵌套旋转两周,以交换握手帧.ns2模拟仿真显示,NCDMAC协议在增加一定通信时延的情况下,能够解决非对称网络下的"聋"问题和隐藏终端问题,并带来比Multi-hop MAC和Circular MAC协议更大的网络吞吐量.     

基于接收端信号的水声网络MAC协议

水声网络的信道具有数据速率低以及传播时延长的特点,如果采用握手机制减少数据冲突,将降低信道利用率和网络的吞吐量。提出了一种基于接收节点发送短信号告知邻居节点其接收状态的水声网络MAC协议,即当接收节点接收数据时,向邻居节点发送短信号通知其当前时刻不要发送数据,解决了隐藏终端和暴露终端的问题,并提高了网络吞吐量;除此之外,使用短信号还能够降低能量损耗。仿真结果表明该协议能够实现上述目的。     

基于事件冲突干扰模型的UWB无线Ad Hoc网络吞吐量性能研究

研究了UWB无线AdHoc网络的误比特率控制问题和吞吐量性能,以节点信息发射和接收事件冲突图为理论工具研究节点间的干扰对网络吞吐量性能的影响,通过求解基于吞吐量图的线性约束问题,可以得到UWB无线AdHoc网络可达吞吐量的期望数值解,并对其进行了仿真。     

基于SDWN的负载感知终端多点关联方案研究

软件定义无线网络（SDWN）是一种控制与转发分离的无线网络架构。该架构可以快速获取全局拓扑并且其可编程性结合资源虚拟化技术可以对网络接入进行动态控制。针对现有WLAN网络接入负载不均衡问题及移动终端与AP硬关联导致的切换速度较慢的问题,基于SDWN架构提出了一种负载感知终端多点关联方案。该方案对SDWN网络架构下的终端接入算法进行改进,采用多点关联技术,即终端在感知AP负载数据后,可关联多个虚拟AP,达到动态分流并提高网络吞吐量的目的。最后在SDWN的开源Odin平台上验证了方案的可行性,实验表明相比无缝切换至另一AP,此方案可改变原有终端与AP接入一一对应的接入关系,根据AP负载动态接入,可有效提升网络吞吐量。     

基于CSMA/CA协议的隐藏终端问题的改进

在无线局域网中,当节点采用竞争方式访问信道时,隐藏终端和其他节点可能同时利用信道发送数据,引起数据碰撞。在CSMA/CA协议中,增加数据收发的控制分组,正确表示数据收发开始和停止的时间,代替网络分配矢量(NAV),使得隐藏终端和其他节点按照先后顺序发送数据,实现可靠的数据传输。在CC2530芯片设计的方法中,实验结果表明降低了隐藏终端干扰造成的误码率;在NS-2仿真器评估的方法中,仿真结果表明控制分组对于网络其他性能影响小。通过两种方法验证了改进MAC协议的有效性。     

基于节点合作的Ad hoc网多信道MAC协议

针对Ad hoc网络的多信道隐藏终端问题,提出一种基于邻居节点合作通告机制的异步多信道媒介访问控制协议。该协议通过空闲邻居节点向未收到信道协商控制帧的节点发送通告广播帧,从而有效地解决了多信道隐藏终端问题。仿真结果表明,与IEEE 802.11、MMAC协议相比,该协议在提高网络平均吞吐量的同时,还能降低数据包平均延迟。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.