含顺丁烯二酸钾基的顺丁橡胶离聚体的合成、表征与性质

用环氧化顺丁橡胶在甲苯中与顺丁烯二酸氢钾水溶液以N，N-二甲基苯胺和四乙基溴化铵为催化剂进行反应，合成了含顺丁烯二酸钾基的顺丁橡胶离聚体，研究了其开环反应条件。结果表明：开环率可以达到34．2％；该离聚体具有一定的乳化性、吸水性、耐油性；其稀溶液粘度随离子含量的增加而增大；其作为增容剂能增加SBS和氯醇橡胶的相容性。     

不同金属离子中和的新型硫酸盐基顺丁橡胶离聚体的合成、表征与性质

用环氧化顺丁橡胶在二氯乙烷中与硫酸氢钾、硫酸氢钠或硫酸氢锂水溶液以N,N-二甲基苯胺和四乙基溴化铵为催化剂进行反应,合成了新型的含硫酸钾、硫酸钠或硫酸锂基的顺丁橡胶离聚体,还用钾离聚体与醋酸镁、钙、钡、锌或铅溶液反应并洗涤,生成相应的离聚体。离聚体经纯化,用红外光谱（FTIR）及透射电镜表征,确定了硫酸盐基离子及其微区的存在。研究了开环反应的一些条件,结果表明,开环率可达到36％,该离聚体具有相当好的乳化性、一定的吸水性及耐油性,其吸水率和乳化性随离子电位的增加而增大,一价离子的吸水率及乳化体积比二价离子的大;稀溶液粘度随离子电位的增加而增大,二价离子的粘度比一价离子的大;其作为增容剂能增加SBS和氯醇橡胶的相容性。     

环氧SBS开环制备磺酸钠离聚体及其部分性能研究

利用环氧化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（ESBS）的环氧基与亚硫酸氢钠在相转移催化剂、开环催化剂和pH调节剂（BS）存在条件下反应制得磺酸钠离聚体。研究了其反应条件，并采用FTIR及透射电镜确定了离聚体的存在，还研究了不同离子基团含量对磺酸离聚体的乳化性能、吸水率、吸油率及稀溶液粘度的影响。结果表明，ESBS开环反应制备磺酸钠离聚体的最佳条件为：ESBS在甲苯中的质量浓度为12g／100mL；n（NaHSO3）／n（Epoxy）：1．8；m（BS）／m（NaHSO3）=36％；m（TEAB）／m（ESBS）=5％；m（DMA）／m（ESBS）=5％；60℃搅拌反应7h，环氧基转化率达到90％。随着离聚体中离子基团的增加，离聚体的乳化性能增强，吸水性能增大，吸油性能明显增强，离聚体稀溶液粘度增大。     

新型两亲性顺丁橡胶硫酸盐离聚体及其在共混中的增容作用

通过环氧化顺式1,4-聚丁二烯与硫酸氢钠开环反应制备了新型顺丁橡胶硫酸盐离聚体,该离聚体呈现较高的吸水性及突出的乳化性,并能作为氯醚橡胶(CHR)/苯乙烯-丁二烯一苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)共混物的增容剂.用透射电子显微镜研究了新型顺丁橡胶硫酸盐离聚体的形态,并用扫描电子显微镜分析了离聚体在共混中的增容原因.结果表明,离聚体中存在着黑色纳米级离子微区;离聚体明显改善了CHR与SBS两相界面作用.     

用环氧化丁苯橡胶制备含顺丁烯二酸钾的丁苯橡胶离聚体

在聚乙二醇(PEG)为相转移催化剂、碱性促进剂存在下,用顺丁烯二酸氢钾(PHM)与环氧化丁苯橡胶进行开环反应,制备了环氧基转化率达100%的含顺丁烯二酸钾的丁苯橡胶离聚体,用傅里叶变换红外光谱及透射电子显微镜进行了表征,并研究了其吸水性、吸油性及稀溶液黏度。结果表明,随着离子含量的增加,离聚体的吸水率和稀溶液黏度增大,吸油率降低。     

磺酸钠基苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物离聚体的力学性能及其应用

由环氧化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)与NaHSO3开环反应合成了磺酸钠基SBS离聚体。研究了离聚体力学性能的影响因素、离聚体对SBS/氯醇橡胶(CHR)的增容作用、质量比对离聚体/聚丙烯(PP)共混物性能的影响。结果表明:硬脂酸锌能提高离聚体的力学性能;随着离聚体离子含量的增加,拉伸强度及扯断伸长率增加。加入少量离聚体,使离聚体/CHR共混物的力学性能提高,扫描电镜显示两者的相容性增加;离聚体与PP共混,在拉伸强度方面呈现协同效应。质量比各为1/1的离聚体增容SBS/CHR和离聚体/PP共混物的耐油性均较SBS大为改善。     

环氧化顺丁橡胶与NaHSO3反应制备磺化顺丁橡胶离聚体

研究了环氧化顺丁橡胶溶液在以四乙基溴化铵为相转移催化剂、N,N-二甲基苯胺为开环催化剂的条件下,与NaHSO3的水溶液反应制备磺化顺丁橡胶离聚体.结果表明:该离聚体的磺化度可达到1.77 mmol/g;随着离聚体离子含量的增加,吸水率增加,吸油率降低,离聚体稀溶液的黏度增加,表明了离子基团的存在.     

两亲性硫酸钾基(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)嵌段共聚物离聚体的合成、表征及其性能

以四乙基溴化铵(TEAB)为相转移催化剂、N,N-二甲基苯胺(DMA)为开环催化剂,环氧化(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)嵌段共聚物(ESBS)甲苯溶液与硫酸氢钾(PBS)水溶液通过开环反应制备了硫酸钾基(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)嵌段共聚物离聚体(SSBS),考察了合成条件对ESBS开环反应的影响,用傅里叶变换红外光谱法表征了SSBS,研究了SSBS的耐溶剂性能、特性黏数[η]及乳化性能.结果表明,当TEAB/ESBS(质量比)为5%、DMA/ESBS(质量比)为5%、ESBS溶液质量浓度为0.12 g/mL、PBS与环氧基的摩尔比为1.8、反应温度为75 ℃、反应时间为7 h时,ESBS的开环率达到41.7%;开环反应过程中同时形成了硫酸盐基和羟基;随着离子基团含量及离子电位的增加,SSBS的吸水率和[η]增大,耐油性能增强;SSBS能乳化甲苯/水体系,其乳化体积随着离子含量、离聚体用量及离子电位的增加而增大.     

用环氧化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物开环反应制备新型磷酸盐离聚体及其性能

研究了用环氧化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(ESBS)在相转移催化剂、开环催化剂存在下与Na2HPO4的水溶液发生开环反应,制得了磷酸盐离聚体。结果表明,在ESBS的浓度为0.14g/mL、Na2HPO4/环氧基(摩尔比)为1.8、Na3PO4/Na2HPO4(质量比)为0.6、溴化四乙基铵/ESBS(质量比)为0.05、N,N-二甲基苯胺/ESBS(质量比)为0.05以及聚合温度为75℃、反应时间为8h的条件下,反应转化率达32%。该离聚体具有很好的乳化性、一定的吸水性和耐油性,这些性质均与离子含量及离子电位有关。     

顺丁烯二酸钾基(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)嵌段共聚物离聚体的力学性能及其应用

用环氧化(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)嵌段共聚物(SBS)开环反应合成了含顺丁烯二酸钾基的SBS离聚体,考察了离子基团不同含量对含顺丁烯二酸钾基的SBS离聚体力学性能的影响,研究了离聚体/聚丙烯(PP)共混物的力学性能和耐溶剂性能,以及离聚体对氯醇橡胶(CHR)/SBS共混物的增容效果。结果表明,该离聚体呈现热塑性弹性体行为;随着离子基团含量的增加,离聚体的拉伸强度及扯断伸长率增大,但当离子基团含量超过1.69mmol/g时,离聚体的力学性能又有所下降,离子基团最佳含量为1.23~1.69mmol/g;该离聚体与PP共混,在拉伸强度方面呈现协同效应;离聚体作为增容剂提高了SBS与CHR的相容性,当离聚体质量分数为3%时,力学性能达到最佳,共混物的耐溶剂性能也得到了改善。     

Synthesis and properties of novel amphiphilic sulfated ionomers by the ring‐opening reaction of an epoxidized styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer

A method for the synthesis of novel sulfated ionomer of styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) was developed. SBS was first epoxidized by performic acid in the presence of a phase‐transfer catalyst; this was followed by a ring‐opening reaction with an aqueous solution of alkali salt of bisulfate. The optimum conditions for the ring‐opening reaction of the epoxidized SBS with an aqueous solution of KHSO₄ were studied. During the ring‐opening reaction, both phase‐transfer catalyst and ring‐opening catalyst were necessary to enhance the conversion of epoxy groups to ionic groups. The products were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After the potassium ions of the ionomer were substituted with lead ions, the lead sulfated ionomer exhibited dark spots under TEM. Some properties of the sulfated ionomer were studied. With increasing ionic groups or ionic potential of the cations, the water absorbency and emulsifying volume of the ionomer and the intrinsic viscosity of the ionomer solution increased, whereas the oil absorbency decreased. The sulfated ionomer possessed excellent emulsifying properties compared with the sulfonated SBS ionomer. The sodium sulfated ionomers in the presence of 10% zinc stearate showed better mechanical properties than the original SBS. When the ionomer was blended with crystalline polypropylene, a synergistic effect occurred with respect to the tensile strength. The ionomer behaved as a compatibilizer for blending equal amounts of SBS and oil‐resistant chlorohydrin rubber. In the presence of 3% ionomer, the blend exhibited much better mechanical properties and solvent resistance than the blend without the ionomer. SEM photographs indicated improved compatibility between the two components of the blend in the presence of the ionomer. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Synthesis of sulfonated rubber ionomers by the ring‐opening reaction of epoxidized styrene–butadiene rubber,their characterization,and their properties

A novel method for the synthesis of the sulfonate ionomer of styrene‐co‐butadiene rubber (SBR) was developed. SBR was first epoxidized by performic acid formed from hydrogen peroxide and formic acid in situ in solution, and this was followed by a ring‐opening reaction with an aqueous solution of NaHSO₃. The optimum conditions for the epoxidation of SBR in the presence of a phase‐transfer catalyst and for the ring‐opening reaction of epoxidized SBR with an aqueous solution of NaHSO₃ were studied. During the epoxidation of SBR, a phase‐transfer catalyst, such as poly(ethylene glycol), could enhance the conversion of double bonds to epoxy groups. During the ring‐opening reaction, both the phase‐transfer catalyst and ring‐opening catalyst were necessary to enhance the conversion of the epoxy groups to ionic groups. The addition of Na₂SO₃ to the reaction mixture was important to obtain 100% conversion. The products were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DSC showed that the sodium sulfonate SBR ionomer possessed a dissociation temperature of ionic domains at 110°C, which appeared as black spots under TEM, after the sodium ions of the ionomer were substituted by lead ions. Some properties of the sodium ionomer, such as the water absorbency, oil absorbency, and dilute solution behavior, were studied. With increasing ionic groups, the water absorbency of the ionomer increased, whereas the oil absorbency decreased. The dilute solution viscosity of the ionomer increased abruptly with increasing ionic group content. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3090–3096, 2006     

Synthesis and characterization of maleated ionomers via ring‐opening reaction of epoxidized styrene‐butadiene rubber with potassium hydrogen maleate and study of their behavior as compatibilizer

A novel method for synthesizing maleate ionomer of (styrene‐co‐butadiene) rubber (SBR) from epoxidized SBR was developed. The epoxidized SBR was prepared via epoxidation of SBR with performic acid formed in situ by H₂O₂ and formic acid in cyclohexane. The maleated ionomer was obtained by ring‐opening reaction of the epoxidized SBR solution with an aqueous solution of potassium hydrogen maleate. The optimum conditions were studied. It was found that it is necessary to use phase transfer catalyst and ring‐opening catalyst for enhancing the epoxy group conversion. To obtain 100% conversion addition of dipotassium maleate is important. The product was characterized by FTIR spectrophotometry and transmission electron microcroscopy (TEM). The results showed that the product was really an ionomer with domains of maleate ionic groups. Some properties of the ionomer, such as water absorbency, oil absorbency and dilute solution behavior were studied. With increasing ionic groups, the water absorbency of the ionomer increases, whereas the oil absorbency decreases. The dilute solution viscosity of the ionomer increases abruptly with increasing ionic group content. The ionomer can be used as a compatibilizer for the blends of SBS and chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE). Addition of a small amount of the ionomer to the blend can enhance the mechanical properties of the blends. 3 wt % ionomer based on the blend can increase the tensile strength and ultimate elongation of the blend nearly twice. The compatibility of the blends enhanced by adding the ionomer was shown by scanning electron microscopy. The blend of equal parts of SBS and CSPE compatibilized by the ionomer behaves as an oil resistant thermoplastic elastomer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 792–798, 2006     

Novel method for preparation of quaternary ammonium ionomer from epoxidized styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer and its use as compatibilizer for blending of styrene–butadiene–styrene and chlorosulfonated polyethylene

A novel method for the preparation of a quaternary ammonium ionomer of styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) was developed by a ring‐opening reaction of epoxidized SBS with triethylamine hydrochloride in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. The optimum conditions were studied. The ionomer was characterized by quantitative analysis, IR spectroscopy, and ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy. Its water absorbency, oil absorbency, dilute solution viscosity, and use as a compatibilizer for the blending of SBS and chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE) were investigated. The results showed that, under optimum conditions, the epoxy groups can be completely converted to the quaternary ammonium groups. The IR spectrum did not exhibit the absorption peak for quaternary ammonium groups, whereas the ¹H‐NMR spectrum and titration method demonstrated it. With increasing ionic group content, the water absorbency of the ionomer increased whereas its oil absorbency decreased. These indicated the amphiphilic character of the SBS ionomer. The dilute solution viscosity of the ionomer in toluene/methanol (9/1) solvent increased with increasing quaternary ammonium group content. The ionomer was used as a compatibilizer for the blends of SBS and CSPE. The addition of a small amount of the ionomer to the blend enhanced the mechanical properties of the blends: 2 wt % ionomer based on the blend increased the tensile strength and ultimate elongation of the blend nearly 2 times. The blends of equal parts SBS and CSPE behaved as oil‐resistant thermoplastic elastomers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1975–1980, 2006     

环氧SBS开环制备顺酐化离聚体及其物化性能的研究

利用环氧化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（ESBS）的环氧基与顺丁烯二酸氢钾（HKM）在相转移催化剂和开环催化剂存在的条件下开环反应制得钾离聚体。研究了其反应条件，由于添加了助剂BM，环氧基开环率达到了95．2％，并用FTIR确定了离聚体的生成；通过对不同环氧值ESBS开环反应，研究了不同离子基团质量摩尔浓度对离聚体物化性能的影响。     

聚乳酸基离聚物的合成与表征

聚乳酸是一种绿色环保高分子材料。以丙交酯为单体,辛酸亚锡为催化剂,N-甲基二乙醇胺为引发剂通过丙交酯的开环聚合法制备了聚合物分子链中含有氨基官能团的双端羟基聚乳酸,然后以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯作为扩链剂进行溶液扩链反应制备了聚乳酸基聚氨酯,然后再与冰醋酸、碘甲烷、溴乙烷反应,制备了以聚乳酸基聚氨酯为基体的离聚物。并采用特性粘数测定、GPC、差示扫描量热法、热重分析法、X射线衍射等方法对聚合物进行了表征。结果表明,聚乳酸基聚氨酯离聚物的特性粘数高于聚乳酸基聚氨酯,离聚物的热稳定性优于聚乳酸及聚乳酸基聚氨酯。     

Amphiphilic styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer grafted with polyoxyethylene

A styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) was grafted with polyoxyethylene via a ring‐opening reaction of an epoxidized styrene–butadiene– styrene triblock copolymer (ESBS) with monocarboxylic‐group‐terminated methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (CMPEG). The latter was prepared through the esterification of methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) with maleic anhydride. The optimum conditions for the preparation of the graft copolymer were studied. The graft copolymer was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry. Its water absorbency, oil absorbency, emulsifying property, phase‐transfer catalysis property in the Williamson solid–liquid reaction, and use as a compatibilizer in the blending of SBS with oil‐resistant chlorohydrin rubber (CHR) were also studied. The optimum conditions were a CMPEG/epoxy group molar ratio of 1.5, an N,N‐dimethyl aniline/ESBS concentration of 5 wt %, and an ESBS concentration of 12–14 g/100 mL at 75–80°C for 10 h. The polyoxyethylene content could reach 0.27 mmol/g. The graft copolymer absorbed a certain amount of water, fairly resisted kerosene, and possessed good emulsifying and phase‐transfer catalysis properties, both of which were enhanced with increasing polyoxyethylene graft content. The graft copolymer could be used as a compatibilizer for a blend of SBS and CHR. A 3 wt % concentration of the graft copolymer based on a 50/50 blend could increase both the tensile strength and ultimate elongation of the blend about 1.7 times. The blend behaved like an oil‐resistant thermoplastic elastomer. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the improved compatibility of the two components by the graft copolymer. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

稠油乳化催化降粘体系的研究

针对新嘏稠油粘度高难以开采的问题,文章俐：究r表面活性剂和催化荆复合用于稠油蒸汽开采的复合降粘体系。以新疆稠油为研究对象,首先对其含水牢进行了测定,在油水比为7：3的情况下,控温,探究加碱量与粘度的关系,确定了稠油的最适加碱量。利用HLB值法确定出了新疆稠油乳化的最佳HLB值为12．98,通过与多种未知HLB值的表面活性剂之间按不同比例的复配实验,分别确定出了表面活性剂OP-10、TX-10、FJC的HLB值分别为15．15、13．94、12．05。根据其形成乳状液的最佳HLB值,得到了该稠油的乳化降粘体系的两种配方,再进行耐高温实验,最终确定了乳化配方体系为30％OP-10＋70％FJC,降粘体系在水相中的最佳加量为0．8％。降粘率达到95．56％。     

用于PVC原位聚合改性的纳米碳酸钙乳液的制备及其性能

比较了聚乙烯醇、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚丙烯酰胺、乳化剂TY-01作为纳米碳酸钙的乳化剂时的乳化效果;选用乳化剂TY-01时,确定了其最佳用量以及搅拌、超声波振荡的工作参数;研究了乳化液固含量对黏度和pH值的影响;通过投射电镜观察了纳米碳酸钙的分散情况。结果表明：①4种乳化剂中,乳化剂TY—01的乳化效果最好,其与纳米碳酸钙的最佳质量比为1：20;②配制乳化液时,搅拌转速应大于800r／min,提高搅拌转速、进行超声波振荡可以缩短搅拌时间;③随着乳化液固含量的增加,乳化液的pH值基本不变,乳化液黏度急剧增大;④添加乳化剂的纳米碳酸钙在水中分散均匀,且粒度均匀,平均为50nm。